EXAM 1 - NURSING PHARMACOLOGY. THE LATEST EXAM
REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(ALREADY GRADED A+) (2024 UPDATE)
Drug- drug interactions - ANSWER- When two drugs interact, there are three possible
outcomes: (1) one drug may intensify the effects of the other, (2) one drug may reduce the effects
of the other, or (3) the combination may produce a new response not seen with either drug alone.
Altered metabolism - ANSWER- is one of the most important—and most complex—
mechanisms by which drugs interact. Some drugs increase the metabolism of other drugs, and
some drugs decrease the metabolism of other drugs. Drugs that increase the metabolism of other
drugs do so by inducing synthesis of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. Drugs that decrease the
metabolism of other drugs do so by inhibiting those enzymes.
Tachyphylaxis - ANSWER- a reduction in drug responsiveness brought on by repeated dosing
over a short time.
What is the most widely used antibiotic in hospitals? - ANSWER- vancomycin because it can
treat C.diff and MRSA
Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis - ANSWER- tetracycline, aminoglycoside,
macroglides
Antibiotics that affect bacterial cell wall - ANSWER- penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems
,When to measure peak levels - ANSWER- When using divided daily doses, draw blood
samples for measuring peak levels *1 hour after IM injection and 30 minutes after completing an
IV infusion*. When a single daily dose is used, measuring peak levels is unnecessary. Draw
samples for trough levels just before the next dose (when using divided daily doses) or 1 hour
before the next dose (when using a single daily dose).
Which statement about superinfections does the nurse identify as true?
A. Superinfections are more common in patients treated with narrow-spectrum drugs.
B. Superinfection is defined as a new infection that appears. During the course of treatment for a
primary infection.
C. Superinfections are caused by viruses.
D. Superinfections are easy to treat. - ANSWER- Answer: B
Rationale: Because broad-spectrum antibiotics kill off more normal flora than do narrow-spectrum
drugs, superinfections are more likely in patients receiving broad-spectrum agents. Suprainfections
are caused by drug-resistant microbes; these infections are often difficult to treat.
Which patient should receive prophylactic antibiotic therapy?
A. A patient who is to have his teeth cleaned
B. A patient who is scheduled for a hysterectomy
C. A patient with a white blood cell count of 8000 cells/mm3
D. A patient with a high fever without an identifiable cause - ANSWER- Answer: B
, Rationale: Patients who undergo a hysterectomy (and other specific surgeries) may have a
decreased incidence of infection if antibiotics are administered before or during surgery. Use of
prophylactic antibiotics are not indicated for the other conditions.
A nurse is administering a drug that is categorized as Schedule IV. The nurse understands that this
means the drug:
A. Has acceptable medical applications with low potential for abuse.
B. Is a controlled substance with no accepted medical use.
C. Is dangerous to administer to pregnant or breast-feeding patients.
D. Has the potential for serious and life-threatening adverse effects. - ANSWER- Answer: A
Rationale: Categories from Schedules I to V are used for drugs that are considered to have the
potential for abuse. The drugs with the highest potential for abuse are Schedule I drugs, and those
with the lowest potential for abuse are Schedule V drugs.
Rights of Drug Administration - ANSWER- -Right client
-right drug
-right dose
-right route
-right time
-right documentation
-right assessment
REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(ALREADY GRADED A+) (2024 UPDATE)
Drug- drug interactions - ANSWER- When two drugs interact, there are three possible
outcomes: (1) one drug may intensify the effects of the other, (2) one drug may reduce the effects
of the other, or (3) the combination may produce a new response not seen with either drug alone.
Altered metabolism - ANSWER- is one of the most important—and most complex—
mechanisms by which drugs interact. Some drugs increase the metabolism of other drugs, and
some drugs decrease the metabolism of other drugs. Drugs that increase the metabolism of other
drugs do so by inducing synthesis of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. Drugs that decrease the
metabolism of other drugs do so by inhibiting those enzymes.
Tachyphylaxis - ANSWER- a reduction in drug responsiveness brought on by repeated dosing
over a short time.
What is the most widely used antibiotic in hospitals? - ANSWER- vancomycin because it can
treat C.diff and MRSA
Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis - ANSWER- tetracycline, aminoglycoside,
macroglides
Antibiotics that affect bacterial cell wall - ANSWER- penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems
,When to measure peak levels - ANSWER- When using divided daily doses, draw blood
samples for measuring peak levels *1 hour after IM injection and 30 minutes after completing an
IV infusion*. When a single daily dose is used, measuring peak levels is unnecessary. Draw
samples for trough levels just before the next dose (when using divided daily doses) or 1 hour
before the next dose (when using a single daily dose).
Which statement about superinfections does the nurse identify as true?
A. Superinfections are more common in patients treated with narrow-spectrum drugs.
B. Superinfection is defined as a new infection that appears. During the course of treatment for a
primary infection.
C. Superinfections are caused by viruses.
D. Superinfections are easy to treat. - ANSWER- Answer: B
Rationale: Because broad-spectrum antibiotics kill off more normal flora than do narrow-spectrum
drugs, superinfections are more likely in patients receiving broad-spectrum agents. Suprainfections
are caused by drug-resistant microbes; these infections are often difficult to treat.
Which patient should receive prophylactic antibiotic therapy?
A. A patient who is to have his teeth cleaned
B. A patient who is scheduled for a hysterectomy
C. A patient with a white blood cell count of 8000 cells/mm3
D. A patient with a high fever without an identifiable cause - ANSWER- Answer: B
, Rationale: Patients who undergo a hysterectomy (and other specific surgeries) may have a
decreased incidence of infection if antibiotics are administered before or during surgery. Use of
prophylactic antibiotics are not indicated for the other conditions.
A nurse is administering a drug that is categorized as Schedule IV. The nurse understands that this
means the drug:
A. Has acceptable medical applications with low potential for abuse.
B. Is a controlled substance with no accepted medical use.
C. Is dangerous to administer to pregnant or breast-feeding patients.
D. Has the potential for serious and life-threatening adverse effects. - ANSWER- Answer: A
Rationale: Categories from Schedules I to V are used for drugs that are considered to have the
potential for abuse. The drugs with the highest potential for abuse are Schedule I drugs, and those
with the lowest potential for abuse are Schedule V drugs.
Rights of Drug Administration - ANSWER- -Right client
-right drug
-right dose
-right route
-right time
-right documentation
-right assessment
