BACTERIËLE ZIEKTEN,
MYCOTISCHE ZIEKTEN
EN ZOÖNOSEN
Samenvatting van de cursus
WIES HAVIK
Universiteit Gent
,1
,INHOUD
Rund..........................................................................................................................................................................6
inleiding.................................................................................................................................................................6
huid, subcutis & oppervlakkige lymfeknopen.......................................................................................................6
actinobacillose...................................................................................................................................................6
panaritium.........................................................................................................................................................6
gasgangreen.......................................................................................................................................................6
boutvuur............................................................................................................................................................7
Huidnocardiose..................................................................................................................................................7
dermatophilus congolensis...............................................................................................................................8
huidtuberculose................................................................................................................................................8
dermatomycose !!!............................................................................................................................................8
Ademhalingsstelsel..............................................................................................................................................10
bacteriële broncho-pneumonie......................................................................................................................10
Necrobacillose.................................................................................................................................................12
Spijsverteringsstelsel...........................................................................................................................................13
enterotoxigene vorm van colibacillose (ETEC)................................................................................................14
Enterohemorrhagische en enteropathogene e. coli.......................................................................................15
paratuberculose..............................................................................................................................................16
actinobacillose.................................................................................................................................................18
clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxaemie.............................................................................................18
hemorrhagic bowel disease............................................................................................................................19
clostridium perfringens die epsilon-toxine vormen (B en D stammen)..........................................................19
darmtuberculose.............................................................................................................................................19
infectieuze necrotiserende hepatitis (black disease)......................................................................................19
bacillare hemoglobinurie................................................................................................................................19
bacillaire levernecrose en leverabcessen........................................................................................................20
candidiasis.......................................................................................................................................................20
mycotische rumenitis......................................................................................................................................20
centraal zenuwstelsel..........................................................................................................................................20
listeriose..........................................................................................................................................................20
botulisme.........................................................................................................................................................22
vlekziekte artritis.............................................................................................................................................24
purulente artritis na een wonde.....................................................................................................................24
cystopyelonefritis............................................................................................................................................24
genitaal stelsel.....................................................................................................................................................25
2
, brucellose........................................................................................................................................................25
leptospirose.....................................................................................................................................................26
chlamydia abortus...........................................................................................................................................28
Q-koorts...........................................................................................................................................................28
bacteriële septicemiën....................................................................................................................................28
mycotische abortus.........................................................................................................................................28
mastitis............................................................................................................................................................28
algemene aandoeningen.....................................................................................................................................28
neonatale Escherichia coli septicemie............................................................................................................28
Salmonellose...................................................................................................................................................29
histophilus somni............................................................................................................................................30
mycoplasma bovis...........................................................................................................................................31
tuberculose......................................................................................................................................................32
miltvuur...........................................................................................................................................................33
anaplasma.......................................................................................................................................................34
hond en kat..............................................................................................................................................................34
bacteriële pyodermie..........................................................................................................................................34
dermatomycose...............................................................................................................................................36
malassezia pachydermatis...............................................................................................................................37
otitis externa...................................................................................................................................................37
kennelhoest.....................................................................................................................................................38
chlamydia felis.................................................................................................................................................38
cryptokokkose..................................................................................................................................................39
Aspergillose.....................................................................................................................................................40
Clostridium......................................................................................................................................................41
Brachyspira pilosicoli.......................................................................................................................................41
bacteriële overgroei van de dunne darm........................................................................................................41
tetanus.............................................................................................................................................................41
botulisme.........................................................................................................................................................42
cystitis en nefritis.............................................................................................................................................42
leptospirose.....................................................................................................................................................43
neonatale coli septicaemie..............................................................................................................................44
Brucellose........................................................................................................................................................44
Lyme borreliose...............................................................................................................................................44
Schaap en geit.........................................................................................................................................................46
huid, subcutis en oppervlakkige Lymfeknopen...................................................................................................46
staphylokokken dermatitis..............................................................................................................................46
3
, caseuze lymfadenitis.......................................................................................................................................46
mannheimia haemolitica.................................................................................................................................48
atpische pneumonie........................................................................................................................................48
infectieuze kerato-conjunctivitis.....................................................................................................................49
clostridium perfringens enterotoxemiën........................................................................................................49
paratuberculose (ziekte van johne).................................................................................................................50
tetanus.............................................................................................................................................................51
Listeriose..........................................................................................................................................................51
rotkreupel........................................................................................................................................................52
epizoötische abortus Campylobacter abortus.............................................................................................53
Enzoötische abortus chlamydia abortus infecties........................................................................................53
q-koorts...........................................................................................................................................................54
bibersteinia trehalosi.......................................................................................................................................54
paard........................................................................................................................................................................54
huid, subcutis en oppervlakkige Lymfeknopen...................................................................................................54
Stafylokokken pyodermie................................................................................................................................55
dermatophilus congolensis.............................................................................................................................55
dermatomycose...............................................................................................................................................56
BACTERIËLE AANDOENINGEN BOVENSTE LUCHTWEGEN...............................................................................57
bacteriële aandoeningen diepere luchtwegen en de long..............................................................................57
Clostridium perfringens type a typhlo-colitis..................................................................................................60
proliferatieve enteropathie.............................................................................................................................61
tetanus.............................................................................................................................................................62
besmettelijke baarmoeder ontsteking (CEM).................................................................................................63
salmonellose....................................................................................................................................................64
neonatale septicaemieën................................................................................................................................65
droes (Streptococcus equi subsp. equi)..........................................................................................................66
malleus (kwade droes)....................................................................................................................................68
leptospirose.....................................................................................................................................................69
Lyme borreliose...............................................................................................................................................69
Varken......................................................................................................................................................................70
dermatitis crustosa (roetbiggen).....................................................................................................................70
faciale necrose.................................................................................................................................................70
gasgangreen....................................................................................................................................................70
subcutane abcessen........................................................................................................................................70
contagieuze pleuropneumonie.......................................................................................................................71
progressieve atrofische rhinitis.......................................................................................................................72
4
,enzoötische pneumonie..................................................................................................................................73
dysenterie........................................................................................................................................................74
enterotoxigene vorm van colibacillose............................................................................................................75
slingerziekte.....................................................................................................................................................75
proliferatieve enteropathie.............................................................................................................................76
clostridium perfringens type C enteritis..........................................................................................................77
clostridium perfringens type A........................................................................................................................78
yersinia enterolytica........................................................................................................................................78
maagulcera......................................................................................................................................................78
infecties door coliformen van de urinewegen................................................................................................78
leptospira.........................................................................................................................................................79
varkensbrucellose............................................................................................................................................79
salmonellose....................................................................................................................................................79
vlekziekte.........................................................................................................................................................80
haemophilus parasuis......................................................................................................................................81
streptococcus suis...........................................................................................................................................81
5
,RUND
INLEIDING
Antibiotica
- Geel curatieve behandeling, aanvullend labo onderzoek, antibacteriële gevoeligheidstest
- Oranje curatieve behandeling, aanvullend labo onderzoek, antibacteriële gevoeligheidstest én er is
geen enkel geel middel dat nog werkzaam is
- Rood ‘kritische AB’ voor de mens, multiresistente bacteriën, 3 e + 4e generatie cefalosporines,
fluoroquinolones, colistine, polymyxines curatieve behandeling, aanvullend labo onderzoek,
antibacteriële gevoeligheidstest, indien enkel deze kritische AB nog werkzaam zijn
HUID, SUBCUTIS & OPPERVLAKKIGE LYMFEKNOPEN
ACTINOBACILLOSE
- Actinobacillus ligniersii
- Bindweefselwoekering met talrijke abcessen
- Letsel op de huid, tong en weke weefsels van de kop
PANARITIUM
- Fusobacterium necrophorum
- In combinatie met andere strikt anaërobe kiemen bv. Trueperella pyogenes
- Acute ontsteking subcutis van de ondervoet
GASGANGREEN
- Histotoxische Clostridium sp.
- Acute ontsteking, oedeem, weefselnecrose, variërende hoeveelheid gas
- Gram +
- Sub-terminale deformerende sporen
- Facultatief symbiotisch kunnen in de bodem voorkomen
Pathogenese
- Gecontamineerde wond anaëroob milieu (menginfecties met aëroben of facultatief aëroben die
zuurstof verbruiken) / iatrogeen door vieze naald + toediening vasoconstrictieve middelen (O2
aanvoer verminderd) productie toxines verhoging permeabiliteit bloedvaten + weefselnecrose +
oedeem + eventueel toxinaemie (bacteriële toxines + weefseltoxines)
Klinische tekens
- Eerst: warm, pijnlijk, cyanotisch
- Later: slap, koel en weinig gevoelig
Behandeling en bestrijding
- Penicilline (of ander bèta-lactam AB)
- Vocht, NSAID’s
- Necrotisch materiaal verwijderen
- Aëroob milieu creëren ontsmetten met H2O2
6
, BOUTVUUR
- Clostridium chauvei
- Vnl. aantasting zware spiermassa’s van de achterhand
- Blackleg
- Gram +
- Sub-terminale deformerende sporen
Pathogenese
- Perorale opname ingang via tandalveolen (wordt nog onderzocht) toxineproductie in spieren met
kneuzingen/scheuren (hier is de O2 spanning verlaagd)
- Sporen kunnen een tijdje rusten in de Kupffercellen
Klinische tekens
- Analoog aan gasgangreen
o Eerst: warm, pijnlijk, cyanotisch
o Later: slap, koel en weinig gevoelig
- Geen aanwijsbare verwonding
Diagnose
- Aangetast weefsel isoleren na de dood wordt weinig meer gedaan, is niet wettelijk bestreden
Therapie
- Enkel zinvol in vroeg stadium
- Aangetast weefsel verwijderen
- Ontsmetten met H2O2 aëroob milieu
- Lokale en parenterale penicilline
- Vocht anti-shock
Bestrijding
- Vaccinatie mogelijk op probleembedrijven
HUIDNOCARDIOSE
- Zeldzaam
- Nocardia sp.
- Gram +
- Vertakte filamenten
- Komen voor in de bodem
- Via wonde bindweefselwoekering met talrijke abcesjes
- Kan ook voorkomen t.h.v. de uier uiernocardiose
o Iatrogeen door besmette canule
o Niet meer te behandelen reageert slecht op AB
- Diagnose: biopsie / melkstaal
Therapie
- Chirurgisch verwijderen
- Lokaal jodiumtinctuur of AB-zalf
- Systemische AB sulfamiden zeer ongevoelig voor AB
7
MYCOTISCHE ZIEKTEN
EN ZOÖNOSEN
Samenvatting van de cursus
WIES HAVIK
Universiteit Gent
,1
,INHOUD
Rund..........................................................................................................................................................................6
inleiding.................................................................................................................................................................6
huid, subcutis & oppervlakkige lymfeknopen.......................................................................................................6
actinobacillose...................................................................................................................................................6
panaritium.........................................................................................................................................................6
gasgangreen.......................................................................................................................................................6
boutvuur............................................................................................................................................................7
Huidnocardiose..................................................................................................................................................7
dermatophilus congolensis...............................................................................................................................8
huidtuberculose................................................................................................................................................8
dermatomycose !!!............................................................................................................................................8
Ademhalingsstelsel..............................................................................................................................................10
bacteriële broncho-pneumonie......................................................................................................................10
Necrobacillose.................................................................................................................................................12
Spijsverteringsstelsel...........................................................................................................................................13
enterotoxigene vorm van colibacillose (ETEC)................................................................................................14
Enterohemorrhagische en enteropathogene e. coli.......................................................................................15
paratuberculose..............................................................................................................................................16
actinobacillose.................................................................................................................................................18
clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxaemie.............................................................................................18
hemorrhagic bowel disease............................................................................................................................19
clostridium perfringens die epsilon-toxine vormen (B en D stammen)..........................................................19
darmtuberculose.............................................................................................................................................19
infectieuze necrotiserende hepatitis (black disease)......................................................................................19
bacillare hemoglobinurie................................................................................................................................19
bacillaire levernecrose en leverabcessen........................................................................................................20
candidiasis.......................................................................................................................................................20
mycotische rumenitis......................................................................................................................................20
centraal zenuwstelsel..........................................................................................................................................20
listeriose..........................................................................................................................................................20
botulisme.........................................................................................................................................................22
vlekziekte artritis.............................................................................................................................................24
purulente artritis na een wonde.....................................................................................................................24
cystopyelonefritis............................................................................................................................................24
genitaal stelsel.....................................................................................................................................................25
2
, brucellose........................................................................................................................................................25
leptospirose.....................................................................................................................................................26
chlamydia abortus...........................................................................................................................................28
Q-koorts...........................................................................................................................................................28
bacteriële septicemiën....................................................................................................................................28
mycotische abortus.........................................................................................................................................28
mastitis............................................................................................................................................................28
algemene aandoeningen.....................................................................................................................................28
neonatale Escherichia coli septicemie............................................................................................................28
Salmonellose...................................................................................................................................................29
histophilus somni............................................................................................................................................30
mycoplasma bovis...........................................................................................................................................31
tuberculose......................................................................................................................................................32
miltvuur...........................................................................................................................................................33
anaplasma.......................................................................................................................................................34
hond en kat..............................................................................................................................................................34
bacteriële pyodermie..........................................................................................................................................34
dermatomycose...............................................................................................................................................36
malassezia pachydermatis...............................................................................................................................37
otitis externa...................................................................................................................................................37
kennelhoest.....................................................................................................................................................38
chlamydia felis.................................................................................................................................................38
cryptokokkose..................................................................................................................................................39
Aspergillose.....................................................................................................................................................40
Clostridium......................................................................................................................................................41
Brachyspira pilosicoli.......................................................................................................................................41
bacteriële overgroei van de dunne darm........................................................................................................41
tetanus.............................................................................................................................................................41
botulisme.........................................................................................................................................................42
cystitis en nefritis.............................................................................................................................................42
leptospirose.....................................................................................................................................................43
neonatale coli septicaemie..............................................................................................................................44
Brucellose........................................................................................................................................................44
Lyme borreliose...............................................................................................................................................44
Schaap en geit.........................................................................................................................................................46
huid, subcutis en oppervlakkige Lymfeknopen...................................................................................................46
staphylokokken dermatitis..............................................................................................................................46
3
, caseuze lymfadenitis.......................................................................................................................................46
mannheimia haemolitica.................................................................................................................................48
atpische pneumonie........................................................................................................................................48
infectieuze kerato-conjunctivitis.....................................................................................................................49
clostridium perfringens enterotoxemiën........................................................................................................49
paratuberculose (ziekte van johne).................................................................................................................50
tetanus.............................................................................................................................................................51
Listeriose..........................................................................................................................................................51
rotkreupel........................................................................................................................................................52
epizoötische abortus Campylobacter abortus.............................................................................................53
Enzoötische abortus chlamydia abortus infecties........................................................................................53
q-koorts...........................................................................................................................................................54
bibersteinia trehalosi.......................................................................................................................................54
paard........................................................................................................................................................................54
huid, subcutis en oppervlakkige Lymfeknopen...................................................................................................54
Stafylokokken pyodermie................................................................................................................................55
dermatophilus congolensis.............................................................................................................................55
dermatomycose...............................................................................................................................................56
BACTERIËLE AANDOENINGEN BOVENSTE LUCHTWEGEN...............................................................................57
bacteriële aandoeningen diepere luchtwegen en de long..............................................................................57
Clostridium perfringens type a typhlo-colitis..................................................................................................60
proliferatieve enteropathie.............................................................................................................................61
tetanus.............................................................................................................................................................62
besmettelijke baarmoeder ontsteking (CEM).................................................................................................63
salmonellose....................................................................................................................................................64
neonatale septicaemieën................................................................................................................................65
droes (Streptococcus equi subsp. equi)..........................................................................................................66
malleus (kwade droes)....................................................................................................................................68
leptospirose.....................................................................................................................................................69
Lyme borreliose...............................................................................................................................................69
Varken......................................................................................................................................................................70
dermatitis crustosa (roetbiggen).....................................................................................................................70
faciale necrose.................................................................................................................................................70
gasgangreen....................................................................................................................................................70
subcutane abcessen........................................................................................................................................70
contagieuze pleuropneumonie.......................................................................................................................71
progressieve atrofische rhinitis.......................................................................................................................72
4
,enzoötische pneumonie..................................................................................................................................73
dysenterie........................................................................................................................................................74
enterotoxigene vorm van colibacillose............................................................................................................75
slingerziekte.....................................................................................................................................................75
proliferatieve enteropathie.............................................................................................................................76
clostridium perfringens type C enteritis..........................................................................................................77
clostridium perfringens type A........................................................................................................................78
yersinia enterolytica........................................................................................................................................78
maagulcera......................................................................................................................................................78
infecties door coliformen van de urinewegen................................................................................................78
leptospira.........................................................................................................................................................79
varkensbrucellose............................................................................................................................................79
salmonellose....................................................................................................................................................79
vlekziekte.........................................................................................................................................................80
haemophilus parasuis......................................................................................................................................81
streptococcus suis...........................................................................................................................................81
5
,RUND
INLEIDING
Antibiotica
- Geel curatieve behandeling, aanvullend labo onderzoek, antibacteriële gevoeligheidstest
- Oranje curatieve behandeling, aanvullend labo onderzoek, antibacteriële gevoeligheidstest én er is
geen enkel geel middel dat nog werkzaam is
- Rood ‘kritische AB’ voor de mens, multiresistente bacteriën, 3 e + 4e generatie cefalosporines,
fluoroquinolones, colistine, polymyxines curatieve behandeling, aanvullend labo onderzoek,
antibacteriële gevoeligheidstest, indien enkel deze kritische AB nog werkzaam zijn
HUID, SUBCUTIS & OPPERVLAKKIGE LYMFEKNOPEN
ACTINOBACILLOSE
- Actinobacillus ligniersii
- Bindweefselwoekering met talrijke abcessen
- Letsel op de huid, tong en weke weefsels van de kop
PANARITIUM
- Fusobacterium necrophorum
- In combinatie met andere strikt anaërobe kiemen bv. Trueperella pyogenes
- Acute ontsteking subcutis van de ondervoet
GASGANGREEN
- Histotoxische Clostridium sp.
- Acute ontsteking, oedeem, weefselnecrose, variërende hoeveelheid gas
- Gram +
- Sub-terminale deformerende sporen
- Facultatief symbiotisch kunnen in de bodem voorkomen
Pathogenese
- Gecontamineerde wond anaëroob milieu (menginfecties met aëroben of facultatief aëroben die
zuurstof verbruiken) / iatrogeen door vieze naald + toediening vasoconstrictieve middelen (O2
aanvoer verminderd) productie toxines verhoging permeabiliteit bloedvaten + weefselnecrose +
oedeem + eventueel toxinaemie (bacteriële toxines + weefseltoxines)
Klinische tekens
- Eerst: warm, pijnlijk, cyanotisch
- Later: slap, koel en weinig gevoelig
Behandeling en bestrijding
- Penicilline (of ander bèta-lactam AB)
- Vocht, NSAID’s
- Necrotisch materiaal verwijderen
- Aëroob milieu creëren ontsmetten met H2O2
6
, BOUTVUUR
- Clostridium chauvei
- Vnl. aantasting zware spiermassa’s van de achterhand
- Blackleg
- Gram +
- Sub-terminale deformerende sporen
Pathogenese
- Perorale opname ingang via tandalveolen (wordt nog onderzocht) toxineproductie in spieren met
kneuzingen/scheuren (hier is de O2 spanning verlaagd)
- Sporen kunnen een tijdje rusten in de Kupffercellen
Klinische tekens
- Analoog aan gasgangreen
o Eerst: warm, pijnlijk, cyanotisch
o Later: slap, koel en weinig gevoelig
- Geen aanwijsbare verwonding
Diagnose
- Aangetast weefsel isoleren na de dood wordt weinig meer gedaan, is niet wettelijk bestreden
Therapie
- Enkel zinvol in vroeg stadium
- Aangetast weefsel verwijderen
- Ontsmetten met H2O2 aëroob milieu
- Lokale en parenterale penicilline
- Vocht anti-shock
Bestrijding
- Vaccinatie mogelijk op probleembedrijven
HUIDNOCARDIOSE
- Zeldzaam
- Nocardia sp.
- Gram +
- Vertakte filamenten
- Komen voor in de bodem
- Via wonde bindweefselwoekering met talrijke abcesjes
- Kan ook voorkomen t.h.v. de uier uiernocardiose
o Iatrogeen door besmette canule
o Niet meer te behandelen reageert slecht op AB
- Diagnose: biopsie / melkstaal
Therapie
- Chirurgisch verwijderen
- Lokaal jodiumtinctuur of AB-zalf
- Systemische AB sulfamiden zeer ongevoelig voor AB
7
