NURS661 MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY EXAM 1|2023 LATEST UPDATE|GUARANTEED SUCCESS

Define and identify symptoms of dystonia Involuntary muscle contractions that cause repetitive twisting movements. The condition can affect one part of the body- focal dystonia; two or more adjacent parts- segmental; or all parts- general dystonia. Cervical dystonia- cause head to twist and turn to one side. Eyelids- rapid blinking or involuntary spasms Jaw/tongue- slurred speech, drooling, difficulty chewing hand/forearm- repetitive activity (writers or musicians dystonia) Define and identify symptoms of aprosodia " Neurological condition characterized by the inability of a person to properly convey or interpret emotional prasody (ranges of rhythm, pitch, stress, intonation). Differentiate between short term and long-term memory " Short term- 30 seconds to several days " Long term- weeks, months, years " Vascular dementia and alzheimer's affect short term memory first. WHAT IS AN ILLUSION are distortions of real images or sensations. Illusions can occur in schizophrenia patients during active phases but can also occur during the prodromal phases and during periods of remissions. WHAT IS A HALLUCINATION any of the five senses may be affected. The most common are auditory with voices that are often threatening, obscene, accusatory, or insulting. Two or more voices may converse among themselves or a voice may comment on the patient's life or behavior. Visual hallucinations are common but tactile olfactory and gustatory hallucinations are unusual (their presence should prompt clinician to consider underlying medical or neurological disorder). WHAT IS A DELUSION? may assume persecutory, grandiose, religious, or somatic forms. Fixed beliefs that do not change. Identify standards for determining competency Decisional Capacity; ability to communicate a choice/ability to understand information necessary for the specific decision at hand/ ability to appreciate the implications and significance of the provided information or the choice of being made/ ability to reason by weighting the comparing options as well as consequences of the potential decision. Know basic principles of why an MRI would be an appropriate study for a dementia diagnosis (kaplan 715) differentiate between dementia of Alzheimer's Type and vascular dementia more straightforward. Area of research is the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to detect patterns of brain metabolism in dementia types. The use of these images may soon help in clinical differential diagnosis of dementing illness. What are the core symptoms needed to meet the criteria for DSM 5 premenstrual dysphoric disorder " One or more of the following must be present" " Marked affective lability (mood swings, suddenly sad or tearful, increased sensitivity to rejection) " Marked irritability or anger or increased interpersonal conflicts " Marked depressed mood, feelings of hopelessness, or self deprecating thoughts, " Marked anxiety, tension, and or feelings of being keyed up or on edge " ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING MUST ADDITIONALLY BE PRESENT TO REACH A TOTAL OF 5 SYMPTOMS when combined with above criteria. " Decreased interest in usual activities " Subjective difficulty in concentration " Lethargy, easily fatigability, marked lack of energy " Marked change in appetite, overeating or specific food cravings " Hypersomnia or insomnia " Sense of being overwhelmed or out of control " Physical symptoms such as breast tenderness or swelling, joint or muscle pain, a sense of bloating or weight gain. WHAT ARE THE AGES OF Early Adolescence (Approximately 12-14 years of age) Movement Toward Independence - early adolescence " Struggle with sense of identity; " Moodiness; " Improved abilities to use speech to express oneself; " More likely to express feelings by action than by words; " Close friendships gain importance; " Less attention shown to parents, with occasional rudeness; " Realization that parents are not perfect; identification of their faults; " Search for new people to love in addition to parents; " Tendency to return to childish behavior; " Peer group influences interests and clothing styles. Future interests and Cognitive Development - early adolescence " Increasing career interests; " Mostly interested in present and near future; " Greater ability to work Sexuality - early adolescence " Girls ahead of boys; " Shyness, blushing, and modesty; " More showing off; Greater interest in privacy; " Experimentation with body (masturbation); " Worries about being normal Ethics and Self-Direction - early adolescence " Rule and limit testing; " Occasional experimentation with cigarettes, marijuana, and alcohol; " Capacity for abstract thought Physical Changes - Early adolescence " Gains in height and weight; " Growth of pubic and underarm hair; " Body sweats more; " Hair and skin become more oily; " Breast development and menstruation in girls; " Growth of testicles and penis, " Nocturnal emissions (wet dreams), " Deepening of voice, " Growth of hair on face in boys Middle Adolescence (approximately 15-16 years) Movement Toward Independence - middle adolescence " Self-involvement, alternating between unrealistically high expectations and poor self-concept; " Complaints that parents interfere with independence; " Extremely concerned with appearance and with one's own body; " Feelings of strangeness about one's self and body; " Lowered opinion of parents, withdrawal from them; " Effort to make new friends; " Strong emphasis on the new peer group; " Periods of sadness as the psychological loss of the parents takes place; " Examination of inner experiences, which may include writing a diary Future Interests and Cognitive Development - middle adolescence " Intellectual interests gain importance; " Some sexual and aggressive energies directed into creative and career interests Sexuality - middle adolescence " Concerns about sexual attractiveness; " Frequently changing relationships; " Movement towards heterosexuality with fears of homosexuality; " Tenderness and fears shown toward opposite sex; " Feelings of love and passion Ethics and Self-Direction - middle adolescence " Development of ideals and selection of role models; " More consistent evidence of conscience; " Greater capacity for setting goals; " Interest in moral reasoning Physical Changes - middle adolescence " Continued height and weight gains; " Growth of pubic and underarm hair; " Body sweats more; " Hair and skin become more oily; " Breast development and menstruation in girls; " Growth of testicles and penis, " Nocturnal emissions (wet dreams), " Deepening of voice, " Growth of hair on face in boys Late Adolescence (approximately 17-19 years) Movement Toward Independence - late adolescence " Firmer identity; " Ability to delay gratification; " Ability to think ideas through; Ability to express ideas in words; " More developed sense of humor; " Stable interests; " Greater emotional stability; " Ability to make independent decisions; " Ability to compromise; " Pride in one's work; " Self-reliance; " Greater concern for others Future Interests and Cognitive Development - late adolescence " More defined work habits; " Higher level of concern for the future; " Thoughts about one's role in life Sexuality - late adolescence " Concerned with serious relationships; " Clear sexual identity; " Capacities for tender and sensual love Ethics and Self-Direction - late adolescence " Capable of useful insight; " Stress on personal dignity and self-esteem; " Ability to set goals and follow through; " Acceptance of social institutions and cultural traditions; " Self-regulation of self esteem Physical Changes - late adolescence " Most girls fully developed; " Boys continue to gain height, weight, muscle mass, body hair What is the minimum duration of symptom presentation to make a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder " GAD is defined as excessive anxiety and worry about several events or activities for most days during at least a 6-month period With twin studies for panic disorder, know the estimated percentage of heritability expected. " Monozygotic twins are more likely to be concordant for panic disorder than are dizygotic twins. (no data exist indicating an association between a specific chromosomal location or mode of transmission and this disorder) " Various studies have found that first degree relatives of patients with panic disorder have a 4-8 fold higher risk for panic disorder than first degree relatives of other psychiatric patients. mania severe episode of elevated/euphoric or irritable mood and increased energy that usually lasts at least a week and severely interferes with the sufferers ability to function Hypomania less severe version of mania, in that it is characterized by somewhat elevated or irritable mood that may more mildly interfere with a person's functioning.