Topics and Enquiry Case Study with facts and gures Links to other
Question to which themes within HHR
case studies go with
EQ1: Human Sharia Law (non-secular approach to governance) focusing on the extreme reading of the Quran in order to make laws
development not only - Prohibition of the riba (interests) e.g Egypt nancial institutions provide loans with no interests)
measured: economy However: justify an authoritarian approach e.g Afghanistan ranked last/156 countries in gender equality female literacy: fell 40%
EQ1: Education and - Investment in female education is shown to improve health and child mortality between 15-20% over two decades EQ1:SDG linked to
economic dev. - UNESCO sees education as the main ‘driver’ of development, suggests targets to include at least 4-5% GDP on education education / equality
EQ1: Variations in Variations between developing and developed countries (Polio disease) EQ2: Di erence in
health/life - Polio is a communicable disease causing lifelong paralysis, vaccine developed 1950, 1988 polio cases have fallen by 99% (2022: rights are re ected in
expectancy in the endemic polio Afghanistan and Pakistan) / TB contagious infection associated with overcrowding/poverty declared a ‘global di erent levels of
developed world emergency’ in 1993 by WHO China/India largest a ected 2020 1.3M and 1.9M (tackling TB remains a SDG) health and education
and within countries Within Countries (Aboriginal peoples in Australia)
Index of Multiple
-Indigenous people make up 3% of Australia’s population
Deprivation 2015 (37
-Life expectancy indigenous (73.7 women 69 men) non-indigenous (84.3 women 79.9 men) indicators) shows that
-Infant mortality rates are x2 in indigenous areas/Income 38% lower/Obesity 30% higher for children, Type 2 diabetes more common 98% of the most
2009 ‘Closing the Gap’: Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) focused on preventing discrimination /social justice 1998-2012 deprived areas are
infant notability rates for ATSI infants fell by 64%/ death rates for circulatory diseases fell by 45% cities (Liverpool,
Within Countries (the UK) Manchester in
-Scotland shortest life expectancy 76 years national average 78 England)
-Wales has the largest number of males drinking every day (11%) proportion of male obesity 26.6%/ 18.7% for women
-England slightly higher proportion of spending on healthcare (23%)
- London 44% enter higher education, 30% from rural areas
EQ1:Govt role in Welfare states (high levels of social spending) EQ2: the degree of
de ning France: state funded healthcare (11.5% GDP spent, 4th highest proportion in G20), pensions high someone who has worked 40 freedom varies
development targets years received £15,000, education is high £8500 per student (compared to £3750 in UK rural areas) compared between
through budgets Saudi Arabia healthcare is 80% state funded (oil reserves nationalised = 97% of exports), education standards low, jobs are taken by authoritarian and
democratic states
overseas employers (expats), pensions = £400/month for 12 months, unemployment is 12% (though only 22% women work)
EQ1: IGOs role in World Trade Organisation (WTO) operated since 1995: regulates world trade between counties and promoting trade liberalisation
de ning - However policies encourage countries to damage the environment
development targets UN Educational, Scienti c and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) 1223 sites globally (168 countries) in world heritage list, 952
cultural, 231 natural and 40 mixed properties.
World Bank (part of UN lends money to emerging and developing countries)
- Global Partnership for Education (GPE) 2002 in order to achieve MDG2 and 3, invested over $35M in education programmes
- Climate Change Action Plan 2016 aims provide ooding early warning systems for 100M people for 40 countries
- World Bank and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation fund malaria eradication campaign Zambia
International Monetary Fund (IMF) reduce the risk of market crashes/recessions
- Poverty Reduction Programmes helps countries develop through aid (aims to make Haiti an emerging economy by 2030)
, Topics and Enquiry Case Study with facts and gures Links to other
Question to which themes within HHR
case studies go with
EQ1: UN (MDG) and The (8) Millennium Development Goals with 2015 deadline, followed by the Sustainable Development Goals (17 goals) 2030
(SDG) - SDG3 (Good Health and Well-being) aims to reduce maternal mortality less than 70% per 100,000
- SDG1 (No poverty) / SDG 5 Gender Equality)
Millennium Development Goals successes and failures (mainly as they are not legally binding):
- MDG1 (eradicate extreme poverty and hunger) By 2015 the people living in less than US$1.25/day fell to 14% and the proportion of
undernourished fell by 12.9% (Yet, not met globally = 836M living below poverty line (sub-Saharan Africa/ Western Asia)
- MDG2 (universal primary education) 2015 primary schools enrolment relates reached 91%, sub-Saharan countries reaching 80%
(However, 57M primary-aged children were still not attending school)
- MDG6 (improve healthcare HVI/AIDs, malaria, diseases) 2000-2015 6.2M malaria deaths were preventing, reducing occurrence by
37% / HIV infections fell by 30% and distribution of treatments increased 6x (Despite improvement new diseases such as Ebola)
EQ2: International The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 is a framework for foreign policy to explain economic or military intervention
agreement UDHR - De nes ‘fundamental freedoms’ and ‘human rights’ such as no torture, freedom expression, public trials, right to education
- Translated into 500 languages, drafted by representatives with di erent legal, cultural, backgrounds from all religions
Limitation: it is a declaration no a treaty so it is not legally binding
- Although 48/58 members votes in favour USSR and Saudi Arabia/Iran abstained (USSR considered that it didn’t condemn Fascism
and Nazism enough, Saudi Arabia and Iran claimed that it violated Sharia Law)
- Some rights are di cult to de ned / ‘Authoritarian’ countries increased e.g slavery in Mauritania where 1-17% of pop are slaves
EQ2: International The European Convention on Human Rights 1950, in response to violations of HR in WW2 and post-war spread of communism
agreement ECHR - Has 47 signatures (every state except Belarus- withdrew to bring death penalty)
- Aims to achieve ‘greater unity’ ‘protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms’(anyone can bring a case to court:<700,000)
Limitation of the ECHR:
- Erodes national sovereignty and self/determination (rulings override national decisions) e.g ECHR was integrated into the BR law as
part of the 1998 Human Rights Act and in 2015 the UK govt called for something ‘more British’
- John Hirst (axe killer) sued BR govt to demand that prisoners get the vote and won his case under ECHR
- Court rulings can be timely due to case overload
EQ2: International The Geneva Convention 1949
agreement Geneva - 4 treaties and three protocols that establish the standards of international law for humanitarian treatment in war e.g Article 3
Convention prohibits tortures, hostage and degrading treatment
- Helps de ne war crimes as ‘’wilful killing, torture or inhuman treatments’ under Article 147 of the Fourth Geneva Convention
- Signed by 196 counties (almost universally rati ed) Although not all have agreed to the 1977 and 2005 protocols
EQ2: War Crimes: Khmer Rouge Tribunal: Court established in 1997 by UN & Royal Government of Cambodia (hybrid court): Charge humanity/war
Khmer Rouge crimes committed during the Cambodian genocide (Led by Pol Pot 1975-79) e.g Nuon Chea deputy to Pol Pot, 2018 sentenced to
Tribunal / Darfur life in prison. H) Criticised for limited scope/length trials mid-low level perpetrators not brought to trial, challenges gathering evidence
Genocide Darfur Genocide: Omar Hassan Ahamed Bashir (President of Sudan) Indicted by the international criminal court 2009 (mass killing,
rape, pillage against civilians in Darfur. 2010 ICC issued a second warrant with 3 further charges, Sudanese govt failed to recognise it
Question to which themes within HHR
case studies go with
EQ1: Human Sharia Law (non-secular approach to governance) focusing on the extreme reading of the Quran in order to make laws
development not only - Prohibition of the riba (interests) e.g Egypt nancial institutions provide loans with no interests)
measured: economy However: justify an authoritarian approach e.g Afghanistan ranked last/156 countries in gender equality female literacy: fell 40%
EQ1: Education and - Investment in female education is shown to improve health and child mortality between 15-20% over two decades EQ1:SDG linked to
economic dev. - UNESCO sees education as the main ‘driver’ of development, suggests targets to include at least 4-5% GDP on education education / equality
EQ1: Variations in Variations between developing and developed countries (Polio disease) EQ2: Di erence in
health/life - Polio is a communicable disease causing lifelong paralysis, vaccine developed 1950, 1988 polio cases have fallen by 99% (2022: rights are re ected in
expectancy in the endemic polio Afghanistan and Pakistan) / TB contagious infection associated with overcrowding/poverty declared a ‘global di erent levels of
developed world emergency’ in 1993 by WHO China/India largest a ected 2020 1.3M and 1.9M (tackling TB remains a SDG) health and education
and within countries Within Countries (Aboriginal peoples in Australia)
Index of Multiple
-Indigenous people make up 3% of Australia’s population
Deprivation 2015 (37
-Life expectancy indigenous (73.7 women 69 men) non-indigenous (84.3 women 79.9 men) indicators) shows that
-Infant mortality rates are x2 in indigenous areas/Income 38% lower/Obesity 30% higher for children, Type 2 diabetes more common 98% of the most
2009 ‘Closing the Gap’: Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) focused on preventing discrimination /social justice 1998-2012 deprived areas are
infant notability rates for ATSI infants fell by 64%/ death rates for circulatory diseases fell by 45% cities (Liverpool,
Within Countries (the UK) Manchester in
-Scotland shortest life expectancy 76 years national average 78 England)
-Wales has the largest number of males drinking every day (11%) proportion of male obesity 26.6%/ 18.7% for women
-England slightly higher proportion of spending on healthcare (23%)
- London 44% enter higher education, 30% from rural areas
EQ1:Govt role in Welfare states (high levels of social spending) EQ2: the degree of
de ning France: state funded healthcare (11.5% GDP spent, 4th highest proportion in G20), pensions high someone who has worked 40 freedom varies
development targets years received £15,000, education is high £8500 per student (compared to £3750 in UK rural areas) compared between
through budgets Saudi Arabia healthcare is 80% state funded (oil reserves nationalised = 97% of exports), education standards low, jobs are taken by authoritarian and
democratic states
overseas employers (expats), pensions = £400/month for 12 months, unemployment is 12% (though only 22% women work)
EQ1: IGOs role in World Trade Organisation (WTO) operated since 1995: regulates world trade between counties and promoting trade liberalisation
de ning - However policies encourage countries to damage the environment
development targets UN Educational, Scienti c and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) 1223 sites globally (168 countries) in world heritage list, 952
cultural, 231 natural and 40 mixed properties.
World Bank (part of UN lends money to emerging and developing countries)
- Global Partnership for Education (GPE) 2002 in order to achieve MDG2 and 3, invested over $35M in education programmes
- Climate Change Action Plan 2016 aims provide ooding early warning systems for 100M people for 40 countries
- World Bank and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation fund malaria eradication campaign Zambia
International Monetary Fund (IMF) reduce the risk of market crashes/recessions
- Poverty Reduction Programmes helps countries develop through aid (aims to make Haiti an emerging economy by 2030)
, Topics and Enquiry Case Study with facts and gures Links to other
Question to which themes within HHR
case studies go with
EQ1: UN (MDG) and The (8) Millennium Development Goals with 2015 deadline, followed by the Sustainable Development Goals (17 goals) 2030
(SDG) - SDG3 (Good Health and Well-being) aims to reduce maternal mortality less than 70% per 100,000
- SDG1 (No poverty) / SDG 5 Gender Equality)
Millennium Development Goals successes and failures (mainly as they are not legally binding):
- MDG1 (eradicate extreme poverty and hunger) By 2015 the people living in less than US$1.25/day fell to 14% and the proportion of
undernourished fell by 12.9% (Yet, not met globally = 836M living below poverty line (sub-Saharan Africa/ Western Asia)
- MDG2 (universal primary education) 2015 primary schools enrolment relates reached 91%, sub-Saharan countries reaching 80%
(However, 57M primary-aged children were still not attending school)
- MDG6 (improve healthcare HVI/AIDs, malaria, diseases) 2000-2015 6.2M malaria deaths were preventing, reducing occurrence by
37% / HIV infections fell by 30% and distribution of treatments increased 6x (Despite improvement new diseases such as Ebola)
EQ2: International The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 is a framework for foreign policy to explain economic or military intervention
agreement UDHR - De nes ‘fundamental freedoms’ and ‘human rights’ such as no torture, freedom expression, public trials, right to education
- Translated into 500 languages, drafted by representatives with di erent legal, cultural, backgrounds from all religions
Limitation: it is a declaration no a treaty so it is not legally binding
- Although 48/58 members votes in favour USSR and Saudi Arabia/Iran abstained (USSR considered that it didn’t condemn Fascism
and Nazism enough, Saudi Arabia and Iran claimed that it violated Sharia Law)
- Some rights are di cult to de ned / ‘Authoritarian’ countries increased e.g slavery in Mauritania where 1-17% of pop are slaves
EQ2: International The European Convention on Human Rights 1950, in response to violations of HR in WW2 and post-war spread of communism
agreement ECHR - Has 47 signatures (every state except Belarus- withdrew to bring death penalty)
- Aims to achieve ‘greater unity’ ‘protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms’(anyone can bring a case to court:<700,000)
Limitation of the ECHR:
- Erodes national sovereignty and self/determination (rulings override national decisions) e.g ECHR was integrated into the BR law as
part of the 1998 Human Rights Act and in 2015 the UK govt called for something ‘more British’
- John Hirst (axe killer) sued BR govt to demand that prisoners get the vote and won his case under ECHR
- Court rulings can be timely due to case overload
EQ2: International The Geneva Convention 1949
agreement Geneva - 4 treaties and three protocols that establish the standards of international law for humanitarian treatment in war e.g Article 3
Convention prohibits tortures, hostage and degrading treatment
- Helps de ne war crimes as ‘’wilful killing, torture or inhuman treatments’ under Article 147 of the Fourth Geneva Convention
- Signed by 196 counties (almost universally rati ed) Although not all have agreed to the 1977 and 2005 protocols
EQ2: War Crimes: Khmer Rouge Tribunal: Court established in 1997 by UN & Royal Government of Cambodia (hybrid court): Charge humanity/war
Khmer Rouge crimes committed during the Cambodian genocide (Led by Pol Pot 1975-79) e.g Nuon Chea deputy to Pol Pot, 2018 sentenced to
Tribunal / Darfur life in prison. H) Criticised for limited scope/length trials mid-low level perpetrators not brought to trial, challenges gathering evidence
Genocide Darfur Genocide: Omar Hassan Ahamed Bashir (President of Sudan) Indicted by the international criminal court 2009 (mass killing,
rape, pillage against civilians in Darfur. 2010 ICC issued a second warrant with 3 further charges, Sudanese govt failed to recognise it
