WOUND CERTIFICATION ACTUAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
2025/2026 | ALREADY GRADED A+
what are 6 risk factor components of Braden Scale for pressure ulcer? --
CORRECT-- sensory perception, moisture, mobility, activity, nutrition, and
shear/friction
What is the name of the organization that developed the pressure ulcer
staging? --CORRECT-- NPUAP (national pressure ulcer advisory panel)
pathological effect of excessive pressure on soft tissue can be attributed by
3 factors? what are they? --CORRECT-- tissue tolerance, duration of
pressure, and intensity of pressure
what are the extrinsic factors that impact pressure ulcers? --CORRECT--
increase in moisture, friction and shearing
how does friction play a role in shearing which eventually leads to pressure
ulcer?
--CORRECT-- friction alone causes only superfical abrasion, but with
gravity it plays a synergistic effect leading to shearing. When gravity
pushes down on the body and resistance (friction) between the patient and
surface is exerted, shearing occurs. because skin does not freely move,
primary effect of shearing occurs at the deeper fascial level.
what are the intrisinc factors of pressur ulcers? --CORRECT-- nutritional
debilitation, advanced age, low BP, stress, smoking, elevated body
temperature
Aging skin undergoes what elements affecting risk for pressure ulcer? --
CORRECT-- dermoepidermal junction flattens, less nutrient exchange
occurs, less resistance to shearing, changes in sensory perception, loss of
dermal thickness, increased vascular fragility; ability of soft tisuse to
distribute mechanical load w/out comprosing blood flow is impaired
,What does nonblanching erythema indicate in the skin r/t PU? --
CORRECT-- when pressure is applied to the erythematic area skin
becomes white (blanched), but once relieved, erythema returns -indicating
blood flow; however in nonblanching erythema, skin does not blanche-
indicating impaired blood flow-suggesting tissue destructon
why does sitting in a chair pose more of a risk in skin break down than
lying? --CORRECT-- deep tissue injury or PU is likely to occur sooner
sitting down because tissue offloading over boney prominences is higher
Describe what you will see in deep tissue injury? --CORRECT-- purple or
maroon localized area of discolored intact skin skinor blood filled blister;
may be preceded by painful, firm,
, mushy, or boggy; skin may be warmer to cooler in adjacent tissue. In dark
skin, thin blister or eschar over a dark wound bed may bee seen
Describe stage I pressure ulcer? --CORRECT-- Intact skin with
nonblanchable redness of localized area. Will not see blanching in dark
skin, but changes in skin tissue consistency (firm vs boggy when
palpated), sensation (pain), and warmer or cooler temperature may differ
from surrounding area
Describe stage II pressure ulcer? --CORRECT-- partial-thickness wound
where epidermis and tip of dermis is lost with red-pink wound bed w/out
slough. may also present as intact or open/ruptured serum -filled blister
Describe stage III pressure ulcer? --CORRECT-- full-thickness wound
where both epidermis and dermis is lost and subcutaneous tissue may be
visible, but deeper structures such as muscle, bone, and tendon are not
exposed; slough my be present but it doesn't obscure depth and tunneling
and undermining may be present
Describe stage IV pressure ulcer? --CORRECT-- full-thickness wound
with exposed bone,tendon, and muscle; slough or eschar may be seen in
some parts of the wound bed. you will often see tunneling and
undermining. Osteomyelitis may be dxed at this stage, since bone is
palpable
Describe unstageble ulcers? --CORRECT-- full-thickness wound where
base of the ulcer is covered by slough and/or eschar, obscuring depth
When should eschars not be removed? --CORRECT-- when it's stable
with dry, adherent, and intact w/out erythema on the heel; this serves as
the body's natural cover and should not be removed.
Therapeutic function of pressure distribution is accomplised by what 2
factors? --CORRECT-- immersion and envelopement
Define immersion? --CORRECT-- depth of penetration or skining into
surgace allowing pressure to be spread out over surrounding area rather
than directly over boney prominence
Define envelopement? --CORRECT-- is the ability of support surface to
conform to irregularities without causing substantial increase in pressure
what is bottoming out? --CORRECT-- this occurs when depth of
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
2025/2026 | ALREADY GRADED A+
what are 6 risk factor components of Braden Scale for pressure ulcer? --
CORRECT-- sensory perception, moisture, mobility, activity, nutrition, and
shear/friction
What is the name of the organization that developed the pressure ulcer
staging? --CORRECT-- NPUAP (national pressure ulcer advisory panel)
pathological effect of excessive pressure on soft tissue can be attributed by
3 factors? what are they? --CORRECT-- tissue tolerance, duration of
pressure, and intensity of pressure
what are the extrinsic factors that impact pressure ulcers? --CORRECT--
increase in moisture, friction and shearing
how does friction play a role in shearing which eventually leads to pressure
ulcer?
--CORRECT-- friction alone causes only superfical abrasion, but with
gravity it plays a synergistic effect leading to shearing. When gravity
pushes down on the body and resistance (friction) between the patient and
surface is exerted, shearing occurs. because skin does not freely move,
primary effect of shearing occurs at the deeper fascial level.
what are the intrisinc factors of pressur ulcers? --CORRECT-- nutritional
debilitation, advanced age, low BP, stress, smoking, elevated body
temperature
Aging skin undergoes what elements affecting risk for pressure ulcer? --
CORRECT-- dermoepidermal junction flattens, less nutrient exchange
occurs, less resistance to shearing, changes in sensory perception, loss of
dermal thickness, increased vascular fragility; ability of soft tisuse to
distribute mechanical load w/out comprosing blood flow is impaired
,What does nonblanching erythema indicate in the skin r/t PU? --
CORRECT-- when pressure is applied to the erythematic area skin
becomes white (blanched), but once relieved, erythema returns -indicating
blood flow; however in nonblanching erythema, skin does not blanche-
indicating impaired blood flow-suggesting tissue destructon
why does sitting in a chair pose more of a risk in skin break down than
lying? --CORRECT-- deep tissue injury or PU is likely to occur sooner
sitting down because tissue offloading over boney prominences is higher
Describe what you will see in deep tissue injury? --CORRECT-- purple or
maroon localized area of discolored intact skin skinor blood filled blister;
may be preceded by painful, firm,
, mushy, or boggy; skin may be warmer to cooler in adjacent tissue. In dark
skin, thin blister or eschar over a dark wound bed may bee seen
Describe stage I pressure ulcer? --CORRECT-- Intact skin with
nonblanchable redness of localized area. Will not see blanching in dark
skin, but changes in skin tissue consistency (firm vs boggy when
palpated), sensation (pain), and warmer or cooler temperature may differ
from surrounding area
Describe stage II pressure ulcer? --CORRECT-- partial-thickness wound
where epidermis and tip of dermis is lost with red-pink wound bed w/out
slough. may also present as intact or open/ruptured serum -filled blister
Describe stage III pressure ulcer? --CORRECT-- full-thickness wound
where both epidermis and dermis is lost and subcutaneous tissue may be
visible, but deeper structures such as muscle, bone, and tendon are not
exposed; slough my be present but it doesn't obscure depth and tunneling
and undermining may be present
Describe stage IV pressure ulcer? --CORRECT-- full-thickness wound
with exposed bone,tendon, and muscle; slough or eschar may be seen in
some parts of the wound bed. you will often see tunneling and
undermining. Osteomyelitis may be dxed at this stage, since bone is
palpable
Describe unstageble ulcers? --CORRECT-- full-thickness wound where
base of the ulcer is covered by slough and/or eschar, obscuring depth
When should eschars not be removed? --CORRECT-- when it's stable
with dry, adherent, and intact w/out erythema on the heel; this serves as
the body's natural cover and should not be removed.
Therapeutic function of pressure distribution is accomplised by what 2
factors? --CORRECT-- immersion and envelopement
Define immersion? --CORRECT-- depth of penetration or skining into
surgace allowing pressure to be spread out over surrounding area rather
than directly over boney prominence
Define envelopement? --CORRECT-- is the ability of support surface to
conform to irregularities without causing substantial increase in pressure
what is bottoming out? --CORRECT-- this occurs when depth of
