TNCC Trauma Nursing Core Course 11th
Edition ENA
Cavitation refers to the... - ansSeparation of surrounding tissue resulting from a sound
and/or hydraulic wave force. This rapid motion can lead to crushing, tearing, and
shearing forces on tissue. The impact of cavitation is dependent on the characterists of
the affected tissue. Additional considerations include:
- Air-filled organs such as lungs or stomach, are elastic, so this tissue tolerates high-
velocity cavitation relatively well compared to other tissues
- Solid organs such as the liver, have a greater propensity to shear or tear under the
same forces
- If those same forces are instead released inside the cranium, bone will resist
expansion, augmenting soft tissue crushing, until the tensile strength of the bone is
exceeded and an explosive release of pressure results
ch. 4, p. 32
Central cord syndrome - ansloss of motor function in upper extremities that is greater
than that of lower extremities. often sacral sparing. bladder function may be affected
ch. 13, p. 182
Classifications of acute pain are based on the source and origin and include... -
ansSOMATIC pain originates from skin and muscloskeletal structures
VISCERAL PAIN originates from organs and may lead to referred pain
ch. 8, p. 93
Components of CUS and its purpose - ansC: I am Concerned
U: I am Uncomfortable
S: This is a Safety issue/ I am Stressed
Purpose- used to "stop the line" if a team member senses or discovers an essential
safety breach
p. 7
Components of DESC and its purpose - ansD: Describe the specific situation or
behavior
E: Express your concerns or how the situation makes you feel
S: Suggest alternatives and seek agreement
C: State consequences in terms of impact on performance goals
,TNCC Trauma Nursing Core Course 11th
Edition ENA
Purpose- used in conflict management; paraphrasing the other person's comments is an
important technique that should be done throughout the DESC script. Following
discussion of consequences, team members should work towards consensus.
p. 7
Components of SBAR and its purpose - ansS: Situation
B: Background
A: Assessment
R: Recommendation
Purpose- to provide framework for communication amount members of the healthcare
team
p. 7
Compression may occur from the effects of chemical substances and can cause.. -
ansEdema, restricting or obstructing the airways, oxygenation, and ventilation. This can
result from aspiration of liquids or inhalation of powder or noxious gas.
ch. 4, p. 33-34
Compression strength refers to the tissue's ability to: - ansResist crush force
- Compression injuries to organs occur when the organs are crushed from surrounding
internal organs or structures such as a seatbelt worn up across the abdomen causing
compression of the small bowel or a fracture to the lumbar spine
p. 27
Consider ABGs. A decreased level of consciousness may be an indicator of... -
ansDecreased cerebral perfusion, hypoventilation, or acid-base imbalance.
ch. 5, p. 46
Define biomechanics - ansThe general study of forces and their effects
p. 25
Define kinematics - ansThe study of energy transfer as it applies to identifying actual or
intentional injuries
p. 25
Define mechanism of injury (MOI) - ansHow external energy forces in the environment
are transferred to the body
,TNCC Trauma Nursing Core Course 11th
Edition ENA
p. 25
Define trauma - ans- Trauma is injury to living tissue caused by extrinsic agent
- Regardless of MOI, trauma creates stressors that exceed the tissue's or organ's ability
to compensate
p. 9
Depending on the motorcycle design and rider positioning, the lower extremities can
collide with the handlebars, resulting in... - ansFemur and pelvis fractures and hip
dislocations
p. 31
Describe ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK - ansResults from release of inflammatory
mediators (e.g. histamine) which contracts bronchial smooth muscles and increases
vascular permeability and vasodilation.
ch. 7, p. 75
Describe DISTRIBUTIVE SHOCK - ansOccurs as result of maldistribution of an
adequate circulating blood volume with loss of vascular tone or increased permeability.
ch. 7, p. 75
Describe energy forms - ans- Mechanical (energy transfer from one object to another in
the form of motion)
- Thermal (energy transfer of heat in environment to the host)
- Chemical (heat energy transfer from active chemical substances such as chlorine,
drain cleaner, acids, or plants)
- Electrical (energy transfer from light socket, power lines, or lightning)
- Radiant (energy transfer from blast sound waves, radioactivity such as a nuclear
facility, or rays of the sun)
p. 26
Describe FOCAL BRAIN INJURIES - ansOccur in localized area with grossly
observable and identifiable brain lesions. They include...
- CEREBRAL CONTUSION
- INTRACEREBRAL HEMATOMA
- EPIDURAL HEMATOMA
- SUBDURAL HEMATOMA
- HERNIATION SYNDROMES
, TNCC Trauma Nursing Core Course 11th
Edition ENA
Ch. 9, p. 113
Describe NEUROGENIC SHOCK - ansOccurs with SCI results in the loss of SNS
control of vascular tone, which produces venous and arterial vasodilation.
ch. 7, p. 75
Describe SEPTIC SHOCK - ansCaused by systemic release of bacterial endotoxins,
resulting in an increased vascular permeability and vasodilation.
ch. 7, p. 75
Describe the MOI associated with brain, cranial, and maxillofacial trauma - ansBLUNT
injury - falls, MVCs, sports-related injuries, recreation
PENETRATING injury - firearms or exploding objects or projectiles
Ch. 9, p. 108
Describe the three E's of injury control - ansEngineering: technological interventions
such as side impact airbags, automated blind spot alarms, ignition lock devices for
those with DUIs. In playgrounds and sports, this involves surface material under
playground equipment and athletic safety gear. Another intervention is improved use of
smoke alarms in fire prevention
Enforcement and legislation: include laws at all jurisdictional levels regarding driving
while intoxicated, booster seats, primary seatbelt use, and distracted driving. For sports
this includes rules regarding illegal hits, examination after impact, and return-to-play
requirements after a head injury
Education: these can be community-based initiatives such as public service
announcements for improved seatbelt use, education regarding risks of distracted
driving, programs to commit to no texting while driving, and promotions for bicycle
helmet giveaways with instructions for proper use
p. 11
Disadvantages of auto-transfusion include: - ans- Risk of contamination
- RBCs might become hemolyzed during hemorrhage
- Coagulation factors, including platelets and cryoprecipitate may be destroyed,
increasing d-dimer in collected blood
ch. 7, p. 81
Edition ENA
Cavitation refers to the... - ansSeparation of surrounding tissue resulting from a sound
and/or hydraulic wave force. This rapid motion can lead to crushing, tearing, and
shearing forces on tissue. The impact of cavitation is dependent on the characterists of
the affected tissue. Additional considerations include:
- Air-filled organs such as lungs or stomach, are elastic, so this tissue tolerates high-
velocity cavitation relatively well compared to other tissues
- Solid organs such as the liver, have a greater propensity to shear or tear under the
same forces
- If those same forces are instead released inside the cranium, bone will resist
expansion, augmenting soft tissue crushing, until the tensile strength of the bone is
exceeded and an explosive release of pressure results
ch. 4, p. 32
Central cord syndrome - ansloss of motor function in upper extremities that is greater
than that of lower extremities. often sacral sparing. bladder function may be affected
ch. 13, p. 182
Classifications of acute pain are based on the source and origin and include... -
ansSOMATIC pain originates from skin and muscloskeletal structures
VISCERAL PAIN originates from organs and may lead to referred pain
ch. 8, p. 93
Components of CUS and its purpose - ansC: I am Concerned
U: I am Uncomfortable
S: This is a Safety issue/ I am Stressed
Purpose- used to "stop the line" if a team member senses or discovers an essential
safety breach
p. 7
Components of DESC and its purpose - ansD: Describe the specific situation or
behavior
E: Express your concerns or how the situation makes you feel
S: Suggest alternatives and seek agreement
C: State consequences in terms of impact on performance goals
,TNCC Trauma Nursing Core Course 11th
Edition ENA
Purpose- used in conflict management; paraphrasing the other person's comments is an
important technique that should be done throughout the DESC script. Following
discussion of consequences, team members should work towards consensus.
p. 7
Components of SBAR and its purpose - ansS: Situation
B: Background
A: Assessment
R: Recommendation
Purpose- to provide framework for communication amount members of the healthcare
team
p. 7
Compression may occur from the effects of chemical substances and can cause.. -
ansEdema, restricting or obstructing the airways, oxygenation, and ventilation. This can
result from aspiration of liquids or inhalation of powder or noxious gas.
ch. 4, p. 33-34
Compression strength refers to the tissue's ability to: - ansResist crush force
- Compression injuries to organs occur when the organs are crushed from surrounding
internal organs or structures such as a seatbelt worn up across the abdomen causing
compression of the small bowel or a fracture to the lumbar spine
p. 27
Consider ABGs. A decreased level of consciousness may be an indicator of... -
ansDecreased cerebral perfusion, hypoventilation, or acid-base imbalance.
ch. 5, p. 46
Define biomechanics - ansThe general study of forces and their effects
p. 25
Define kinematics - ansThe study of energy transfer as it applies to identifying actual or
intentional injuries
p. 25
Define mechanism of injury (MOI) - ansHow external energy forces in the environment
are transferred to the body
,TNCC Trauma Nursing Core Course 11th
Edition ENA
p. 25
Define trauma - ans- Trauma is injury to living tissue caused by extrinsic agent
- Regardless of MOI, trauma creates stressors that exceed the tissue's or organ's ability
to compensate
p. 9
Depending on the motorcycle design and rider positioning, the lower extremities can
collide with the handlebars, resulting in... - ansFemur and pelvis fractures and hip
dislocations
p. 31
Describe ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK - ansResults from release of inflammatory
mediators (e.g. histamine) which contracts bronchial smooth muscles and increases
vascular permeability and vasodilation.
ch. 7, p. 75
Describe DISTRIBUTIVE SHOCK - ansOccurs as result of maldistribution of an
adequate circulating blood volume with loss of vascular tone or increased permeability.
ch. 7, p. 75
Describe energy forms - ans- Mechanical (energy transfer from one object to another in
the form of motion)
- Thermal (energy transfer of heat in environment to the host)
- Chemical (heat energy transfer from active chemical substances such as chlorine,
drain cleaner, acids, or plants)
- Electrical (energy transfer from light socket, power lines, or lightning)
- Radiant (energy transfer from blast sound waves, radioactivity such as a nuclear
facility, or rays of the sun)
p. 26
Describe FOCAL BRAIN INJURIES - ansOccur in localized area with grossly
observable and identifiable brain lesions. They include...
- CEREBRAL CONTUSION
- INTRACEREBRAL HEMATOMA
- EPIDURAL HEMATOMA
- SUBDURAL HEMATOMA
- HERNIATION SYNDROMES
, TNCC Trauma Nursing Core Course 11th
Edition ENA
Ch. 9, p. 113
Describe NEUROGENIC SHOCK - ansOccurs with SCI results in the loss of SNS
control of vascular tone, which produces venous and arterial vasodilation.
ch. 7, p. 75
Describe SEPTIC SHOCK - ansCaused by systemic release of bacterial endotoxins,
resulting in an increased vascular permeability and vasodilation.
ch. 7, p. 75
Describe the MOI associated with brain, cranial, and maxillofacial trauma - ansBLUNT
injury - falls, MVCs, sports-related injuries, recreation
PENETRATING injury - firearms or exploding objects or projectiles
Ch. 9, p. 108
Describe the three E's of injury control - ansEngineering: technological interventions
such as side impact airbags, automated blind spot alarms, ignition lock devices for
those with DUIs. In playgrounds and sports, this involves surface material under
playground equipment and athletic safety gear. Another intervention is improved use of
smoke alarms in fire prevention
Enforcement and legislation: include laws at all jurisdictional levels regarding driving
while intoxicated, booster seats, primary seatbelt use, and distracted driving. For sports
this includes rules regarding illegal hits, examination after impact, and return-to-play
requirements after a head injury
Education: these can be community-based initiatives such as public service
announcements for improved seatbelt use, education regarding risks of distracted
driving, programs to commit to no texting while driving, and promotions for bicycle
helmet giveaways with instructions for proper use
p. 11
Disadvantages of auto-transfusion include: - ans- Risk of contamination
- RBCs might become hemolyzed during hemorrhage
- Coagulation factors, including platelets and cryoprecipitate may be destroyed,
increasing d-dimer in collected blood
ch. 7, p. 81
