Instructor’s Manual bn
bn Chapter One - Introducing Business Research
bn bn bn bn bn
Learning Objectives: bn
At the end of this chapter the student should be able to:
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Outline the model of the research process.
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Outline and briefly explain each of the stages in the research process.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Outline and apply the model of the four frameworks approach to the
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
research project.
bn bn
Understand how research contributes to business success.
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Know how to define business research
bn bn bn bn bn
Research Skills: bn
At the end of this chapter the student should be able to:
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Differentiate between a research idea and a research statement or question.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Outline the steps in the research process.
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Trace the elements of the research process in a given sample project.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Chapter Summary bn
This chapter is the introductory chapter in the textbook. As such it provides
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
some basic information on social research and business research. The two
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
models around which the textbook is structured are introduced and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
explained in this chapter. The two models are the model of the research
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
process and the model of the four frameworks approach to undertaking
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
research. It would be useful to spend some time at this stage developing a
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
thorough understanding of these models, as they are central to the learning
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
experience provided by the textbook.
bn bn bn bn bn
The model of the research process is a simple and very useful way of
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
helping students become familiar with each element of the research
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
process. It is often simply the terminology, and the newness and perhaps
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
the strangeness of the terminology that puts students off research from the
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
start. If they can be encouraged to become familiar with the basic
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
terminology very early on, they will be more confident in their approach to
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
research methods, and in their approach to their own research project.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
The four frameworks approach to the research project is a model developed by
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
1
For use with Business Research Methods 3e, Quinlan, Babin, Carr, Griffin and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Zikmund ISBN 9781473791343 © 2024 Cengage Learning EMEA
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
, Christina Quinlan specifically for students. It is invaluable in terms of providing
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
2
For use with Business Research Methods 3e, Quinlan, Babin, Carr, Griffin and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Zikmund ISBN 9781473791343 © 2024 Cengage Learning EMEA
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
,researchers and student researchers with a framework with which they can
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
quite easily develop appropriately focused research projects. The four
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
frameworks approach to the research project is introduced and clearly
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
explained in this first chapter. It is applied to every step of the research
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
process throughout the textbook. Once again, it is a very simple model. It
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
is worth spending a little time on this chapter in order to become familiar
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
with this model and in order to become comfortable in applying the model
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
to the process of developing a research project.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
The first framework in the four frameworks approach to the research project
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
is the conceptual framework. The conceptual framework is contained in the
bn b n bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
properly articulated research statement or question. The research statement
b n bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
or question contains all of the key concepts in the research project. This
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
conceptual framework for the research project is the framework on which
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
the other three frameworks, the theoretical framework, the methodological
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
framework and the analytical framework, rest. It is a good idea to provide
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
some examples of research statements/questions and to explain how they
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
are in fact conceptual frameworks. It is helpful to explain to students that
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
the key concepts in the conceptual framework are the key words and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
phrases, the important words and phrases, the big words, in the research
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
statement/question. This exercise demonstrates the simplicity and the utility
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
of the four frameworks approach, and it gives students confidence in their
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
already growing abilities in the field of research methods.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
There is an introduction to business research and business research is
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
simply defined as the application of social science research methods in the
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
process of examining business phenomena. Applied business research and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
basic business research are differentiated and defined. Applied business
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
research, as the chapter explains, is conducted to address a specific
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
business decision for a specific firm or organization. Basic business
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
research (sometimes referred to as pure research) is conducted without a
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
specific decision in mind, and it usually does not address the needs of a
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
specific organization. It attempts to expand the limits of knowledge in
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
general, and as such it is not aimed at solving a particular pragmatic
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
problem.
bn
There is a discussion in the chapter of business research in the twenty-first
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
century, a discussion of communication technologies and their use in
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
business research, and there is a discussion of global business research.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
The ways through which a proposed research project can be said to be
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
researchable, ‘the test of researchability’ is explained. This is a very simple
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
very useful test for students to learn and use in order to determine whether
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
or not their proposed research project is in fact researchable. A project is
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
researchable if the researcher has the time needed to carry out the
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
research, the money needed (if
bn bn bn bn bn
3
For use with Business Research Methods 3e, Quinlan, Babin, Carr, Griffin and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Zikmund ISBN 9781473791343 © 2024 Cengage Learning EMEA
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
, any money is needed) to carry out the research, and access to the data
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
necessary for the research.
bn bn bn bn
The chapter provides an introduction to the structure of a research
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
project, the structure of a thesis. The student will find the simple and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
comprehensive guide provided extremely useful.
bn bn bn bn bn
The chapter provides a very brief introduction to the subject of ethics in
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
research. This is useful. It is a simple and easy introduction to research
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
ethics. The issues highlighted in the brief introduction, issues such as
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
researcher integrity and the protection of research participants, can be used a
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
good discussion points in seminars and they can be used as starting points
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
in students’ reflections on business research generally and on the ethics of
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
their own research or their proposed research.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
There is a brief introduction to research methodology and to data collection
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
methods. These topics are covered in detail in Chapter Eight, while
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
subsequent chapters focus on the data collection methods of observation,
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
interviews and focus groups, and questionnaires and scales. One of the
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
key strengths of this textbook is the breath of the range of methodologies
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
and data collection methods it details, explains and illustrates. The sample
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
research projects presented throughout the textbook provide imaginative,
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
interesting and engaging examples of the application of the broadest range
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
of methodologies and methods in business research projects. The hope is
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
that these will encourage business students to devise and develop excellent
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
research projects through the creative application of these methodologies
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
and methods.
bn bn
The article at the end of Chapter One is a good example of the kind of
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
sample research projects presented in every chapter of the textbook. This
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
article explores an interesting outline of the use of a social media strategy
bn b n bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
in the marketing of a Bollywood movie. The journal article is a good
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
example of a research project that has a well-structured and well-written
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
literature review. The research was developed using an interesting research
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
methodology, case study methodology, and the data collection methods
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
used in the research project are clearly detailed, as are the data analysis
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
methods used. The conclusions drawn from the research are clearly and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
simply outlined and explained. How theory influences research In the article
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
examined here (Nanda, Pattnaik and Lu, 2018, ‘Innovation in social media
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
strategy for movie success: A study of the Bollywood movie industry’,
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Management Decision, 56(1): 233–251), the authors develop an in-depth
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
and comprehensive case study to examine the promotional strategies
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
adopted through YouTube, Facebook and X (formally Twitter) throughout the
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
life cycle of a Bollywood movie and its impact on the box office success of
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
the movie. Social media is a key concept in this research. It is interesting
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
to note how the authors use this key concept to facilitate the development
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
4
For use with Business Research Methods 3e, Quinlan, Babin, Carr, Griffin and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Zikmund ISBN 9781473791343 © 2024 Cengage Learning EMEA
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
bn Chapter One - Introducing Business Research
bn bn bn bn bn
Learning Objectives: bn
At the end of this chapter the student should be able to:
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Outline the model of the research process.
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Outline and briefly explain each of the stages in the research process.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Outline and apply the model of the four frameworks approach to the
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
research project.
bn bn
Understand how research contributes to business success.
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Know how to define business research
bn bn bn bn bn
Research Skills: bn
At the end of this chapter the student should be able to:
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Differentiate between a research idea and a research statement or question.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Outline the steps in the research process.
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Trace the elements of the research process in a given sample project.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Chapter Summary bn
This chapter is the introductory chapter in the textbook. As such it provides
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
some basic information on social research and business research. The two
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
models around which the textbook is structured are introduced and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
explained in this chapter. The two models are the model of the research
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
process and the model of the four frameworks approach to undertaking
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
research. It would be useful to spend some time at this stage developing a
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
thorough understanding of these models, as they are central to the learning
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
experience provided by the textbook.
bn bn bn bn bn
The model of the research process is a simple and very useful way of
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
helping students become familiar with each element of the research
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
process. It is often simply the terminology, and the newness and perhaps
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
the strangeness of the terminology that puts students off research from the
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
start. If they can be encouraged to become familiar with the basic
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
terminology very early on, they will be more confident in their approach to
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
research methods, and in their approach to their own research project.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
The four frameworks approach to the research project is a model developed by
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
1
For use with Business Research Methods 3e, Quinlan, Babin, Carr, Griffin and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Zikmund ISBN 9781473791343 © 2024 Cengage Learning EMEA
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
, Christina Quinlan specifically for students. It is invaluable in terms of providing
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
2
For use with Business Research Methods 3e, Quinlan, Babin, Carr, Griffin and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Zikmund ISBN 9781473791343 © 2024 Cengage Learning EMEA
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
,researchers and student researchers with a framework with which they can
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
quite easily develop appropriately focused research projects. The four
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
frameworks approach to the research project is introduced and clearly
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
explained in this first chapter. It is applied to every step of the research
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
process throughout the textbook. Once again, it is a very simple model. It
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
is worth spending a little time on this chapter in order to become familiar
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
with this model and in order to become comfortable in applying the model
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
to the process of developing a research project.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
The first framework in the four frameworks approach to the research project
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
is the conceptual framework. The conceptual framework is contained in the
bn b n bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
properly articulated research statement or question. The research statement
b n bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
or question contains all of the key concepts in the research project. This
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
conceptual framework for the research project is the framework on which
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
the other three frameworks, the theoretical framework, the methodological
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
framework and the analytical framework, rest. It is a good idea to provide
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
some examples of research statements/questions and to explain how they
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
are in fact conceptual frameworks. It is helpful to explain to students that
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
the key concepts in the conceptual framework are the key words and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
phrases, the important words and phrases, the big words, in the research
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
statement/question. This exercise demonstrates the simplicity and the utility
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
of the four frameworks approach, and it gives students confidence in their
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
already growing abilities in the field of research methods.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
There is an introduction to business research and business research is
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
simply defined as the application of social science research methods in the
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
process of examining business phenomena. Applied business research and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
basic business research are differentiated and defined. Applied business
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
research, as the chapter explains, is conducted to address a specific
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
business decision for a specific firm or organization. Basic business
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
research (sometimes referred to as pure research) is conducted without a
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
specific decision in mind, and it usually does not address the needs of a
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
specific organization. It attempts to expand the limits of knowledge in
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
general, and as such it is not aimed at solving a particular pragmatic
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
problem.
bn
There is a discussion in the chapter of business research in the twenty-first
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
century, a discussion of communication technologies and their use in
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
business research, and there is a discussion of global business research.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
The ways through which a proposed research project can be said to be
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
researchable, ‘the test of researchability’ is explained. This is a very simple
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
very useful test for students to learn and use in order to determine whether
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
or not their proposed research project is in fact researchable. A project is
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
researchable if the researcher has the time needed to carry out the
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
research, the money needed (if
bn bn bn bn bn
3
For use with Business Research Methods 3e, Quinlan, Babin, Carr, Griffin and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Zikmund ISBN 9781473791343 © 2024 Cengage Learning EMEA
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
, any money is needed) to carry out the research, and access to the data
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
necessary for the research.
bn bn bn bn
The chapter provides an introduction to the structure of a research
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
project, the structure of a thesis. The student will find the simple and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
comprehensive guide provided extremely useful.
bn bn bn bn bn
The chapter provides a very brief introduction to the subject of ethics in
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
research. This is useful. It is a simple and easy introduction to research
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
ethics. The issues highlighted in the brief introduction, issues such as
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
researcher integrity and the protection of research participants, can be used a
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
good discussion points in seminars and they can be used as starting points
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
in students’ reflections on business research generally and on the ethics of
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
their own research or their proposed research.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
There is a brief introduction to research methodology and to data collection
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
methods. These topics are covered in detail in Chapter Eight, while
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
subsequent chapters focus on the data collection methods of observation,
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
interviews and focus groups, and questionnaires and scales. One of the
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
key strengths of this textbook is the breath of the range of methodologies
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
and data collection methods it details, explains and illustrates. The sample
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
research projects presented throughout the textbook provide imaginative,
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
interesting and engaging examples of the application of the broadest range
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
of methodologies and methods in business research projects. The hope is
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
that these will encourage business students to devise and develop excellent
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
research projects through the creative application of these methodologies
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and methods.
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The article at the end of Chapter One is a good example of the kind of
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sample research projects presented in every chapter of the textbook. This
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article explores an interesting outline of the use of a social media strategy
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in the marketing of a Bollywood movie. The journal article is a good
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example of a research project that has a well-structured and well-written
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literature review. The research was developed using an interesting research
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methodology, case study methodology, and the data collection methods
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used in the research project are clearly detailed, as are the data analysis
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methods used. The conclusions drawn from the research are clearly and
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simply outlined and explained. How theory influences research In the article
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examined here (Nanda, Pattnaik and Lu, 2018, ‘Innovation in social media
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strategy for movie success: A study of the Bollywood movie industry’,
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Management Decision, 56(1): 233–251), the authors develop an in-depth
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and comprehensive case study to examine the promotional strategies
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adopted through YouTube, Facebook and X (formally Twitter) throughout the
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life cycle of a Bollywood movie and its impact on the box office success of
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the movie. Social media is a key concept in this research. It is interesting
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to note how the authors use this key concept to facilitate the development
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4
For use with Business Research Methods 3e, Quinlan, Babin, Carr, Griffin and
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Zikmund ISBN 9781473791343 © 2024 Cengage Learning EMEA
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