RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGING AND EXPOSURE LATELY UPDATED QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+|| LATEST AND COMPLETE UPDATE 2025 WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS|| ASSURED PASS!!

RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGING AND EXPOSURE LATELY UPDATED QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+|| LATEST AND COMPLETE UPDATE 2025 WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS|| ASSURED PASS!! 1. Secondary photon - ANSWER-Are the binding energy differences released between orbitals in the atom due to the cascade effect of PE 2. Stopping power - ANSWER-Refers to the matters ability to absorb or transmit phontons 3. Scattering - ANSWER-Refers the the photons change in direction after a Compton interaction 4. Effective atomic number - ANSWER-Is the weighted average of the various elements within the matter 5. Radiopaque - ANSWER-Has a relatively high stopping power for radiation 6. Radiolucent - ANSWER-Has a relatively low stopping power for radiation 7. SID - ANSWER-The distance from the focal spot to the image receptor 8. SOD - ANSWER-The distance from the focal spot to the closest part of the object 9. OID - ANSWER-The distance from the object to the image receptor 10. Focal Spot Size - ANSWER-The size of the area where the X-ray photons are produced on the anode 11. Magnification Factor - ANSWER-Expresses how much increase in size the image is portrayed as relative to the object 12. Superimposition - ANSWER-Is a type of distortion that occurs as a result of two different objects being located within one ray path 13. Edge unsharpness - ANSWER-Is the gradient of change where two objects meet 14. Absorption unsharpness - ANSWER-The gradient of a structural edge on the image that is due to the width of the transition zone of the object from minimal to maximal thickness 15. Spatial resolution - ANSWER-Is the smallest level of detail of a structure that can be differentiated from other structures by its detectable edges 16. Central ray - ANSWER-Is the ray normally in the center of the radiation field 17. Radiograph - ANSWER-Image produced on a radiation sensitive surface that demonstrates internal structures of an object based on relative transmission of X-rays through the object 18. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen - ANSWER-Discovered x-rays on November 8, 1895 by observing fluorescence. 19. Crookes tube - ANSWER-The type of tube Roentgen used to discover x-rays. 20. Fluorescence - ANSWER-Instantaneous production of light from the interaction of x-rays and a compound. 21. Erythema - ANSWER-Reddening and burning of skin due to exposure to radiation. 22. Electromagnetic radiation - ANSWER-Radiation with electrical and magnetic properties that behave like waves and particles. 23. Wavelength - ANSWER-Distance between two successive crests or troughs of a wave. 24. Frequency - ANSWER-Number of waves passing a given point per unit of time. 25. Velocity - ANSWER-Speed at which x-rays travel, equal to the speed of light. 26. Photon - ANSWER-Small, discrete bundle of energy. 27. Radiation units of measurement - ANSWER-Roentgen, Gray, Sievert, Curie, Becquerel. 28. Ionization - ANSWER-Ability to remove electrons. 29. ALARA - ANSWER-As Low As Reasonably Achievable; minimizing radiation dose. 30. Cardinal principles of radiation protection - ANSWER-Time, Distance, Shielding. 31. Cathode - ANSWER-Negatively charged electrode in the x-ray tube. 32. Anode - ANSWER-Positively charged electrode in the x-ray tube. 33. Filament - ANSWER-Part of the cathode that emits electrons when heated. 34. Focusing cup - ANSWER-Part of the cathode that surrounds the filament with a negative charge. 35. Anode target - ANSWER-Part of the anode that is struck by electrons and produces x-rays. 36. Rotating anode - ANSWER-Anode that rotates to dissipate heat. 37. Tube housing - ANSWER-Glass or metal enclosure that contains the x-ray tube. 38. Leakage radiation - ANSWER-X-rays that escape from the tube housing. 39. Target interactions - ANSWER-Bremsstrahlung and characteristic interactions. 40. Bremsstrahlung interaction - ANSWER-X-ray interaction where an electron is slowed down by an atom's nucleus, creating a high-energy photon. 41. Characteristic interaction - ANSWER-X-ray interaction where an electron ejects an inner shell electron, resulting in a cascade effect and the emission of a photon. 42. X-ray emission spectrum - ANSWER-Polyenergetic spectrum of x-ray energies. 43. Filament current - ANSWER-Electron current induced across the filament in the cathode. 44. Thermionic emission - ANSWER-Boiling off of electrons from the filament. 45. Space charge - ANSWER-Electrons liberated from the filament forming a cloud around it. 46. Tube current - ANSWER-Flow of electrons from the cathode to the anode. 47. Quantity vs Quality - ANSWER-Number of x-ray photons vs penetrating power of x-ray photons. 48. kVp - ANSWER-Determines the speed and energy of electrons in the tube current. 49. mA and seconds - ANSWER-Control the number of electrons flowing across the tube over time. 50. Voltage ripple - ANSWER-Describes voltage waveforms during x-ray production. 51. Line focus principle - ANSWER-Relationship between actual and effective focal spot. 52. Anode heel effect - ANSWER-X-ray intensity is higher on the cathode side of the tube. 53. Tube filtration - ANSWER-Reduces low energy photons and patient dose. 54. Compensating filters - ANSWER-Alter the primary beam intensity to produce more consistent exposures. 55. Heat units - ANSWER-Measure of heat produced by the x-ray tube. 56. Image formation - ANSWER-Differential absorption, attenuation, and transmission of x-rays. 57. Photoelectric effect - ANSWER-X-ray interaction where a photon ejects an inner shell electron. 58. Compton effect - ANSWER-X-ray interaction where a photon ejects an outer shell electron. 59. Coherent scattering - ANSWER-X-ray interaction where a photon changes direction without losing energy. 60. Contrast resolution - ANSWER-Ability to distinguish between objects with similar contrast. 61. Spatial resolution - ANSWER-Smallest object that can be detected on a digital image. 62. Size distortion - ANSWER-Anatomy appearing larger or smaller than actual size. 63. Shape distortion - ANSWER-Anatomy appearing elongated or foreshortened. 64. Scatter - ANSWER-Unwanted radiation that reduces image quality. 65. Dynamic range - ANSWER-Range of exposure intensities an IR can detect. 66. Fluoroscopy - ANSWER-Continuous x-ray imaging of moving internal structures. 67. Exposure technique factors - ANSWER-mAs, kVp, SID, OID, grid ratio, beam restriction, body habitus. 68. Absorption - ANSWER-Is the transfer of energy from the incoming photon to the matter it interacts with 69. Attenuation - ANSWER-reduction in radiation intensity of a primary beam that results from absorption and scattering 70. Differential Attenuation - ANSWER-Is the degree of non-uniformity of reduction in beam intensity caused by the non-uniform make up of the irradiated object 71. Fractional Attenuation - ANSWER-Is the portion of the primary beam that is stopped in the object it is passing through 72. X-rays - ANSWER-A form of electromagnetic energy that is generated within the electron cloud of atoms and is capable of causing ionisations