Familiesociologie
,1 Inhoudsopgave
1. Wat is een familie ................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Doing family ......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1.1 De rol van het zelf en identiteit binnen het symbolisch interactionisme ....................................... 6
1.1.2 West & Zimmerman: doing gender ................................................................................................. 7
1.2 Kritische reflectie: familie, macht en ongelijkheid ............................................................................... 8
1.3 Conclusie .............................................................................................................................................. 8
2 Historisch perspectief op familieverandering in Europa .......................................................................... 9
2.1 De grand narratives ............................................................................................................................. 9
2.1.1 Parsons ............................................................................................................................................ 9
2.1.2 Goode: World revolution and family patterns .............................................................................. 12
2.2 De diversiteit aan familievormen in het pré- en vroeg industriële Europa ......................................... 14
2.2.1 Familievormen in pre-industrieel Europa ..................................................................................... 15
2.3 Industrialisatie en verandering in familievormen .............................................................................. 16
2.4 Familievormen na WO2 ..................................................................................................................... 17
2.5 Conclusie ............................................................................................................................................ 19
3 Huishoudelijke taakverdeling ................................................................................................................ 20
3.1 Wat is huishoudelijke taakverdeling? ................................................................................................ 20
3.1.1 Huishoudelijke taakverdeling vs kinderzorg .................................................................................. 21
3.2 Metingen huishoudelijke taakverdeling ............................................................................................. 21
3.2.1 Dagboekmethode .......................................................................................................................... 21
3.2.2 Directe bevraging .......................................................................................................................... 22
3.3 Prevalentie huishoudelijke taakverdeling .......................................................................................... 22
3.4 Theoretische perspectieven van huishoudelijke taakverdeling .......................................................... 24
3.4.1 Economische modellen ................................................................................................................. 24
3.4.2 Onderhandelingsmodellen ............................................................................................................ 26
3.4.3 Gender perspectief ........................................................................................................................ 27
3.4.4 Wat met same-seks koppels ......................................................................................................... 30
3.5 Macro-level perspectieven ................................................................................................................. 30
4 Familiebeleid binnen Europa ................................................................................................................. 32
4.1 Wat is familiebeleid............................................................................................................................ 32
4.2 Historische ontwikkeling in familiebeleid in Europa ........................................................................... 32
4.2.1 Familiebeleid voor WO2 ................................................................................................................ 34
4.2.2 Eerste uitbreiding: WO2 tot 1970 ................................................................................................. 34
4.2.3 Uitzonderingen .............................................................................................................................. 36
4.2.4 Tweede uitbreiding vanaf 1970..................................................................................................... 36
4.2.5 Vanaf 1990: groeiende aandacht voor vaders .............................................................................. 37
4.2.6 Verschuivingen in achterliggende doelen van familiebeleid ......................................................... 37
4.3 Hedendaags familiebeleid in Europa.................................................................................................. 38
4.4 Hoe kan de variatie verklaard worden: Esping-Anderson .................................................................. 38
4.4.1 Wollstonecraft’s dilemma ............................................................................................................. 40
4.4.2 Division of labor models ................................................................................................................ 41
4.5 Familiebeleid in België....................................................................................................................... 42
2
, 4.5.1 Kinderopvang ................................................................................................................................ 43
4.6 Impact van familiebeleid .................................................................................................................... 44
5 Gastles: Femma..................................................................................................................................... 46
5.1 Intersectionaliteit ............................................................................................................................... 46
5.2 Probleemanalyse en visie ................................................................................................................... 46
5.3 Oorzaken genderongelijkheid ............................................................................................................ 49
5.4 Combinatiemodel? ............................................................................................................................. 50
6 Liefde .................................................................................................................................................... 51
6.1 Wat is liefde?...................................................................................................................................... 51
6.1.1 Liefde is (niet) universeel .............................................................................................................. 51
6.2 Sociologische perspectieven op de liefde ........................................................................................... 52
6.2.1 Giddens: the transformation of intimacy; sexuality, love and eroticism in modern societies ...... 52
6.2.2 Bauman: Liquid love on the frailty of human bonds ..................................................................... 55
6.2.3 Beck & Beck- Gernsheim: The normal chaos of love ..................................................................... 57
7 Assortive mating ................................................................................................................................... 59
7.1 Wat is assortive mating? .................................................................................................................... 59
7.2 Het belang van de partnermarkt ........................................................................................................ 59
7.2.1 Noden ............................................................................................................................................ 59
7.2.2 Preferenties ................................................................................................................................... 60
7.2.3 Opportuniteiten ............................................................................................................................ 60
7.3 Verklaring van de neiging tot homogamie ......................................................................................... 62
7.4 Gender(on)gelijkheid op de partnermarkt ......................................................................................... 62
7.5 Online dating ...................................................................................................................................... 63
7.5.1 Wie maakt gebruik van online dating? .......................................................................................... 64
7.5.2 Homogamie in online dating ......................................................................................................... 64
7.5.3 Same-seks koppels ........................................................................................................................ 65
8 Singlehood ............................................................................................................................................ 66
8.1 Singles conceptualiseren .................................................................................................................... 66
8.2 Singlehood trends zijn geografisch afhankelijk .................................................................................. 66
8.3 Onderliggende dynamieken ............................................................................................................... 67
8.4 Singlisme ............................................................................................................................................ 68
8.5 Margot’s eigen onderzoek ................................................................................................................. 69
8.5.1 Resultaten ..................................................................................................................................... 69
9 Seksuele scripts ..................................................................................................................................... 71
9.1 Genderkoek ........................................................................................................................................ 71
9.2 Seksualiteit ......................................................................................................................................... 72
9.3 Cijfers uit Vlaanderen ......................................................................................................................... 73
9.4 Theorie ............................................................................................................................................... 74
9.4.1 Sociale scripts ................................................................................................................................ 74
9.4.2 Seksuele scripts ............................................................................................................................. 75
9.4.3 Voorbeeld tinder date ................................................................................................................... 78
3
, 9.5 Cases .................................................................................................................................................. 78
9.5.1 Sociologische relevantie ................................................................................................................ 79
9.5.2 Kritiek op de seksuele script theorie ............................................................................................. 80
9.6 Seksueel grensoverschrijdend gedrag (SGOG) ................................................................................... 81
9.6.1 Welke scripts zouden we als maatschappij moeten veranderen? ................................................ 83
9.7 Conclusie ............................................................................................................................................ 83
10 Intergenerationele mobiliteit ................................................................................................................ 84
10.1 Types van stratificatiesystemen ......................................................................................................... 84
10.2 Indicatoren van intergenerationele mobiliteit ................................................................................... 85
10.2.1 Rijkdom ..................................................................................................................................... 85
10.2.2 Professionele status ................................................................................................................. 87
10.2.3 Opleiding .................................................................................................................................. 88
10.3 Theoretische verklaringen voor intergenerationele mobiliteit ........................................................... 89
10.3.1 Structureel functionalisme ....................................................................................................... 89
10.3.2 Conflict theoretici ..................................................................................................................... 90
10.4 Culturele verklaringen ........................................................................................................................ 92
10.4.1 Culture of poverty (Oscar Lewis) .............................................................................................. 92
10.4.2 Pearce: unequal childhoods: class, race and family life ........................................................... 93
11 Examen ................................................................................................................................................. 95
4
,1 Inhoudsopgave
1. Wat is een familie ................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Doing family ......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1.1 De rol van het zelf en identiteit binnen het symbolisch interactionisme ....................................... 6
1.1.2 West & Zimmerman: doing gender ................................................................................................. 7
1.2 Kritische reflectie: familie, macht en ongelijkheid ............................................................................... 8
1.3 Conclusie .............................................................................................................................................. 8
2 Historisch perspectief op familieverandering in Europa .......................................................................... 9
2.1 De grand narratives ............................................................................................................................. 9
2.1.1 Parsons ............................................................................................................................................ 9
2.1.2 Goode: World revolution and family patterns .............................................................................. 12
2.2 De diversiteit aan familievormen in het pré- en vroeg industriële Europa ......................................... 14
2.2.1 Familievormen in pre-industrieel Europa ..................................................................................... 15
2.3 Industrialisatie en verandering in familievormen .............................................................................. 16
2.4 Familievormen na WO2 ..................................................................................................................... 17
2.5 Conclusie ............................................................................................................................................ 19
3 Huishoudelijke taakverdeling ................................................................................................................ 20
3.1 Wat is huishoudelijke taakverdeling? ................................................................................................ 20
3.1.1 Huishoudelijke taakverdeling vs kinderzorg .................................................................................. 21
3.2 Metingen huishoudelijke taakverdeling ............................................................................................. 21
3.2.1 Dagboekmethode .......................................................................................................................... 21
3.2.2 Directe bevraging .......................................................................................................................... 22
3.3 Prevalentie huishoudelijke taakverdeling .......................................................................................... 22
3.4 Theoretische perspectieven van huishoudelijke taakverdeling .......................................................... 24
3.4.1 Economische modellen ................................................................................................................. 24
3.4.2 Onderhandelingsmodellen ............................................................................................................ 26
3.4.3 Gender perspectief ........................................................................................................................ 27
3.4.4 Wat met same-seks koppels ......................................................................................................... 30
3.5 Macro-level perspectieven ................................................................................................................. 30
4 Familiebeleid binnen Europa ................................................................................................................. 32
4.1 Wat is familiebeleid............................................................................................................................ 32
4.2 Historische ontwikkeling in familiebeleid in Europa ........................................................................... 32
4.2.1 Familiebeleid voor WO2 ................................................................................................................ 34
4.2.2 Eerste uitbreiding: WO2 tot 1970 ................................................................................................. 34
4.2.3 Uitzonderingen .............................................................................................................................. 36
4.2.4 Tweede uitbreiding vanaf 1970..................................................................................................... 36
4.2.5 Vanaf 1990: groeiende aandacht voor vaders .............................................................................. 37
4.2.6 Verschuivingen in achterliggende doelen van familiebeleid ......................................................... 37
4.3 Hedendaags familiebeleid in Europa.................................................................................................. 38
4.4 Hoe kan de variatie verklaard worden: Esping-Anderson .................................................................. 38
4.4.1 Wollstonecraft’s dilemma ............................................................................................................. 40
4.4.2 Division of labor models ................................................................................................................ 41
4.5 Familiebeleid in België....................................................................................................................... 42
2
, 4.5.1 Kinderopvang ................................................................................................................................ 43
4.6 Impact van familiebeleid .................................................................................................................... 44
5 Gastles: Femma..................................................................................................................................... 46
5.1 Intersectionaliteit ............................................................................................................................... 46
5.2 Probleemanalyse en visie ................................................................................................................... 46
5.3 Oorzaken genderongelijkheid ............................................................................................................ 49
5.4 Combinatiemodel? ............................................................................................................................. 50
6 Liefde .................................................................................................................................................... 51
6.1 Wat is liefde?...................................................................................................................................... 51
6.1.1 Liefde is (niet) universeel .............................................................................................................. 51
6.2 Sociologische perspectieven op de liefde ........................................................................................... 52
6.2.1 Giddens: the transformation of intimacy; sexuality, love and eroticism in modern societies ...... 52
6.2.2 Bauman: Liquid love on the frailty of human bonds ..................................................................... 55
6.2.3 Beck & Beck- Gernsheim: The normal chaos of love ..................................................................... 57
7 Assortive mating ................................................................................................................................... 59
7.1 Wat is assortive mating? .................................................................................................................... 59
7.2 Het belang van de partnermarkt ........................................................................................................ 59
7.2.1 Noden ............................................................................................................................................ 59
7.2.2 Preferenties ................................................................................................................................... 60
7.2.3 Opportuniteiten ............................................................................................................................ 60
7.3 Verklaring van de neiging tot homogamie ......................................................................................... 62
7.4 Gender(on)gelijkheid op de partnermarkt ......................................................................................... 62
7.5 Online dating ...................................................................................................................................... 63
7.5.1 Wie maakt gebruik van online dating? .......................................................................................... 64
7.5.2 Homogamie in online dating ......................................................................................................... 64
7.5.3 Same-seks koppels ........................................................................................................................ 65
8 Singlehood ............................................................................................................................................ 66
8.1 Singles conceptualiseren .................................................................................................................... 66
8.2 Singlehood trends zijn geografisch afhankelijk .................................................................................. 66
8.3 Onderliggende dynamieken ............................................................................................................... 67
8.4 Singlisme ............................................................................................................................................ 68
8.5 Margot’s eigen onderzoek ................................................................................................................. 69
8.5.1 Resultaten ..................................................................................................................................... 69
9 Seksuele scripts ..................................................................................................................................... 71
9.1 Genderkoek ........................................................................................................................................ 71
9.2 Seksualiteit ......................................................................................................................................... 72
9.3 Cijfers uit Vlaanderen ......................................................................................................................... 73
9.4 Theorie ............................................................................................................................................... 74
9.4.1 Sociale scripts ................................................................................................................................ 74
9.4.2 Seksuele scripts ............................................................................................................................. 75
9.4.3 Voorbeeld tinder date ................................................................................................................... 78
3
, 9.5 Cases .................................................................................................................................................. 78
9.5.1 Sociologische relevantie ................................................................................................................ 79
9.5.2 Kritiek op de seksuele script theorie ............................................................................................. 80
9.6 Seksueel grensoverschrijdend gedrag (SGOG) ................................................................................... 81
9.6.1 Welke scripts zouden we als maatschappij moeten veranderen? ................................................ 83
9.7 Conclusie ............................................................................................................................................ 83
10 Intergenerationele mobiliteit ................................................................................................................ 84
10.1 Types van stratificatiesystemen ......................................................................................................... 84
10.2 Indicatoren van intergenerationele mobiliteit ................................................................................... 85
10.2.1 Rijkdom ..................................................................................................................................... 85
10.2.2 Professionele status ................................................................................................................. 87
10.2.3 Opleiding .................................................................................................................................. 88
10.3 Theoretische verklaringen voor intergenerationele mobiliteit ........................................................... 89
10.3.1 Structureel functionalisme ....................................................................................................... 89
10.3.2 Conflict theoretici ..................................................................................................................... 90
10.4 Culturele verklaringen ........................................................................................................................ 92
10.4.1 Culture of poverty (Oscar Lewis) .............................................................................................. 92
10.4.2 Pearce: unequal childhoods: class, race and family life ........................................................... 93
11 Examen ................................................................................................................................................. 95
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