QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025/2026 ALL GRADED A+
✔✔Aids the motor cortex of the cerebrum in the integration of voluntary movement -
✔✔Cerebellum
✔✔Pathway between the cerebral cortex and spinal cord and it controls many
involuntary functions - ✔✔Brainstem
✔✔Respiratory circulatory and vasomotor Activities has his respiratory center, reflexes
of swallowing coughing vomiting sneezing and hiccuping - ✔✔Medulla oblongata
✔✔Reflexes of pupillary action and eye movement regulates respiration houses a
portion of the respiratory center - ✔✔Pons
✔✔reflex center for eye and head movements Auditory relay pathway - ✔✔midbrain
✔✔Relays impulses between cerebrum cerebellum pons and medulla, conveys all
sensory impulses to and from cerebrum before their distribution to appropriate
associative sensory areas - ✔✔diencephalon
✔✔Sexual development and behavior - ✔✔Epithalamus
✔✔Major processing center of internal stimuli for autonomic nervous system, maintains
temp control water metabolism body fluid osmolarity feeding behavior and
Neuroendocrine activity - ✔✔Hypothalamus
✔✔Hormonal control of growth lactation vasoconstriction and metabolism - ✔✔Pituitary
gland
✔✔Sensory: Smell reception and interpretation - ✔✔Olfactory (CNI)
✔✔Sensory visual acuity and visual fields - ✔✔Optic (II)
✔✔Motor: Raise eyelids, most extraocular movements
Parasympathetic: Pupillary constriction, change lens shape - ✔✔oculomotor (CNIII)
✔✔Motor: downward, inward eye movement - ✔✔Trochlear (IV)
✔✔Motor: Jaw opening and clenching, chewing and mastication
Sensory: Sensation to cornea, iris, lacrimal glands, conjunctiva, eyelids, forehead, nose,
nasal and mouth mucosa, teeth, tongue, ear, facial skin - ✔✔Trigeminal (CNV)
, ✔✔Motor: lateral eye movement - ✔✔Abducens (VI)
✔✔Motor movement of facial expression muscles except jaw, close eyelids, labial
speech sounds - ✔✔Facial nerve (VII)
✔✔Sensory: hearing and equilibrium - ✔✔Acoustic nerve (CN VIII)
✔✔Motor: Voluntary muscles for swallowing and phonation
Sensory: Sensation of nasopharynx, gag reflex, taste-posterior one third of tongue
Parasympathetic: Secretion of salivary glands, carotid reflex - ✔✔Glossopharyngeal
(CNIX)
✔✔Sensory sensation behind ear and part of external ear canal - ✔✔Vague (X)
✔✔Motor turn head of shrugged shoulders some actions for phonation - ✔✔Spinal
accessory (XI)
✔✔Motor: tongue movement for speech sound articulation and swallowing -
✔✔Hypoglossal (XII)
✔✔Naturally occurring barrier created by the modification of brain capillaries that
prevents many substances from leaving the blood and crossing the capillary walls into
the brain tissues - ✔✔Blood brain barrier
✔✔Protects the brain and spinal cord against chemical and physical injuries and carries
oxygen and glucose and other needed chemicals from the blood to neurons and tissues
- ✔✔Cerebrospinal fluid
✔✔Body becomes rigid for a moment no more than 30 seconds, breathing may stop
patient may bite their tongue and bowel and bladder control could stop - ✔✔Tonic
phase
✔✔The body jerks about violently, usually for no more than 1 or 2 minutes (may last 5
min). the pt may foam at the mouth and drool. Face and lips cyanotic - ✔✔Clonic phase
✔✔Coma followed by confusion and lethargy - ✔✔Postictal state
✔✔Occur when a thrombus or embolism interrupts the blood supply oxygen and
nutrients to the brain and brain cells die - ✔✔Ischemic stroke
✔✔15% of hemorrhagic stroke's often with in the distribution of the anterior circulation of
the brain brain cells die due to the bleeding into or around the brain - ✔✔Intracerebral or
subarachnoid