TB (TUBERCLOSIS) Exam Newest 2025/2026 Complete Exam Questions And Correct Answers (Verified Answers) |Already Graded A+

TB (TUBERCLOSIS) Exam Newest 2025/2026 Complete Exam Questions And Correct Answers (Verified Answers) |Already Graded A+ Can TB be transmitted to other parts of the body - Answer- yes- the meninges, kidneys,bones, and lymph nodes What causes the infection - Answer- M Tuberculosis is an acid-fast aerobic rod that grows slowly and is sensitive to heat and ultraviolet light. What's associated with TB - Answer- associated with poverty, malnutrition, overcrowding, substandard housing, and inadequate health care. How's TB spread - Answer- airborne transmission, droplet nuclei through talking, coughing, sneezing, laughing, or singing. Larger droplets settle; smaller droplets suspended in the air and are inhaled Risk Factors for Tuberculosis - Answer- Close contact with someone who has active TB. compromised status, substance abuse, inadequate health care, impoverished; minorities, children <15 year and young adults between ages 15 and 44 year What are other risk factors - Answer- Preexisting medical conditions or special treatment like diabetes, chronic renal failure, malnourishment, selected malignancies, hemodialysis, transplanted organ, gastrectomy, jejunoileal bypass What are more risk factors - Answer- Immigration from high incidence countries like Asia, Africa, Latin America, Caribbean, Institutionalization eg, long-term care facilities, psychiatric facility, prisons poor living conditions What are risk factors specific to healthcare workers - Answer- performing high-risk activities: administration of aerosolized pentamidine and other medications, sputum induction procedures, bronchoscopy, suctioning, coughing procedures, home health care compromised pt., administering anesthesia and related procedures intubation or suctioning TB patho - Answer- inhale bacteria, go to alveoli, multiply, then transmitted to kidneys, bones, cerebral cortex and other areas of lungs like upper lobes= body reacts with inflammatory response TB patho continued - Answer- phagocytes and other immune system functions eat bacteria and normal tissue, =results in accumulation of exudate in alveoli, causing bronchopneumonia When does initial infection occur - Answer- 2-10 wks after exposure, doesn't test positive on PPD test for 3-10 weeks after infection Granuloma formation per CDC LATENT - Answer- The cells form a barrier shell, called a granuloma, that keeps the bacilli contained and under control (LTBI). Granuloma formation LATENT - Answer- Granulomas, new tissue masses of live and dead bacilli, are surrounded by macrophages, which form a protective wall. This forms a mass and then forms a collagenous scar, bacteria become dormant at this point. No further progression of disease, the mass formed is tubercule What about after initial exposure and infection? - Answer- the tubercule previously formed may ulcerate, active disease may develop because of a compromised or inadequate immune response. Active disease also may occur with reinfection & activation of dormant bacteria. The ulceration releases material into bronchi, further spread occurs How else do tubercule progress disease and cause problems - Answer- Then the ulcerated tubercle heals and forms scar tissue. causes the infected lung to become more inflamed, causes further development of bronchopneumonia and tubercle formation. This causes long remissions and reactivation of activity Latent to TB DISEASE per CDC - Answer- In some people, the tubercle bacilli overcome the immune system and multiply, resulting in progression from LTBI to TB disease Latent qualifers per CDC - Answer- normal chest xray, no symptoms, has latent tb, not infectious, may develop symptoms later in life What are the differences in someone with active vs. latent tb - Answer- latent tb doesn't feel sick, asymptomatic, may have positive skin test, negative chest X-ray & negative sputum smear/culture, doesn't require isolation What are the differences in someone with active vs. latent tb - Answer- active tb has a large amount of bacteria, symptomatic, positive skin test, abnormal X-ray, positive sputum smear/culture, requires isolation, must treat Active or TB disease per CDC - Answer- Abnormal chest xray, symptoms, may have positive culture, has TB disease and may be infectious What are the signs and symptoms of pulmonary TB - Answer- low-grade fever, cough, night sweats, anorexia, fatigue, weight loss. nonproductive, or mucopurulent cough, Hemoptysis, Anorexia - Answer- due to hypoxia and body fighting active infection How does presentation differ in elderly - Answer- Elderly patients usually present with less pronounced symptoms than younger patients. How does the TB skin test differ in elderly population - Answer- the tb skin test produces no reaction loss of immunologic memory or delayed reactivity for up to 1 week recall phenomenon. A 2nd skin test is performed in 1 to 2 weeks. symptoms of elderly - Answer- atypical manifestations, unusual behavior and altered, mental status, fever, anorexia, and weight loss. What tests are ordered to diagnose - Answer- tuberculin skin test, chest x-ray, acid-fast bacillus smear, and sputum culture are used to diagnose TB. How are results if positive for TB - Answer- if infected with TB, the chest x-ray usually reveals lesions in the upper lobes, and the acid-fast bacillus smear contains mycobacteria.