HESI A2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY REAL EXAM 150 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES 2026 LATEST
UPDATE//ALREADY GRADED A+
1. Which is an anterior feature of the human head?
A. The Nose
B. The Ears
C. The Occipital Lobe
D. The Temporal Lobe
Answer: A. The Nose
Rationale: The nose is located on the front (anterior) of the human head, making it an anterior feature.
2. What is the primary hormone secreted by the thyroid?
A. Oxytocin
B. TSH
C. Adrenaline
D. T4 (Thyroxine)
Answer: D. T4 (Thyroxine)
Rationale: The thyroid gland primarily secretes thyroxine (T4), which regulates metabolism, growth, and
development.
3. Enlargement of the thyroid, commonly known as a goiter, might be expected to affect __________.
A. Swallowing
B. Insulin Levels
C. Sleep
D. Digestion
Answer: A. Swallowing
Rationale: A goiter enlarges the thyroid, which is located near the throat and can interfere with
swallowing.
4. Which kinds of muscles are involved in peristalsis?
A. Smooth Muscles
B. Cardiac Muscles
C. Skeletal Muscles
D. Epaxial Muscles
Answer: A. Smooth Muscles
Rationale: Peristalsis, the wave-like contractions that move food through the digestive tract, is carried
out by smooth muscles.
,5. What might an injury to the parietal lobe affect?
A. Breathing
B. Attention
C. Memory
D. Perception
Answer: D. Perception
Rationale: The parietal lobe processes sensory information and is responsible for spatial awareness and
perception.
6. Why might certain young people be underweight?
A. They are growing in height faster than they are gaining weight.
B. They eat little protein and too much fat and sugar.
C. They eat several meals a day and fail to exercise enough.
D. They seldom eat a meal that contains foods from all food groups.
Answer: A. They are growing in height faster than they are gaining weight.
Rationale: Rapid growth in height can temporarily outpace weight gain, leading to underweight
conditions in young people.
7. How does the digestive system work with the urinary system?
A. The digestive system controls the functions of the ureter.
B. The urinary system removes toxins from the products of urination.
C. The digestive system manufactures hormones that influence urination.
D. The urinary system eliminates some waste products of digestion.
Answer: D. The urinary system eliminates some waste products of digestion.
Rationale: The urinary system filters and removes metabolic waste, including byproducts of digestion,
from the bloodstream.
8. Which gland is located superior to the kidney?
A. Pituitary
B. Adrenal
C. Hypothalamus
D. Pancreas
Answer: B. Adrenal
Rationale: The adrenal glands sit on top of the kidneys and secrete hormones such as adrenaline and
cortisol.
9. To what two systems might the urethra belong?
A. Reproductive and Endocrine
,B. Urinary and Reproductive
C. Endocrine and Urinary
D. Digestive and Cardiovascular
Answer: B. Urinary and Reproductive
Rationale: The urethra serves both the urinary system (urine excretion) and the male reproductive
system (semen transport).
10. The axial skeletal system contains all of these except ____________.
A. The Skull
B. The Ribs
C. The Breastbone
D. The Radius
Answer: D. The Radius
Rationale: The radius is part of the appendicular skeleton, not the axial skeleton.
11. Which organ in the human body produces insulin?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Kidney
D. Stomach
Answer: B. Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas contains beta cells in the islets of Langerhans that produce insulin,
which regulates blood sugar levels.
12. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Brainstem
D. Hypothalamus
Answer: B. Cerebellum
Rationale: The cerebellum regulates voluntary movements, posture, balance, and coordination.
13. What is the main function of red blood cells?
A. Fight infections
B. Carry oxygen
C. Clot blood
D. Produce hormones
Answer: B. Carry oxygen
, Rationale: Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and transports it to
tissues.
14. Which of the following is an example of a long bone?
A. Femur
B. Vertebra
C. Carpals
D. Patella
Answer: A. Femur
Rationale: Long bones are longer than they are wide and primarily support weight and facilitate
movement; the femur is the longest long bone in the body.
15. Which type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion?
A. Hinge joint
B. Ball-and-socket joint
C. Pivot joint
D. Gliding joint
Answer: B. Ball-and-socket joint
Rationale: Ball-and-socket joints, such as the shoulder and hip, allow movement in multiple
directions including rotation.
16. Which vitamin is primarily synthesized in the skin when exposed to sunlight?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
Answer: C. Vitamin D
Rationale: Ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight trigger the production of vitamin D in the skin.
17. Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
A. Veins
B. Arteries
C. Capillaries
D. Venules
Answer: B. Arteries
Rationale: Arteries transport oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the tissues.
AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES 2026 LATEST
UPDATE//ALREADY GRADED A+
1. Which is an anterior feature of the human head?
A. The Nose
B. The Ears
C. The Occipital Lobe
D. The Temporal Lobe
Answer: A. The Nose
Rationale: The nose is located on the front (anterior) of the human head, making it an anterior feature.
2. What is the primary hormone secreted by the thyroid?
A. Oxytocin
B. TSH
C. Adrenaline
D. T4 (Thyroxine)
Answer: D. T4 (Thyroxine)
Rationale: The thyroid gland primarily secretes thyroxine (T4), which regulates metabolism, growth, and
development.
3. Enlargement of the thyroid, commonly known as a goiter, might be expected to affect __________.
A. Swallowing
B. Insulin Levels
C. Sleep
D. Digestion
Answer: A. Swallowing
Rationale: A goiter enlarges the thyroid, which is located near the throat and can interfere with
swallowing.
4. Which kinds of muscles are involved in peristalsis?
A. Smooth Muscles
B. Cardiac Muscles
C. Skeletal Muscles
D. Epaxial Muscles
Answer: A. Smooth Muscles
Rationale: Peristalsis, the wave-like contractions that move food through the digestive tract, is carried
out by smooth muscles.
,5. What might an injury to the parietal lobe affect?
A. Breathing
B. Attention
C. Memory
D. Perception
Answer: D. Perception
Rationale: The parietal lobe processes sensory information and is responsible for spatial awareness and
perception.
6. Why might certain young people be underweight?
A. They are growing in height faster than they are gaining weight.
B. They eat little protein and too much fat and sugar.
C. They eat several meals a day and fail to exercise enough.
D. They seldom eat a meal that contains foods from all food groups.
Answer: A. They are growing in height faster than they are gaining weight.
Rationale: Rapid growth in height can temporarily outpace weight gain, leading to underweight
conditions in young people.
7. How does the digestive system work with the urinary system?
A. The digestive system controls the functions of the ureter.
B. The urinary system removes toxins from the products of urination.
C. The digestive system manufactures hormones that influence urination.
D. The urinary system eliminates some waste products of digestion.
Answer: D. The urinary system eliminates some waste products of digestion.
Rationale: The urinary system filters and removes metabolic waste, including byproducts of digestion,
from the bloodstream.
8. Which gland is located superior to the kidney?
A. Pituitary
B. Adrenal
C. Hypothalamus
D. Pancreas
Answer: B. Adrenal
Rationale: The adrenal glands sit on top of the kidneys and secrete hormones such as adrenaline and
cortisol.
9. To what two systems might the urethra belong?
A. Reproductive and Endocrine
,B. Urinary and Reproductive
C. Endocrine and Urinary
D. Digestive and Cardiovascular
Answer: B. Urinary and Reproductive
Rationale: The urethra serves both the urinary system (urine excretion) and the male reproductive
system (semen transport).
10. The axial skeletal system contains all of these except ____________.
A. The Skull
B. The Ribs
C. The Breastbone
D. The Radius
Answer: D. The Radius
Rationale: The radius is part of the appendicular skeleton, not the axial skeleton.
11. Which organ in the human body produces insulin?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Kidney
D. Stomach
Answer: B. Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas contains beta cells in the islets of Langerhans that produce insulin,
which regulates blood sugar levels.
12. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Brainstem
D. Hypothalamus
Answer: B. Cerebellum
Rationale: The cerebellum regulates voluntary movements, posture, balance, and coordination.
13. What is the main function of red blood cells?
A. Fight infections
B. Carry oxygen
C. Clot blood
D. Produce hormones
Answer: B. Carry oxygen
, Rationale: Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and transports it to
tissues.
14. Which of the following is an example of a long bone?
A. Femur
B. Vertebra
C. Carpals
D. Patella
Answer: A. Femur
Rationale: Long bones are longer than they are wide and primarily support weight and facilitate
movement; the femur is the longest long bone in the body.
15. Which type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion?
A. Hinge joint
B. Ball-and-socket joint
C. Pivot joint
D. Gliding joint
Answer: B. Ball-and-socket joint
Rationale: Ball-and-socket joints, such as the shoulder and hip, allow movement in multiple
directions including rotation.
16. Which vitamin is primarily synthesized in the skin when exposed to sunlight?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
Answer: C. Vitamin D
Rationale: Ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight trigger the production of vitamin D in the skin.
17. Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
A. Veins
B. Arteries
C. Capillaries
D. Venules
Answer: B. Arteries
Rationale: Arteries transport oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the tissues.
