HUB2015W Semester 2 Notes
Anatomy & Physiology II HRS
Tammy van Druten VDRTAM002 3rd year OT student
, Table of Contents
Renal anatomy Pg. 2
Renal physiology Pg. 24
Reproductive anatomy Pg. 42
The endocrine system Pg. 76
Reproductive physiology Pg. 113
Tammy van Druten HUB2015W
Semester 1 Notes 1
, Topic 11
Renal Anatomy
LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
− Able to identify the components of the urinary system (kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra)
− List & describe the functions of the urinary system
− Describe the anatomical location of the kidneys
− Describe the anatomical structure of the kidneys
− Describe the structure of a nephron
− Describe the blood supply & venous drainage of the kidneys
Components of the Urinary System
• 2 kidneys to produce urine
• 2 ureters to transport urine to bladder
• 1 bladder for storage of urine
• 1 urethra for the transport of urine from bladder to external environment
Functions of the Urinary System
1. Excretion
Removal of organic wastes from the body
2. Elimination
The process of discharging wastes from the body
Tammy van Druten HUB2015W
Semester 1 Notes 2
, 3. Production
Of hormones; calcium regulation and red blood cell production
4. Regulation
Of blood volume and blood pressure; of ion concentrations in blood plasma (sodium,
potassium, chloride etc.)
5. Stabilisation
Of blood pH (normal is 7.3)
6. Conservation
Of nutrients (glucose)
7. Detoxification
Assist the liver in detoxifying the body of poisons
Note: functions 4 – 7 are all for homeostatic control
ANATOMY OF THE KIDNEYS
• Location:
→ Lateral to vertebral column
→ From T12-L3
→ Left slightly superior to right (accommodation for the liver)
• Retroperitoneal organ
→ Between peritoneum and posterior abdominal wall
→ Anchored to posterior abdominal wall
• Adrenal glands
→ On superior pole of kidney
Tammy van Druten HUB2015W
Semester 1 Notes 3
Anatomy & Physiology II HRS
Tammy van Druten VDRTAM002 3rd year OT student
, Table of Contents
Renal anatomy Pg. 2
Renal physiology Pg. 24
Reproductive anatomy Pg. 42
The endocrine system Pg. 76
Reproductive physiology Pg. 113
Tammy van Druten HUB2015W
Semester 1 Notes 1
, Topic 11
Renal Anatomy
LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
− Able to identify the components of the urinary system (kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra)
− List & describe the functions of the urinary system
− Describe the anatomical location of the kidneys
− Describe the anatomical structure of the kidneys
− Describe the structure of a nephron
− Describe the blood supply & venous drainage of the kidneys
Components of the Urinary System
• 2 kidneys to produce urine
• 2 ureters to transport urine to bladder
• 1 bladder for storage of urine
• 1 urethra for the transport of urine from bladder to external environment
Functions of the Urinary System
1. Excretion
Removal of organic wastes from the body
2. Elimination
The process of discharging wastes from the body
Tammy van Druten HUB2015W
Semester 1 Notes 2
, 3. Production
Of hormones; calcium regulation and red blood cell production
4. Regulation
Of blood volume and blood pressure; of ion concentrations in blood plasma (sodium,
potassium, chloride etc.)
5. Stabilisation
Of blood pH (normal is 7.3)
6. Conservation
Of nutrients (glucose)
7. Detoxification
Assist the liver in detoxifying the body of poisons
Note: functions 4 – 7 are all for homeostatic control
ANATOMY OF THE KIDNEYS
• Location:
→ Lateral to vertebral column
→ From T12-L3
→ Left slightly superior to right (accommodation for the liver)
• Retroperitoneal organ
→ Between peritoneum and posterior abdominal wall
→ Anchored to posterior abdominal wall
• Adrenal glands
→ On superior pole of kidney
Tammy van Druten HUB2015W
Semester 1 Notes 3
