FMFWO Oral Board question n answers graded A+ GRADED A+ 2023

FMFWO Oral BoardDiscuss the origin of the Marine Corps. [ref. b, p. 1-2-3] The Marine Corps was created on 10 Nov, 1775 in Philadelphia at Tun Tavern, by a resolution of the Continental Congress, which "raised two battalions of Marines." Explain the Marine Corps motto, Semper Fidelis. [ref. b, p.1-2-3] The official motto for the Marine Corps, "Semper Fidelis," is Latin for "Always Faithful." The motto, sometimes abbreviated, "Semper Fi," was adopted about 1883. Describe the Marine Corps emblem and state its significance [ref. b, pp. 1-2-9, 1-2-10] • Eagle - Stands for pride of country • Globe - Signifies global service • Fouled Anchor - Signifies maritime traditions • The eagle is standing on the western hemisphere and its beak is holding a scroll with the Marine Corps motto, "Semper Fidelis." o Adopted/modified by BG Jacob Zeilin in 1868 from British Royal Marines. Explain the following terms/phrases used throughout the Marine Corps: [ref. b, pp. 1-2-11 thru 1-2-14] • Leatherneck - Leather stock around neck to protect from saber slashes but a side effect was that it kept the head erect (). What was the USMC nickname earned at the battle of Belleau Wood? • Devil dog - Nickname from WWI (1918) "Battle of Belleau Wood." o German "Teufelhunden" - translated "Devil Dogs." What Latin phrase describes the 'pride in unit' valued by the USMC and what does it mean? • Esprit de corps - Latin "The Spirit of the Unit." o It is the epitome of pride in a unit. o It implies devotion and loyalty. o Deep regard for history, traditions, and honor of the unit. Where did the phrase "Uncommon valor was a common virtue" come from? • "Uncommon valor was a common virtue" - Quote from Admiral Nimitz in regard to USMC fighting ability on Iwo Jima. o Iwo Jima was the largest all-Marine battle in history. o Applied to entire USMC's contribution during WWII. Explain the FMFWO device. • FMFQO Device - The eagle, globe, and anchor make a clear statement that the wearer is a member of the Navy/Marine Corps team. o The surf wave crashing on the sandy beach (littoral zone) represents forward from the sea. o The two crossed rifles represent riflemen ethic. o The scroll is emblazoned with Fleet Marine Force (1982). What significant event in Marine Corps history occurred in 1847? 1847 - During the Mexican War, Marines occupied the "Halls of Montezuma" during the Battle of Chapultepec in Mexico City.The royal palace fell to invading Marines, who were among the first United States troops to enter the capital. Marines also helped take California. What significant event in Marine Corps history occurred in 1805? 1805 - Marines stormed the Barbary pirates' stronghold at Derna on the "Shores of Tripoli."Marines raised the "Stars and Stripes" for the first time in the Eastern Hemisphere. The Battle of Iwo Jima is famous for which two reasons? They had the highest casualty rate for the Marines in their entire history. Of the 70,000 Marines, 1 out of 4 were killed or wounded.The raising of the flag on top of Mt. Suribachi. Explain the phrase "First to fight" Marines have been in the forefront of every American war since the founding of the Marine Corps. They entered the Revolution in 1775, just before the Declaration of Independence was signed. They have carried out more than 300 landings on foreign shores. They have served everywhere, from the poles to the tropics. Their record of readiness reflects pride, responsibility and challenge. Who is Opha Mae Johnson? Private Johnson became the Marine Corps' first enlisted woman on 13 August, 1918. Her enlistment was a reflection of the dramatic changes in the status of women brought about by the entry of the United States into World War I. Marine Reserve (F) was the official title by which the Marine Corps' first enlisted women were known. They were better known as "skirt Marines" and "Marinettes." Who is Archibald Henderson? Brevet Brigadier General Archibald Henderson became Commandant in 1820 and held this command until his death in 1859, a period of 39 years. General Henderson led the Corps through the Indian Wars, the War with Mexico, the "opening" of China, and the disorder's in Central America. The "Grand Old Man of the Marine Corps," as he is often called, introduced higher standards of personal appearance, training, discipline, and strived to have the Marine Corps known as a professional military force, capable of more than just sea and guard duties. Name the 2 Marines who were awarded the Medal of Honor twice. SgtMaj Dan DalyMGen Smedly Butler Name the 6 areas of Naval Doctrine. "COWLIP" Naval Command & Control Naval Operations Naval Warfare Naval Logistics Naval Intelligence Naval Planning Name the USMC ranks from E-1 to O-10. Private (Pvt) E-1 Private First Class (PFC) E-2 Lance Corporal (LCPL) E-3 Corporal (Cpl) E-4 Sergeant (Sgt) E-5S taff Sergeant (SSgt) E-6 Gunnery Sergeant (GySgt) E-7 Master Sergeant (MSgt) E-8 (tech) vs First Sergeant (1stSgt) E8(admin) Master Gunnery Sergeant (MGySgt) E-9 (tech) vs Sergeant Major (SgtMaj) E-9 (admin)Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps E-9 Warrant Officer (WO-1) Chief Warrant Officer (CWO-2) Chief Warrant Officer (CWO-3) Chief Warrant Officer (CWO-4) Chief Warrant Officer (CWO-5) Second Lieutenant (2nd Lt) O-1 First Lieutenant (1st Lt) O-2 Captain (Capt) O-3 Major (Maj) O-4 Lieutenant Colonel (LtCol) O-5 Colonel (Col) O-6 Brigadier General (BGen) O-7 Major General (MGen) O-8 Lieutenant General (LtGen) O-9General (Gen) )-10 What year did the USMC establish its first aviation unit? 1913. Marine Major Alfred A. Cunningham was the first pilot Who yelled "Come on, you sons of a b-----, do you want to live forever?" During what battle were these words uttered? Sergeant Major (then Gunnery Sergeant) Daniel Daly during the Battle of Belleau Wood. Who is Cpl Ira Hayes? Corporal Ira Hayes, a Pima Indian, was one of the Marines immortalized in the now famous photograph taken of the second flag raising on Mount Suribachi, shortly after the Japanese stronghold was taken on 23 February, 1945. Who is Brigadier General Margaret Brewer? Brigadier General Brewer, then a Colonel, served as the director of Women Marines (WM) during the period . She was the seventh and last director of WMs, the only post-World War woman to hold the position. Margaret Brewer became the Marine Corps first woman general officer on 11 May 1978. Who declared "it would take a million Americans 100 years to conquer" the Tarawa Atoll? The Japanese commander. On 20 November 1943, Marines landed and secured the island within 76 hours. When did the Navajo Code Talkers serve? The Navajo code talkers took part in every assault the U.S. Marines conducted in the Pacific from 1942 to 1945. They served in all six Marine divisions, Marine Raider battalions and Marine parachute units, transmitting messages by telephone and radio in their native language a code that the Japanese never broke. The idea to use Navajo for secure communications came from Philip Johnston, the son of a missionary to the Navajos and one of the few non-Navajos who spoke their language fluently. What year was the first female Marine commissioned? 1943 - Captain Anne Lentz What does "First to Fight" mean? Marines have been in the forefront of every American war. Entered the Revolution in 1775. Over 300 landings on foreign shores Why are Marines call "Leathernecks" A leather stock or neckpiece was worn from . The leather collar was also worn to protect the neck against saber slashes. This neckpiece also had a side effect of keeping Marines' heads erect. What is the origin of the nickname "devil dog"? Belleau Wood 1918, 4th Marine Brigade. Germans called the Marines "Teufelhunden" to refer to their fierce fighting abilities. Marines were also categorized as "storm troops" which is the highest rating on the German's scale for enemies. What is Esprit de Corps? Pride ones unit or unit spirit. What did Admiral Nimitz say about the Marines who fought at Iwo Jima? Uncommon valor was a common virtue. What is Semper Fidelis? Semper Fidelis, for Semper Fi, is Latin for "Always faithful" which was adopted circa 1883. There has never been a mutiny in the USMC. When and where was the United States Marine Corps created? 10 November 1775, Philadelphia at Tun Tavern by a resolution of the continental congress which raised two battalions of Marines. Who was Capt Samuel Nicholas? He was the first Commandant of the USMC What significant event took place on " the Shores of Tripoli"? In 1805 Marines stormed the Barbary pirates at Derna, and raised the Stars and Stripes for the first time in the Eastern Hemisphere. What significant event took place during the Battle of Chapultepec? In 1847 Marines occupied the Halls of Montezuma during the Mexican War. Describe meaning behind the components of the Eagle Globe and Anchor. Spread Eagle - symbol of the Nation itself. Globe (with the Western Hemisphere facing outward) - worldwide service. Anchor- sea traditions/Part of the Navy Who were the Montford Point Marines? From 1942 to 1949 nearly 20,000 African American Men from across the country came to Montford Point Camp in Jacksonville, North Carolina. They were the first African American Marines. They went on to serve in epic battles in Saipan, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa.