NUR 224 EXAM #2 | Questions and Answers | Fall
2026/2027 Update | 100% Correct | pass!!! Graded a+
chlordiazepoxide is a - answer-benzodiazepine
benzodiazepines do what? - answer-relieve anxiety *rapidly*
benzodiazepines are used for.. - answer-anxiety and trauma related disorders
seizure disorders
alcohol withdrawal
insomnia
dissociative disorders
benzodiazepines decrease what body system - answer-CNS
complications of benzodiazepines - answer-CNS depression
teaching when a pt is first started on a benzo - answer-dont drive or operate heavy
machinery until you know how the med effects you
manifestations of oral benzo toxicity
how to treat it - answer-confusion, lethargy, drowsiness
gastric lavage followed by activated charcoal
manifestation of IV benzo toxicitiy
how to treat it - answer-respiratory depression, severe hypotension, cardiac/respiratory
arrest
flumazenil to counter sedation, monitor VS and airway
,should you stop benzos abruptly? why? - answer-no, will cause withdrawal
symptoms of benzo withdrawal - answer-anxiety
insomnia
diaphoresis
tremors
delirium
HTN
muscle twitching
seizures
what med is used for benzo withdrawal - answer-phenobarbital
benzo's have a high risk for - answer-dependency
buspirone is a - answer-non-barbiturate anxiolytic
purpose of buspirone - answer-to treat anxiety, but takes 2-6 weeks to reach full effect
dependency is much less likely with this medication (rather than benzos) - answer-
buspirone
do not use buspirone concurrently with... - answer-an MAOI or 14 days after stopping
one
CARDIAC - answer-...
what supplies the heart with oxygenated blood? - answer-coronary arteries
atherosclerosis - answer-hardening of arteries and lack of elasticity due to plaque build
up
cardiac output is - answer-heart rate x stroke volume
what is an average cardiac output - answer-5L
pre-load is - answer-filling of the ventricles during diastole
what kind of meds decrease pre-load - answer-nitro, vasodilators
contractility is - answer-the ability of the myocardium to contract
what kind of meds increase contractility - answer-digoxin and vasopressors
(norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine)
,after-load is - answer-the resistance against which the ventricle has to eject its blood
what kind of meds decrease after-load? - answer-ace inhibitors
parasympathetic nervous system does what to the body? cardiac wyse - answer-slows
heart rate and blood pressure
what does the sympathetic nervous system do to the heart - answer-increase heart rate
and BP
triglycerides are a combination of - answer-sugar and fat
normal triglycerides - answer-<150
normal LDL level - answer-<100 (<70 for cardiac patients)
normal HDL - answer->40-50
normal total cholesterol - answer-<200
what do statins do - answer-decrease cholesterol and LDL by inhibiting the synthesis of
cholesterol in the liver
exetimbe - answer-inhibits absorption of cholesterol in the bowel to lower it
niacin is - answer-a vitamin B that decreases cholesterol
side effect: flushing
cholestyramine is - answer-a drug often used for cirrhosis that binds with ammonia to
help excrete it
also used for people with low grade cholesterol
gemfibrozil is used to lower - answer-triglycerides. works in the liver
what is the purpose of a 12 lead ECG - answer-measures the electrical conduction of
the heart
used to look at rhythm disturbances and if the heart has had damage (STEMI or
NSTEMI)
what is the purpose of a stress echocardiogram - answer-to look at the muscular
activity of the heart (pump power)
what is the purpose of a pharmacologic stress echocardiogram? - answer-dye injected
to look at the muscular activity of the heart
, what is a TEE? what is it used for? - answer-transesophageal echo to get a clearer
picture of the heart than a regular echo
what is the purpose of a myocardial nuclear perfusion imaging? - answer-injection of
radioactive nucleotide to measure where you can perfuse (radioactive dye absorbs in
the places of the heart where it can perfuse)
what is the purpose of a electro physiologic testing - answer-way to ablate an abnormal
rhythm
what is the purpose of a cardiac angioplasty - answer-balloon that props the narrowed
artery open
what is the purpose of a cardiac catheterization - answer-to visualize which coronary
arteries are occluded and to what degree (where and how much?)
angina is - answer-a short interruption of blood flow to the heart causing chest pain
coronary artery disease is - answer-narrowing of the coronary arteries
chest pain means - answer-there is inadequate blood flow to a part of the heart
classic/stable angina - answer-myocardial ischemia is precipitated by activity and is
predictable. relieved by rest and nitrates
prinzmetal angina - answer-variant type of angina that occurs at rest or anything, cause
by vasospasm of the coronary arteries
how do you treat prinzmetal angina? - answer-calcium channel blockers (dipine!!)
unstable angina - answer-chest pain that occurs at rest or with exertion. increases in
severity, duration and quality. not promptly relieved with nitrates and rest
preinfarction syndrome is when.. - answer-the chest pain isn't relieved with 3 nitros.
need to go to the hospital
number 2 killers of patients with diabetes - answer-stroke and heart attack due to
accelerated plaque in the coronary arteries
retrosternal chest pain radiates into the - answer-back
manifestations of unstable angina - answer-retrosternal/substernal chest pain
tightness
tingling
indigestion
2026/2027 Update | 100% Correct | pass!!! Graded a+
chlordiazepoxide is a - answer-benzodiazepine
benzodiazepines do what? - answer-relieve anxiety *rapidly*
benzodiazepines are used for.. - answer-anxiety and trauma related disorders
seizure disorders
alcohol withdrawal
insomnia
dissociative disorders
benzodiazepines decrease what body system - answer-CNS
complications of benzodiazepines - answer-CNS depression
teaching when a pt is first started on a benzo - answer-dont drive or operate heavy
machinery until you know how the med effects you
manifestations of oral benzo toxicity
how to treat it - answer-confusion, lethargy, drowsiness
gastric lavage followed by activated charcoal
manifestation of IV benzo toxicitiy
how to treat it - answer-respiratory depression, severe hypotension, cardiac/respiratory
arrest
flumazenil to counter sedation, monitor VS and airway
,should you stop benzos abruptly? why? - answer-no, will cause withdrawal
symptoms of benzo withdrawal - answer-anxiety
insomnia
diaphoresis
tremors
delirium
HTN
muscle twitching
seizures
what med is used for benzo withdrawal - answer-phenobarbital
benzo's have a high risk for - answer-dependency
buspirone is a - answer-non-barbiturate anxiolytic
purpose of buspirone - answer-to treat anxiety, but takes 2-6 weeks to reach full effect
dependency is much less likely with this medication (rather than benzos) - answer-
buspirone
do not use buspirone concurrently with... - answer-an MAOI or 14 days after stopping
one
CARDIAC - answer-...
what supplies the heart with oxygenated blood? - answer-coronary arteries
atherosclerosis - answer-hardening of arteries and lack of elasticity due to plaque build
up
cardiac output is - answer-heart rate x stroke volume
what is an average cardiac output - answer-5L
pre-load is - answer-filling of the ventricles during diastole
what kind of meds decrease pre-load - answer-nitro, vasodilators
contractility is - answer-the ability of the myocardium to contract
what kind of meds increase contractility - answer-digoxin and vasopressors
(norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine)
,after-load is - answer-the resistance against which the ventricle has to eject its blood
what kind of meds decrease after-load? - answer-ace inhibitors
parasympathetic nervous system does what to the body? cardiac wyse - answer-slows
heart rate and blood pressure
what does the sympathetic nervous system do to the heart - answer-increase heart rate
and BP
triglycerides are a combination of - answer-sugar and fat
normal triglycerides - answer-<150
normal LDL level - answer-<100 (<70 for cardiac patients)
normal HDL - answer->40-50
normal total cholesterol - answer-<200
what do statins do - answer-decrease cholesterol and LDL by inhibiting the synthesis of
cholesterol in the liver
exetimbe - answer-inhibits absorption of cholesterol in the bowel to lower it
niacin is - answer-a vitamin B that decreases cholesterol
side effect: flushing
cholestyramine is - answer-a drug often used for cirrhosis that binds with ammonia to
help excrete it
also used for people with low grade cholesterol
gemfibrozil is used to lower - answer-triglycerides. works in the liver
what is the purpose of a 12 lead ECG - answer-measures the electrical conduction of
the heart
used to look at rhythm disturbances and if the heart has had damage (STEMI or
NSTEMI)
what is the purpose of a stress echocardiogram - answer-to look at the muscular
activity of the heart (pump power)
what is the purpose of a pharmacologic stress echocardiogram? - answer-dye injected
to look at the muscular activity of the heart
, what is a TEE? what is it used for? - answer-transesophageal echo to get a clearer
picture of the heart than a regular echo
what is the purpose of a myocardial nuclear perfusion imaging? - answer-injection of
radioactive nucleotide to measure where you can perfuse (radioactive dye absorbs in
the places of the heart where it can perfuse)
what is the purpose of a electro physiologic testing - answer-way to ablate an abnormal
rhythm
what is the purpose of a cardiac angioplasty - answer-balloon that props the narrowed
artery open
what is the purpose of a cardiac catheterization - answer-to visualize which coronary
arteries are occluded and to what degree (where and how much?)
angina is - answer-a short interruption of blood flow to the heart causing chest pain
coronary artery disease is - answer-narrowing of the coronary arteries
chest pain means - answer-there is inadequate blood flow to a part of the heart
classic/stable angina - answer-myocardial ischemia is precipitated by activity and is
predictable. relieved by rest and nitrates
prinzmetal angina - answer-variant type of angina that occurs at rest or anything, cause
by vasospasm of the coronary arteries
how do you treat prinzmetal angina? - answer-calcium channel blockers (dipine!!)
unstable angina - answer-chest pain that occurs at rest or with exertion. increases in
severity, duration and quality. not promptly relieved with nitrates and rest
preinfarction syndrome is when.. - answer-the chest pain isn't relieved with 3 nitros.
need to go to the hospital
number 2 killers of patients with diabetes - answer-stroke and heart attack due to
accelerated plaque in the coronary arteries
retrosternal chest pain radiates into the - answer-back
manifestations of unstable angina - answer-retrosternal/substernal chest pain
tightness
tingling
indigestion
