Summary Philosophy - Nature Or Atributes Of God - Ominscience
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G581 - A2 Philosophy of Religion
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Often considered the toughest topic by students, this document simplifies complex theories for easy understanding. It covers challenging concepts like Boethius' timeless God, Anselm's four-dimensional approach, and Swinburne's perspective. It also provides evaluations, highlighting strengths and we...
Philosophy
Nature Or Attributes Of God - Omniscience
Omniscience
The meaning of ‘omniscient’ is ‘all-knowing’, meaning god knows everything.
Biblical evidence of omniscience “Before a word is on my tongue you
know it completely, O Lord” (Psalm 139:4).
Several philosophers have argued that we may either believe in an
omniscient God, who is all-knowing and so knows everything we have done,
are doing and will do in the future. Others have claimed that if God is all-
knowing, then humans cannot be free to make their own decisions since God
already knows what they will do. Others, however, have maintained that the
concepts of free will and omniscience are compatible, and this appears to be
the strongest of the three arguments.
Problem of omniscient
Does God's foreknowledge of the future imply that humans have no control
over their actions? Can God judge us fairly if we can't change our future -
since God's knowledge can't be wrong? If we don't have free will, how can
God properly judge us and send us to heaven or hell? It seems to put his
omnibenevolence into doubt. Yet, if God didn't know what we were going to
do next, it calls his omniscience into question.
Omniscience appears to clash with free will, which then clashes with
omnibenevolence.
, God Is Timeless (Atemporal) - Boethius
Boesthus' solution to this problem is to enquire into the nature of God's
foreknowledge. He describes the distinction between God's knowledge and
human knowledge in The Consolation of Philosophy Book V. Boethius'
response was to propose that God is transcendent - outside of time. He said
this by saying that “Eternity is a simultaneous possession of boundless
life made simpler by comparing it to temporal things.” This would imply
that God observes all of time simultaneously in the eternal present, past,
present, and future. Our free will is not interfered with by God's everlasting
omniscience; rather, he sees the outcomes of our free decisions in the future
in his eternal present.
Strength - Boethius saves God’s omnibenevolence from the criticism
that divine foreknowledge would determine our actions making him
unjustified in rewarding or punishing us for them. God’s knowledge is not
‘foreknowledge’ – it does not exist ‘prior’ to our action as it exists outside of
time.
Weakness - Problems with God’s benevolence – God can see the
‘future’ but doesn’t intervene in cases like the Holocaust. Does this make
God malevolent? If our future actions are known, they are fixed and thus not
chosen. However, while God’s knowledge may not determine our choices,
nonetheless it still seems like the results of our choices are fixed and
inevitable. Surely we cannot do anything other than what God knows we will
in fact do. Therefore we don’t have the ability to do otherwise, so how can
we have free will?
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