ESTUDYR
COMPREHENSIVE PHARMACOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR DENTAL
PRACTICE MOST TESTED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ WITH
RATIONALES
1. What is an allergic effect?
A. Predictable effect at high doses
B. Hypersensitivity to a substance; unpredictable and not dose-related
C. Drug toxicity
D. Therapeutic response
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allergic reactions occur due to immune system hypersensitivity and can occur at any
dose.
2. Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions occur:
A. After weeks of exposure
B. Slowly over months
C. Within minutes to hours (e.g., anaphylaxis)
D. Only with repeated doses
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type 1 reactions are immediate, mediated by IgE antibodies, and can result in
anaphylactic shock.
3. Which represents a drug’s brand name?
A. ibuprofen
B. acetaminophen
C. Tylenol
D. metformin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Brand names are capitalized and copyrighted by the manufacturer.
,ESTUDYR
4. Which represents a generic drug name?
A. Tylenol
B. Advil
C. Percocet
D. ibuprofen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Generic names are lowercase and refer to the drug’s chemical substance.
5. Synergism occurs when:
A. Two drugs cancel each other
B. Drugs have no effect
C. Two drugs together produce a greater effect than expected
D. Drugs become toxic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Example: Oxycodone + acetaminophen (Percocet) produces enhanced pain relief.
6. What does ADME stand for?
A. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
B. Analysis, Dosage, Measurement, Evaluation
C. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
D. Action, Duration, Mechanism, Effect
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ADME summarizes the pharmacokinetic processes of a drug in the body.
7. The abbreviation “PC” means:
A. After dinner
B. Before bedtime
C. After meals
D. Every hour
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: “PC” is Latin for “post cibum” (after food).
, ESTUDYR
8. PRN on a prescription means:
A. Once daily
B. Morning only
C. As needed
D. After meals
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: PRN medications are taken only when symptoms require.
9. The abbreviation HS indicates:
A. Morning
B. Afternoon
C. At bedtime
D. Before meals
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: “HS” stands for “hora somni,” Latin for bedtime.
10. The first-pass effect refers to:
A. Drug absorbed sublingually
B. Drug metabolized by liver/GI tract before systemic circulation
C. IV administration
D. Drug excreted by kidneys
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oral drugs often lose some activity before reaching systemic circulation.
11. Sublingual administration is preferred because:
A. Slower absorption
B. Avoids first-pass metabolism
C. Requires injection
D. Is painful
COMPREHENSIVE PHARMACOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR DENTAL
PRACTICE MOST TESTED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ WITH
RATIONALES
1. What is an allergic effect?
A. Predictable effect at high doses
B. Hypersensitivity to a substance; unpredictable and not dose-related
C. Drug toxicity
D. Therapeutic response
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allergic reactions occur due to immune system hypersensitivity and can occur at any
dose.
2. Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions occur:
A. After weeks of exposure
B. Slowly over months
C. Within minutes to hours (e.g., anaphylaxis)
D. Only with repeated doses
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type 1 reactions are immediate, mediated by IgE antibodies, and can result in
anaphylactic shock.
3. Which represents a drug’s brand name?
A. ibuprofen
B. acetaminophen
C. Tylenol
D. metformin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Brand names are capitalized and copyrighted by the manufacturer.
,ESTUDYR
4. Which represents a generic drug name?
A. Tylenol
B. Advil
C. Percocet
D. ibuprofen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Generic names are lowercase and refer to the drug’s chemical substance.
5. Synergism occurs when:
A. Two drugs cancel each other
B. Drugs have no effect
C. Two drugs together produce a greater effect than expected
D. Drugs become toxic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Example: Oxycodone + acetaminophen (Percocet) produces enhanced pain relief.
6. What does ADME stand for?
A. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
B. Analysis, Dosage, Measurement, Evaluation
C. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
D. Action, Duration, Mechanism, Effect
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ADME summarizes the pharmacokinetic processes of a drug in the body.
7. The abbreviation “PC” means:
A. After dinner
B. Before bedtime
C. After meals
D. Every hour
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: “PC” is Latin for “post cibum” (after food).
, ESTUDYR
8. PRN on a prescription means:
A. Once daily
B. Morning only
C. As needed
D. After meals
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: PRN medications are taken only when symptoms require.
9. The abbreviation HS indicates:
A. Morning
B. Afternoon
C. At bedtime
D. Before meals
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: “HS” stands for “hora somni,” Latin for bedtime.
10. The first-pass effect refers to:
A. Drug absorbed sublingually
B. Drug metabolized by liver/GI tract before systemic circulation
C. IV administration
D. Drug excreted by kidneys
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oral drugs often lose some activity before reaching systemic circulation.
11. Sublingual administration is preferred because:
A. Slower absorption
B. Avoids first-pass metabolism
C. Requires injection
D. Is painful
