WOUND CARE COMPREHENSIVE NEWLY UPDATED COLLECTION OF EXAM
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS DESIGNED TO GUARANTEE YOUR
SUCCESS ON THE LATEST TEST VERSION
1. What are the main types of wounds? Acute wounds (surgical, traumatic)
and chronic wounds (pressure ulcers, venous ulcers, diabetic ulcers, arterial
ulcers).
2. What are the phases of wound healing? Hemostasis, inflammation,
proliferation, and remodeling/maturation.
3. How long does the inflammatory phase typically last? Approximately 3-5
days after injury.
4. What is the purpose of wound assessment? To evaluate wound
characteristics, identify healing barriers, guide treatment selection, and monitor
progress.
5. What does the acronym MEASURE stand for in wound assessment?
Measure, Exudate, Appearance, Suffering, Undermining, Re-evaluation, Edge.
6. What is wound undermining? Tissue destruction underlying intact skin
along the wound margins, creating a pocket beneath the skin surface.
7. What is wound tunneling? A passageway under the skin surface that
extends from the wound bed in any direction.
8. How do you measure wound tunneling? Using a cotton-tipped applicator,
insert gently into the tunnel, mark the depth, and describe using clock positions
with 12 o'clock toward the head.
9. What color indicates healthy granulation tissue? Bright red or pink,
indicating adequate blood supply and healing.
10. What does yellow tissue in a wound indicate? Slough - nonviable tissue
that must be removed for healing to progress.
,11. What does black tissue in a wound indicate? Eschar - dead, necrotic
tissue that requires debridement.
12. What is the difference between partial-thickness and full-thickness
wounds? Partial-thickness involves epidermis and possibly dermis; full-
thickness extends through dermis into subcutaneous tissue or deeper.
13. What are the characteristics of Stage 1 pressure injury? Intact skin with
non-blanchable erythema, usually over a bony prominence.
14. What are the characteristics of Stage 2 pressure injury? Partial-
thickness skin loss with exposed dermis; appears as shallow open ulcer or
intact/ruptured blister.
15. What are the characteristics of Stage 3 pressure injury? Full-thickness
skin loss with visible adipose tissue; granulation and slough may be present; no
exposed muscle, tendon, or bone.
16. What are the characteristics of Stage 4 pressure injury? Full-thickness
skin and tissue loss with exposed or palpable muscle, tendon, ligament,
cartilage, or bone.
17. What is an unstageable pressure injury? Full-thickness skin loss
obscured by slough or eschar, preventing determination of tissue loss depth.
18. What is a deep tissue pressure injury? Persistent non-blanchable deep
red, maroon, or purple discoloration or blood-filled blister due to
intense/prolonged pressure.
19. What factors delay wound healing? Infection, poor nutrition, inadequate
perfusion, diabetes, medications (steroids, chemotherapy), advanced age,
smoking, and excessive moisture or dryness.
20. What is the normal pH of skin? Approximately 4.5-5.5 (acidic), which
helps prevent bacterial growth.
21. What is wound bioburden? The number of bacteria living on a wound
surface; all wounds have some bacteria.
22. What is the difference between contamination, colonization, and
infection? Contamination: bacteria present but not multiplying; Colonization:
bacteria multiplying but not causing harm; Infection: bacteria multiplying and
causing host injury.
, 23. What are signs and symptoms of wound infection? Increased pain,
erythema, warmth, edema, purulent drainage, odor, delayed healing, increased
exudate, friable granulation tissue, fever.
24. What is critical colonization? A state between colonization and infection
where bacteria impede healing but classic infection signs aren't present.
25. What types of wound drainage exist? Serous (clear, watery), sanguineous
(bloody), serosanguineous (pink, watery), purulent (thick, opaque,
tan/yellow/green).
26. How is exudate amount documented? Scant (minimal), small/light,
moderate, large/heavy/copious.
27. What is maceration? Softening and breakdown of skin due to prolonged
moisture exposure.
28. What causes wound dehiscence? Separation of wound edges, often due to
infection, poor nutrition, increased abdominal pressure, or inadequate closure.
29. What is evisceration? Protrusion of internal organs through a wound
opening, a surgical emergency.
30. What is epibole? Rolled wound edges where epithelial cells migrate over
each other instead of across the wound bed, preventing closure.
Wound Dressings (Questions 31-70)
31. What is the purpose of primary dressings? Direct contact with wound
bed to provide optimal healing environment.
32. What is the purpose of secondary dressings? Cover and secure primary
dressings, provide additional absorption or protection.
33. What are the characteristics of transparent film dressings? Thin,
adhesive, waterproof, semipermeable membranes that allow moisture vapor and
oxygen exchange.
34. When are transparent films indicated? Stage 1 pressure injuries,
superficial wounds, IV sites, autolytic debridement of minimal eschar,
protection of fragile skin.
35. What are contraindications for transparent films? Infected wounds,
heavily draining wounds, fragile skin where adhesive removal may cause
damage.
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS DESIGNED TO GUARANTEE YOUR
SUCCESS ON THE LATEST TEST VERSION
1. What are the main types of wounds? Acute wounds (surgical, traumatic)
and chronic wounds (pressure ulcers, venous ulcers, diabetic ulcers, arterial
ulcers).
2. What are the phases of wound healing? Hemostasis, inflammation,
proliferation, and remodeling/maturation.
3. How long does the inflammatory phase typically last? Approximately 3-5
days after injury.
4. What is the purpose of wound assessment? To evaluate wound
characteristics, identify healing barriers, guide treatment selection, and monitor
progress.
5. What does the acronym MEASURE stand for in wound assessment?
Measure, Exudate, Appearance, Suffering, Undermining, Re-evaluation, Edge.
6. What is wound undermining? Tissue destruction underlying intact skin
along the wound margins, creating a pocket beneath the skin surface.
7. What is wound tunneling? A passageway under the skin surface that
extends from the wound bed in any direction.
8. How do you measure wound tunneling? Using a cotton-tipped applicator,
insert gently into the tunnel, mark the depth, and describe using clock positions
with 12 o'clock toward the head.
9. What color indicates healthy granulation tissue? Bright red or pink,
indicating adequate blood supply and healing.
10. What does yellow tissue in a wound indicate? Slough - nonviable tissue
that must be removed for healing to progress.
,11. What does black tissue in a wound indicate? Eschar - dead, necrotic
tissue that requires debridement.
12. What is the difference between partial-thickness and full-thickness
wounds? Partial-thickness involves epidermis and possibly dermis; full-
thickness extends through dermis into subcutaneous tissue or deeper.
13. What are the characteristics of Stage 1 pressure injury? Intact skin with
non-blanchable erythema, usually over a bony prominence.
14. What are the characteristics of Stage 2 pressure injury? Partial-
thickness skin loss with exposed dermis; appears as shallow open ulcer or
intact/ruptured blister.
15. What are the characteristics of Stage 3 pressure injury? Full-thickness
skin loss with visible adipose tissue; granulation and slough may be present; no
exposed muscle, tendon, or bone.
16. What are the characteristics of Stage 4 pressure injury? Full-thickness
skin and tissue loss with exposed or palpable muscle, tendon, ligament,
cartilage, or bone.
17. What is an unstageable pressure injury? Full-thickness skin loss
obscured by slough or eschar, preventing determination of tissue loss depth.
18. What is a deep tissue pressure injury? Persistent non-blanchable deep
red, maroon, or purple discoloration or blood-filled blister due to
intense/prolonged pressure.
19. What factors delay wound healing? Infection, poor nutrition, inadequate
perfusion, diabetes, medications (steroids, chemotherapy), advanced age,
smoking, and excessive moisture or dryness.
20. What is the normal pH of skin? Approximately 4.5-5.5 (acidic), which
helps prevent bacterial growth.
21. What is wound bioburden? The number of bacteria living on a wound
surface; all wounds have some bacteria.
22. What is the difference between contamination, colonization, and
infection? Contamination: bacteria present but not multiplying; Colonization:
bacteria multiplying but not causing harm; Infection: bacteria multiplying and
causing host injury.
, 23. What are signs and symptoms of wound infection? Increased pain,
erythema, warmth, edema, purulent drainage, odor, delayed healing, increased
exudate, friable granulation tissue, fever.
24. What is critical colonization? A state between colonization and infection
where bacteria impede healing but classic infection signs aren't present.
25. What types of wound drainage exist? Serous (clear, watery), sanguineous
(bloody), serosanguineous (pink, watery), purulent (thick, opaque,
tan/yellow/green).
26. How is exudate amount documented? Scant (minimal), small/light,
moderate, large/heavy/copious.
27. What is maceration? Softening and breakdown of skin due to prolonged
moisture exposure.
28. What causes wound dehiscence? Separation of wound edges, often due to
infection, poor nutrition, increased abdominal pressure, or inadequate closure.
29. What is evisceration? Protrusion of internal organs through a wound
opening, a surgical emergency.
30. What is epibole? Rolled wound edges where epithelial cells migrate over
each other instead of across the wound bed, preventing closure.
Wound Dressings (Questions 31-70)
31. What is the purpose of primary dressings? Direct contact with wound
bed to provide optimal healing environment.
32. What is the purpose of secondary dressings? Cover and secure primary
dressings, provide additional absorption or protection.
33. What are the characteristics of transparent film dressings? Thin,
adhesive, waterproof, semipermeable membranes that allow moisture vapor and
oxygen exchange.
34. When are transparent films indicated? Stage 1 pressure injuries,
superficial wounds, IV sites, autolytic debridement of minimal eschar,
protection of fragile skin.
35. What are contraindications for transparent films? Infected wounds,
heavily draining wounds, fragile skin where adhesive removal may cause
damage.
