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Quiz: What is the Research Pyramid demonstrating the levels of evidence?
Ans: hierarchy of evidence.
An evidence pyramid visually depicts the evidential strength of different
research designs.
The top of the pyramid represents the strongest evidence.
Quiz: Where does the RCT fit in the Research Pyramid?
Why?
Ans: 2nd from the top. Higher level because they are designed to be unbiased
and have less risk of systematic errors.
Quiz: The 5W's of descriptive epidemiology:
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, Ans: What = health issue of concern
Who = person
Where = place
When = time
Why/how = causes, risk factors, modes of transmission
Quiz: What is the highest level of data findings?
Ans: Meta-Analysis or Systematic Reviews
Quiz: How is evidence appraised?
Ans: systematically reviewing its relevance, validity and its application to your
specific clinical question
Quiz: cohort study
Ans: be either prospective or retrospective
exposed to a factor of interest and compares it to a group of nonexposed
individuals and follows both groups to determine the incidence of an outcome
can be time-consuming and expensive
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, Quiz: RCT
Ans: provide the strongest evidence for the effectiveness of a treatment or
intervention.
Subjects are randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control
group.
ability to minimize bias
Quiz: What is a case-control study?
Ans: compares people with disease (cases) to people without disease
(controls)
both groups have hx of specific exposure or trait
ideally both groups of people come from same population or similar population
to make comparison of groups valid
Risk of bias and confounding variables (Recall bias, selection bias)
Quiz: What factors determine quality of care?
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