Greece
1200 -750 BC Dark Age/Early Iron Age
- By 1000 BC Greek consisted of small isolated community.
- Since 900 BC growth of population.
750 - 500/480 BC Archaic Period
- From 8th to 6th century: Greek colonisation.
- 8th century: Sparta expanded in the Peloponnesos.
- 7th century: arose of natural philosophy and physical science.
- Sparta:
- 6th and early 5th century: Sparta was the most powerful polis in
Greece.
- Mid-6th century: Sparta created the Peloponnesian League, in which
she united most city in the Peloponnese under her leadership.
- Athens:
- 594: Solon settled the conflicts between the nobility and the rest of the
population in Athens.
- 546: Peisistratus made himself tyrant in Athens, after the discontent
among the population.
- 510: end of the tyranny (Peisistratus sons weren’t able to keep up the
tyranny) → Struggle between rivals members of the aristocracy.
- 508: Cleisthenes emerge from this struggle and made a reform.
500/480 - ca. 330 BC Classical Period
- Persian Wars 499-449 BC:
- Pre War:
- 547: Cyrus the Great (king of Persia) conquered Lydia.
- From 499 to 493 there are Ionian Revolt.
- From 495 to 494 the Persian squashed those revolt.
- War:
- 492: King Darius I sailed to Marathon to punish Athens for
helping the Ionian.
- 490: the Persians were defeated by the Athenian Hoplites
(guided by Miltiades).
, - 483: under Themistocles, Athens began to create a large army.
- 480: Xerxes (Darius’ successor) resumes hostilities.
- 479: Greeks, under Pauscionas (Spartan) defeat the Persian
army at Plataea.
- 449: the War ends.
- Sparta:
- 479: Sparta left the command of the Persian war to Athens.
- 464: Messenia Helot revolt after a severe earthquake.
- 461-46: Athens waged a war against Sparta.
- Delian League 477-404 BC:
- 477: Athens set up the League against Persia.
- 449: the League wasn’t dissolved after Persia’s defeat.
- Athens Golden Age:
- 487: Themistocles proposed a new system for selecting Archons by lot.
- From 462/1 the Council of the Areopagus served as a court of law for
capital crimes.
- Pericles:
- Since 450 state pay for state service → poor people could take
part in politics.
- Peloponnesian War 431-404 BC:
- 431-421 Stage One:
- 431: Athens come to conflict with Corinth and Megara → war
began.
- 431: Sparta invades Attica.
- 430/29: Plague in Athens (Pericles died).
- 421: Peace of Nicias.
- 421-413 Stage Two:
- 415-413: Athens made an expedition to Sicily.
- 413-404 Stage Three:
- 411: Oligarchic coup-attempt.
- 406/05: Athens severe maritime loses.
- 404: Athens surrendered.
- Philip II (Macedonian king):
- 350: Philip II fortifies and expands the Macedonian state.
- 342-338: Athenians and Thebans attempt to stop him but he defeated
them at the battle of Chaeronea (338).
- 337: he found the Corinthian League (all Greek cities except Sparta).
- 336: died.
Ca. 330 -27 BC Hellenistic period
- Alexander the Great:
- 336: Alexander becomes king of Macedonia.
1200 -750 BC Dark Age/Early Iron Age
- By 1000 BC Greek consisted of small isolated community.
- Since 900 BC growth of population.
750 - 500/480 BC Archaic Period
- From 8th to 6th century: Greek colonisation.
- 8th century: Sparta expanded in the Peloponnesos.
- 7th century: arose of natural philosophy and physical science.
- Sparta:
- 6th and early 5th century: Sparta was the most powerful polis in
Greece.
- Mid-6th century: Sparta created the Peloponnesian League, in which
she united most city in the Peloponnese under her leadership.
- Athens:
- 594: Solon settled the conflicts between the nobility and the rest of the
population in Athens.
- 546: Peisistratus made himself tyrant in Athens, after the discontent
among the population.
- 510: end of the tyranny (Peisistratus sons weren’t able to keep up the
tyranny) → Struggle between rivals members of the aristocracy.
- 508: Cleisthenes emerge from this struggle and made a reform.
500/480 - ca. 330 BC Classical Period
- Persian Wars 499-449 BC:
- Pre War:
- 547: Cyrus the Great (king of Persia) conquered Lydia.
- From 499 to 493 there are Ionian Revolt.
- From 495 to 494 the Persian squashed those revolt.
- War:
- 492: King Darius I sailed to Marathon to punish Athens for
helping the Ionian.
- 490: the Persians were defeated by the Athenian Hoplites
(guided by Miltiades).
, - 483: under Themistocles, Athens began to create a large army.
- 480: Xerxes (Darius’ successor) resumes hostilities.
- 479: Greeks, under Pauscionas (Spartan) defeat the Persian
army at Plataea.
- 449: the War ends.
- Sparta:
- 479: Sparta left the command of the Persian war to Athens.
- 464: Messenia Helot revolt after a severe earthquake.
- 461-46: Athens waged a war against Sparta.
- Delian League 477-404 BC:
- 477: Athens set up the League against Persia.
- 449: the League wasn’t dissolved after Persia’s defeat.
- Athens Golden Age:
- 487: Themistocles proposed a new system for selecting Archons by lot.
- From 462/1 the Council of the Areopagus served as a court of law for
capital crimes.
- Pericles:
- Since 450 state pay for state service → poor people could take
part in politics.
- Peloponnesian War 431-404 BC:
- 431-421 Stage One:
- 431: Athens come to conflict with Corinth and Megara → war
began.
- 431: Sparta invades Attica.
- 430/29: Plague in Athens (Pericles died).
- 421: Peace of Nicias.
- 421-413 Stage Two:
- 415-413: Athens made an expedition to Sicily.
- 413-404 Stage Three:
- 411: Oligarchic coup-attempt.
- 406/05: Athens severe maritime loses.
- 404: Athens surrendered.
- Philip II (Macedonian king):
- 350: Philip II fortifies and expands the Macedonian state.
- 342-338: Athenians and Thebans attempt to stop him but he defeated
them at the battle of Chaeronea (338).
- 337: he found the Corinthian League (all Greek cities except Sparta).
- 336: died.
Ca. 330 -27 BC Hellenistic period
- Alexander the Great:
- 336: Alexander becomes king of Macedonia.
