Test Bank Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition. by Mary Louise Turgeon. Chapter 1-27. Verified Answers

,TEST BANK FOR
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Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
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Chapter 1-27 fr




Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
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MULTIPLE CHOICE fr




1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
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a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.

ANS: B
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I fr fr




2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
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a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. fr




ANS: C
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried
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powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I fr fr




3. A fr specific function of the immune system is to
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a. recognize self from nonself. fr fr fr


b. defend the body against nonself. fr fr fr f r


c. amplify specific functions. fr fr


d. Both A and B. fr fr fr




ANS: D
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the
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frbody against nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune
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system also has nonspecific effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific
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functions. Nonspecific components of the immune system include mononuclear
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phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g., complement).
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I fr fr




4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
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a. natural resistance. fr


b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. fr fr fr fr

, c. an autoimmune disorder.
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d. recovery from infectious disease. fr fr f r




ANS: C
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired
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f resistance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can
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f cause many disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy,
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rejection of a transplanted organ, or an autoimmune disorder.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I fr fr




5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
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a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. fr fr fr




ANS: D
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed
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elements, with the distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility,
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replicability, and cooperation among different cells or cellular products. Specificity and
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memory are characteristics of lymphocytes in the immune system. Nonspecific elements
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of the immune system demonstrate mobility. In addition, specific and nonspecific
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cellular components of the immune system can replicate. Cooperation is required for
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optimal functioning, and interaction involves specific cellular elements, cell
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products, and nonlymphoid elements.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I fr fr




6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the fr fr fr fr fr fr fr


a. immediate hours after conception fr fr fr


b. second month of gestation. fr fr fr


c. second trimester of gestation. fr fr fr


d. periods of severe anemia in children. fr fr fr fr fr




ANS: A
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence
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in the embryo and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second
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month of gestation.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: II fr fr




7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
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a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
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b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
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c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. fr fr fr fr


d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac.
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ANS: A

, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed
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in the islets of the yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually,
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the liver and spleen replace the yolk sac as the sites of blood cell
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development. By the second month of gestation, the liver becomes the major
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site of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have made their initial
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appearance. The liver and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of
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fetal life. In the fourth month of gestation, bone marrow begins to produce
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blood cells. After the fifth fetal month, bone marrow begins to assume its
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ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: II fr fr




8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
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a. to reduce inflammation.
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b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
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c. antigen recognition. fr


d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal
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system, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at
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the site of injury and can be found in the initial exudate in less than 1
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hour. Monocytes are slower in moving to the inflammatory site. Macrophages
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resident in the tissues of the body are already in place to deal with an
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intruding agent. Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues can
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be released in severe infections.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: II fr fr




9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
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a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. fr fr fr




ANS: D
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
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1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes f r fr fr fr fr


(e.g., lysozyme, myeloperoxidase)
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2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. fr fr fr fr fr fr fr fr


3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases fr fr fr fr fr fr




DIF: Cognitive Level: I fr fr




10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating
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blood is associated with:
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a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba fr


c. allergic reactions fr


d. bacteria

ANS: C