Rasmussen College MDC 3 Final Exam
Complete Questions with Outlined
Answers
MDC 3 Final Exam Rasmussen College
Heart Failure Causes
Causes:
» Left: HTN, CAD, valvular ds
» Right: may be caused by left ventricular failure, Right ventricular MI, pulmonary HTN (cor
pulmonale)
MI
most serious acute coronary syndrome, tissue abruptly & severely deprived of O2
•S/S: CX pain, epigastric pain, jaw, back, shoulder or arm, SOB, palpitations
- Diaphoresis, N/V, weakness, dizziness
• Dx: no single test to Dx, most common, Troponin T and I, ECG
• Tx: MONA, heparin, beta blockers, CCBs, nitro
• Inter: Semi-fowler’s, quiet/calm environment, assess lungs,
MONA
Morphine Oxygen Nitroglycerin Aspirin
Valvular disorders
• Tx: diuretics, beta blockers, ACEI, digoxin, O2, valve replacement
• Inter: prophylactic Abx therapy prior to certain procedures
• Edu: life-long meds, heart-healthy diet, watch for Vit K for valve replacement (Warfarin)
Mitral Regurgitation
, prevent mitral valve from closing completely during systole. Allowing blood back into the LA
when LV contracts
• Causes: MPV and rheumatic heart ds
• S/S: High-pitched systolic murmur at apex w/ radiation to L axilla, remain asymptomatic for
years, aFib, DOE, orthopnea, anxiety, atypical cx pain.
Mitral Stenosis
valve leaflets fuse and become stiff narrowing valve opening
- increase pressure in the LA l/t. RV hypertrophy
• Causes: rheumatic carditis, rheumatic fever, congenital abnormalities
• S/S: DOE, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND), palpitations, dry cough
- Hemoptysis, rumbling, diastolic murmur
• Dx: CXR shows L atrial enlargement, prominent pulmonary arteries, and enlarged R ventricle
Mitral Valve Prolapse
valvular leaflets enlarges and prolapse into LA during systole
• Causes: Marfan syndrome and other congenital defects, familial tendency
• S/S: Midsystolic click and late systolic murmur at apex of heart, may have CP, palpitations,
exercise intolerance
Aortic Regurgitation
aortic valve leaflets do not close properly during diastole
• Causes: Infective endocarditis, congenital valvular abnormalities, HTN, Marfan syndrome
• S/S: signs of L HF – high pitched, blow, decrescendo diastolic murmur- DOE, orthopnea, PND,
nocturnal angina
Aortic Stenosis
most common, considered a ds of “wear and tear”.
- Aortic valve orifice narrows and obstructs L ventricular outflow during systole
- Ventricular hypertrophy
• Causes: Congenital bicuspid/unicuspid, rheumatic ds of the mitral valve, atherosclerosis
Complete Questions with Outlined
Answers
MDC 3 Final Exam Rasmussen College
Heart Failure Causes
Causes:
» Left: HTN, CAD, valvular ds
» Right: may be caused by left ventricular failure, Right ventricular MI, pulmonary HTN (cor
pulmonale)
MI
most serious acute coronary syndrome, tissue abruptly & severely deprived of O2
•S/S: CX pain, epigastric pain, jaw, back, shoulder or arm, SOB, palpitations
- Diaphoresis, N/V, weakness, dizziness
• Dx: no single test to Dx, most common, Troponin T and I, ECG
• Tx: MONA, heparin, beta blockers, CCBs, nitro
• Inter: Semi-fowler’s, quiet/calm environment, assess lungs,
MONA
Morphine Oxygen Nitroglycerin Aspirin
Valvular disorders
• Tx: diuretics, beta blockers, ACEI, digoxin, O2, valve replacement
• Inter: prophylactic Abx therapy prior to certain procedures
• Edu: life-long meds, heart-healthy diet, watch for Vit K for valve replacement (Warfarin)
Mitral Regurgitation
, prevent mitral valve from closing completely during systole. Allowing blood back into the LA
when LV contracts
• Causes: MPV and rheumatic heart ds
• S/S: High-pitched systolic murmur at apex w/ radiation to L axilla, remain asymptomatic for
years, aFib, DOE, orthopnea, anxiety, atypical cx pain.
Mitral Stenosis
valve leaflets fuse and become stiff narrowing valve opening
- increase pressure in the LA l/t. RV hypertrophy
• Causes: rheumatic carditis, rheumatic fever, congenital abnormalities
• S/S: DOE, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND), palpitations, dry cough
- Hemoptysis, rumbling, diastolic murmur
• Dx: CXR shows L atrial enlargement, prominent pulmonary arteries, and enlarged R ventricle
Mitral Valve Prolapse
valvular leaflets enlarges and prolapse into LA during systole
• Causes: Marfan syndrome and other congenital defects, familial tendency
• S/S: Midsystolic click and late systolic murmur at apex of heart, may have CP, palpitations,
exercise intolerance
Aortic Regurgitation
aortic valve leaflets do not close properly during diastole
• Causes: Infective endocarditis, congenital valvular abnormalities, HTN, Marfan syndrome
• S/S: signs of L HF – high pitched, blow, decrescendo diastolic murmur- DOE, orthopnea, PND,
nocturnal angina
Aortic Stenosis
most common, considered a ds of “wear and tear”.
- Aortic valve orifice narrows and obstructs L ventricular outflow during systole
- Ventricular hypertrophy
• Causes: Congenital bicuspid/unicuspid, rheumatic ds of the mitral valve, atherosclerosis
