AJ
Anatomy&Physiology A
J A
J
Fourth Edition
AJ
Elaine N. MariebAJ AJ
Katja AJ
HoehnAJ
This A J Test A J Bank A J is A J adapted A J from A J the
Human A J Anatomy A J & A J Physiology, A J Eighth
A J Edition AJTest AJBank AJby AJJerri AJK. AJLindsey.
,Editor-in-Chief: AJSerina AJBeauparlant
AJProject AJEditor: AJKaty AJGerman
AJManaging AJEditor: AJDeborah AJCogan
Production AJManager: AJMichele AJMangelli
AJProduction AJSupervisor: AJLeslie AJAustin
AJComposition: AJTamarack AJSoftware
AJProofreader: AJMartha AJGhent
Cover AJDesign: AJRiezebos AJHolzbaur AJDesign
AJGroup AJSenior AJManufacturing AJBuyer: AJStacey
AJWeinberger AJMarketing AJManager: AJDerek
AJPerrigo
Cover AJCredit: AJ Electronic AJ Publishing AJ Services, AJ Inc.
Copyright A J © A J 2011, A J 2008, A J 2005 A J by A J Pearson A J Education, A J Inc., A J publishing A J as A J Benjamin
A J Cummings, A J 1301 A J Sansome A J St., A J San A J Francisco, A J CA A J 94111. A J All A J rights A J reserved. A J Manufactured
A J in A J the A J United A J States A J of A J America. A J This A J publication A J is A J protected A J by A J Copyright A J and
A J permission A J should A J be A J obtained A J from A J the A J publisher A J prior A J to A J any A J prohibited A J reproduction,
A J storage A J in A J a A J retrieval A J system, A J or A J transmission A J in A J any A J form A J or A J by A J any A J means,
A J electronic, A J mechanical, A J photocopying, A J recording, A J or A J likewise. A J To A J obtain A J permission(s) A J to A J use
A J material A J from A J this A J work, A J please A J submit A J a A J written A J request A J to A J Pearson A J Education, A J Inc.,
A J Permissions A J Department, A J 1900 A J E. A J Lake A J Ave., A J Glenview, A J IL A J 60025. A J For A J information A J regarding
A J permissions, AJcall AJ(847) AJ486-2635.
Many A J of A J the A J designations A J used A J by A J manufacturers A J and A J sellers A J to A J distinguish A J their A J products A J are
A J claimed A J as A J trademarks. A J Where A J those A J designations A J appear A J in A J this A J book, A J and A J the A J publisher A J was
A J aware A J of A J a A J trademark A J claim, A J the A J designations AJhave AJbeen AJprinted AJin AJinitial AJcaps AJor AJall AJcaps.
ISBN AJ 10: AJ0-321-66100-1; AJ ISBN AJ 13: AJ 978-0-321-66100-5
Contents
, Preface iv
Chapter A J 1 The A J Human A J Body: A J An A J Orientation 1
Chapter A J 2 Chemistry A J Comes A J Alive 19
Chapter A J 3 Cells: AJThe AJLiving AJUnits 40
Chapter A J 4 Tissue: AJThe AJLiving AJFabric 59
Chapter A J 5 The AJIntegumentary AJSystem 76
Chapter A J 6 Bones AJand AJSkeletal AJ Tissue 95
Chapter A J 7 The AJSkeleton 111
Chapter A J 8 Joints 128
Chapter A J 9 Muscles AJand AJMuscle AJTissue 144
Chapter A J 10 The AJ Muscular AJ System 165
Chapter A J 11 Fundamentals A J of A J the A J Nervous A J System A J and AJ Nervous A J Tissue 183
Chapter A J 12 The AJCentral AJ Nervous AJ System 200
Chapter A J 13 The AJPeripheral AJNervous AJSystem AJand AJReflex AJActivity 224
Chapter A J 14 The AJAutonomic AJNervous AJSystem 250
Chapter A J 15 The AJEndocrine AJSystem 265
Chapter A J 16 Blood 285
Chapter A J 17 The AJCardiovascular AJSystem: AJThe AJHeart 303
Chapter A J 18 The AJCardiovascular AJSystem: AJBlood AJVessels 321
Chapter A J 19 The AJLymphatic AJ System AJ and AJ Lymphoid AJ Organs AJ and AJ Tissues 341
Chapter A J 20 The AJImmune AJSystem: AJInnate AJand AJAdaptive AJBody AJDefenses 354
Chapter A J 21 The AJRespiratory AJSystem 373
Chapter A J 22 The AJ Digestive AJ System 393
Chapter A J 23 Nutrition, AJMetabolism, AJand AJBody AJTemperature AJRegulation 417
Chapter A J 24 The AJUrinary AJSystem 436
Chapter A J 25 Fluid, AJElectrolyte, AJand AJAcid-Base AJBalance 454
Chapter A J 26 The AJReproductive AJSystem 470
iii