1. Which vitamin deficiency is associated with night
blindness?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin E
D. Vitamin K
Answer: A. Vitamin A
Rationale: Vitamin A deficiency leads to night blindness and, in
severe cases, xerophthalmia and keratomalacia.
2. Which neonatal reflex typically disappears last?
A. Moro reflex
B. Rooting reflex
C. Palmar grasp reflex
D. Babinski reflex
Answer: D. Babinski reflex
Rationale: The Babinski reflex can persist up to 1-2 years of age,
while other neonatal reflexes usually disappear by 6 months.
3. The Apgar score assesses all the following except:
A. Heart rate
B. Muscle tone
C. Blood pressure
D. Respiratory effort
Answer: C. Blood pressure
Rationale: The Apgar score evaluates heart rate, respiratory effort,
muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color, but not blood pressure.
4. Which congenital heart defect is commonly associated with
Down syndrome?
A. Tetralogy of Fallot
B. Coarctation of the aorta
C. Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)
D. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Answer: C. Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)
Rationale: AVSD is frequently seen in children with Down
syndrome due to abnormal endocardial cushion development.
, 5. What is the most common complication of untreated otitis
media?
A. Mastoiditis
B. Sinusitis
C. Meningitis
D. Hearing loss
Answer: A. Mastoiditis
Rationale: Mastoiditis is a common complication of untreated otitis
media due to the spread of infection to the mastoid air cells.
6. What is the primary cause of sudden infant death syndrome
(SIDS)?
A. Viral infection
B. Prone sleeping position
C. Formula feeding
D. Vaccination
Answer: B. Prone sleeping position
Rationale: Prone sleeping increases the risk of SIDS. Supine
sleeping is recommended to reduce risk.
7. At what age should a child be able to speak in two-word
sentences?
A. 12 months
B. 18 months
C. 24 months
D. 36 months
Answer: C. 24 months
Rationale: By 24 months, most children can speak in two-word
phrases and have a vocabulary of 50+ words.
8. A 5-year-old has a painless limp and limited hip motion.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Developmental dysplasia of the hip
B. Transient synovitis
C. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
D. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Answer: C. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
Rationale: Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease involves avascular necrosis
blindness?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin E
D. Vitamin K
Answer: A. Vitamin A
Rationale: Vitamin A deficiency leads to night blindness and, in
severe cases, xerophthalmia and keratomalacia.
2. Which neonatal reflex typically disappears last?
A. Moro reflex
B. Rooting reflex
C. Palmar grasp reflex
D. Babinski reflex
Answer: D. Babinski reflex
Rationale: The Babinski reflex can persist up to 1-2 years of age,
while other neonatal reflexes usually disappear by 6 months.
3. The Apgar score assesses all the following except:
A. Heart rate
B. Muscle tone
C. Blood pressure
D. Respiratory effort
Answer: C. Blood pressure
Rationale: The Apgar score evaluates heart rate, respiratory effort,
muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color, but not blood pressure.
4. Which congenital heart defect is commonly associated with
Down syndrome?
A. Tetralogy of Fallot
B. Coarctation of the aorta
C. Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)
D. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Answer: C. Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)
Rationale: AVSD is frequently seen in children with Down
syndrome due to abnormal endocardial cushion development.
, 5. What is the most common complication of untreated otitis
media?
A. Mastoiditis
B. Sinusitis
C. Meningitis
D. Hearing loss
Answer: A. Mastoiditis
Rationale: Mastoiditis is a common complication of untreated otitis
media due to the spread of infection to the mastoid air cells.
6. What is the primary cause of sudden infant death syndrome
(SIDS)?
A. Viral infection
B. Prone sleeping position
C. Formula feeding
D. Vaccination
Answer: B. Prone sleeping position
Rationale: Prone sleeping increases the risk of SIDS. Supine
sleeping is recommended to reduce risk.
7. At what age should a child be able to speak in two-word
sentences?
A. 12 months
B. 18 months
C. 24 months
D. 36 months
Answer: C. 24 months
Rationale: By 24 months, most children can speak in two-word
phrases and have a vocabulary of 50+ words.
8. A 5-year-old has a painless limp and limited hip motion.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Developmental dysplasia of the hip
B. Transient synovitis
C. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
D. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Answer: C. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
Rationale: Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease involves avascular necrosis
