Chem 1020 Test 1 2025/2026 Exam
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What happens in a spontaneous reaction? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the total
entropy of the universe must increase.
Change in Free Energy - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-tells position and direction of a
reaction
-easier to calculate than entropy
1st law of thermodynamics - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the energy of the universe is
constant. (any energy lost by system is gained by surroundings and vice
versa)
2nd law of thermodynamics - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the entropy of the universe
increases in any spontaneous process
,3rd law of thermodynamics - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the entropy of a perfectly
ordered crystalline substance at 0 K is 0.
entropy - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔a measure of how dispersed (Random) the
energy in a system is at a specific temperature
Gibbs free energy equation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
Why is free energy important? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔shows when a reaction is
spontaneous
Exothermic Reaction feels... - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔hot (reaction gives off heat
and surroundings get warm)
Endothermic reaction feels... - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔cold (reaction takes in heat
and surroundings get cold)
equation of energy - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔delta E= w + q
-since energy is neither created nor destroyed, the energy of the system
must equal the work done on or by the system plus the heat gained or lost
by the system
Work equation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔w=-PdeltaV
,What happens to volume when work is done on system? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔When work is done on system (+) the volume contracts (less gas) and
surroundings are larger
What happens to volume when work is done by system? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔When work is done by system (-) the volume expands (more gas) and
the surroundings are smaller
If heat enters system - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔q (+), endothermic (cold
surroundings)
if heat leaves system - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔q (-), exothermic (hot surroundings)
spontaneous reaction - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔proceeds on its own without
continuous external influence under a given set of conditions
-may need a spark to initiate
-ex: diamond conversion to black carbon, rusting, combustion, cold pack
reaction
non spontaneous reaction - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔only proceeds in the presence
of a continuous external influence
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STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, If a process is spontaneous in one direction... - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔...it will be
non-spontaneous in the other (irreversible)
How does sign and magnitude of enthalpy change affect spontaneity? - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔sign and magnitude of enthalpy change affect but do not
determine spontaneity
how is spontaneity determined? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔spontaneity is determined
by comparing the free energy of the system before and after the reaction
-spontaneous reactions move systems towards a lower free energy position
-always moves toward a state of lower energy (more stable state)
enthalpy - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔a measure of the total energy of a system; the
sum of the internal energy and the pressure volume product of a system
Positive entropy is likely to be? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Spontaneous!
Delta S universe= Delta S system + Delta S surroundings >0
Entropy changes with: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-increasing temp (high temp=
moving faster)
-increasing volume (more room to move)
-increasing number of independent particles (more collisions/ stuff)
Questions and Answers 100%
Guaranteed Success | Already Rated A+
What happens in a spontaneous reaction? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the total
entropy of the universe must increase.
Change in Free Energy - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-tells position and direction of a
reaction
-easier to calculate than entropy
1st law of thermodynamics - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the energy of the universe is
constant. (any energy lost by system is gained by surroundings and vice
versa)
2nd law of thermodynamics - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the entropy of the universe
increases in any spontaneous process
,3rd law of thermodynamics - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the entropy of a perfectly
ordered crystalline substance at 0 K is 0.
entropy - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔a measure of how dispersed (Random) the
energy in a system is at a specific temperature
Gibbs free energy equation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
Why is free energy important? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔shows when a reaction is
spontaneous
Exothermic Reaction feels... - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔hot (reaction gives off heat
and surroundings get warm)
Endothermic reaction feels... - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔cold (reaction takes in heat
and surroundings get cold)
equation of energy - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔delta E= w + q
-since energy is neither created nor destroyed, the energy of the system
must equal the work done on or by the system plus the heat gained or lost
by the system
Work equation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔w=-PdeltaV
,What happens to volume when work is done on system? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔When work is done on system (+) the volume contracts (less gas) and
surroundings are larger
What happens to volume when work is done by system? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔When work is done by system (-) the volume expands (more gas) and
the surroundings are smaller
If heat enters system - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔q (+), endothermic (cold
surroundings)
if heat leaves system - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔q (-), exothermic (hot surroundings)
spontaneous reaction - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔proceeds on its own without
continuous external influence under a given set of conditions
-may need a spark to initiate
-ex: diamond conversion to black carbon, rusting, combustion, cold pack
reaction
non spontaneous reaction - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔only proceeds in the presence
of a continuous external influence
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, If a process is spontaneous in one direction... - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔...it will be
non-spontaneous in the other (irreversible)
How does sign and magnitude of enthalpy change affect spontaneity? - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔sign and magnitude of enthalpy change affect but do not
determine spontaneity
how is spontaneity determined? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔spontaneity is determined
by comparing the free energy of the system before and after the reaction
-spontaneous reactions move systems towards a lower free energy position
-always moves toward a state of lower energy (more stable state)
enthalpy - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔a measure of the total energy of a system; the
sum of the internal energy and the pressure volume product of a system
Positive entropy is likely to be? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Spontaneous!
Delta S universe= Delta S system + Delta S surroundings >0
Entropy changes with: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-increasing temp (high temp=
moving faster)
-increasing volume (more room to move)
-increasing number of independent particles (more collisions/ stuff)
