Inhoud
H1 - Training in organisaties.................................................................................. 9
Doelen van H1.................................................................................................... 9
A: Training: system en processen.......................................................................9
B: Het ADDIE model.......................................................................................... 10
ANALYSE........................................................................................................ 11
DESIGN.......................................................................................................... 11
DEVELOPMENT............................................................................................... 12
IMPLEMENTATIE............................................................................................. 12
EVALUATIE..................................................................................................... 13
C: Alternatieve trainingsproces modellen.........................................................14
E: belangrijke concepten en betekenissen........................................................14
F: Key Issues voor training................................................................................16
G: een carrière in opleiding (ik sla dit stuk over)..............................................16
H: Focus op kleine bedrijven.............................................................................17
I: oefening op einde van hoofdstuk 1................................................................17
J: Questions for review...................................................................................... 17
H4 – TNA: Training Needs Analysis.......................................................................18
Wat?.................................................................................................................. 18
Doelen van H4.................................................................................................. 18
Doel van TNA?.................................................................................................. 18
Wanneer geen TNA uitvoeren?.........................................................................19
Het TNA-model.................................................................................................. 19
Waar moet je PG’s zoeken?...............................................................................21
Hoe data/input verzamelen?............................................................................. 22
Methode 1: Analyse van de organisatie.........................................................22
Methode 2: Analyse van de processen (operational analysis).......................23
Methode 3: Analyse van de medewerkers.....................................................27
Final thoughts bij verzamelen van data voor de TNA.....................................31
Snelle behoefteanalyse..................................................................................... 31
TNA Output....................................................................................................... 32
Proactieve TNA en Reactieve TNA.....................................................................34
Proactieve TNA.............................................................................................. 34
Reactieve TNA............................................................................................... 35
Focus on small business................................................................................... 36
Appendix 4.1:................................................................................................... 36
,H5 – Training DESIGN........................................................................................... 38
Doelen van H5.................................................................................................. 38
Overzicht.......................................................................................................... 39
Organizational constraints (belemmeringen)....................................................40
Het opstellen van doelen..................................................................................41
Een goed doel bestaat uit 3 onderdelen........................................................41
Een goed doel opstellen................................................................................ 42
Purpose Statements: kort hoofddoel.............................................................43
Waarom Trainingsdoelen gebruiken?................................................................44
Leer- en transfermodel (Baldwin & Ford) (uit HC 3)..........................................45
Faciliteren van LEREN: focus op de trainee.......................................................46
Motivatie van de trainee................................................................................ 46
Faciliteren van LEREN: focus op training ontwerp.............................................49
Social Learning Theory = SLT (Bandura)........................................................49
Elaboration theory (ET).................................................................................. 50
Gagné-Brigs model en SLT (van Bandura).....................................................52
Strategic knowledge...................................................................................... 53
Experiential learning: een héél belangrijk designonderdeel..........................54
Faciliteren van TRANSFER: focus op training.....................................................55
Conditions of practice (omstandigheden van de oefening)...........................55
Goal setting................................................................................................... 57
Relapse prevention........................................................................................ 57
Faciliteren van TRANSFER: focus op organisatorische interventies...................58
Supervisor support........................................................................................ 58
Peer support.................................................................................................. 58
Trainer support.............................................................................................. 58
Reward system.............................................................................................. 58
Evaluatie van gedrag en resultaten...............................................................58
Klimaat en cultuur......................................................................................... 58
Focus op kleine ondernemingen.......................................................................59
Outcome van het design…............................................................................... 59
Alternatieve manieren van instructie:...........................................................59
Evaluatiedoelen............................................................................................. 59
Samenvatting van H5....................................................................................... 61
H6: Traditionele trainingmethodes.......................................................................63
overzicht........................................................................................................... 63
lectures en demonstraties................................................................................63
, Straight lecture.............................................................................................. 63
Lecture/discussion methode..........................................................................65
Demonstrations............................................................................................. 65
Sterktes en zwaktes van Lectures en Demonstrations..................................65
karakteristieken van de trainee group...........................................................66
Games en simulations...................................................................................... 67
Equipment simulators.................................................................................... 67
Business games............................................................................................. 67
In-Basket technique (postvakoefening).........................................................67
Case Studies.................................................................................................. 68
Rollenspel...................................................................................................... 68
Behavior Modeling......................................................................................... 69
Oefeningen en Activiteiten............................................................................70
SAMENGEVAT.................................................................................................... 72
Blended learning.................................................................................................. 72
On-the-job-training.............................................................................................. 73
Leren gebeurt dan meestal via JIT (Job Instruction Techniques):.......................73
OJT via “apprenticeship training”......................................................................74
Coaching........................................................................................................... 74
Mentoring......................................................................................................... 75
Matching methods with outcome.........................................................................77
Informal learning.................................................................................................. 77
Audiovisuele versterking van training..................................................................78
statische media................................................................................................ 78
dynamische media = audio en video................................................................78
H7 – Elektronische trainingsmethoden................................................................81
Het Learning Technology Ecosystem.................................................................81
Delivery Channel Options................................................................................. 82
Webinars én online instructeur-geleide cursussen.........................................82
Online communities....................................................................................... 82
Remote mentoring......................................................................................... 82
E-learning...................................................................................................... 82
Online games en online simulations..............................................................82
Virtual labs.................................................................................................... 82
Artificial intelligence...................................................................................... 83
Toegankelijkheidsoverwegingen....................................................................83
LMS: Learning Management Systems...............................................................83
, E-training delivery systems..............................................................................83
Technologie-ondersteunde training...................................................................84
Afstemmen van leveringsmethode op het trainingsdoel...............................85
Sterktes en beperkingen van e-training............................................................85
Learning Objectives (KSA’s)...........................................................................86
H8 - Development, implementation and transfer of training...............................87
Doelen van H8.................................................................................................. 87
Ontwikkeling van training.................................................................................88
keuze instructiemethode............................................................................... 88
Instructiestrategie (= trainingsplan).................................................................88
Leerdoelen georganiseerd in Trainingmodules met Leerpunten....................88
De Trainer......................................................................................................... 92
Trainercapaciteiten........................................................................................ 92
Ervaring en geloofwaardigheid van de trainer...............................................92
OJT-trainers.................................................................................................... 93
Gebruik van externe middelen voor training.................................................93
Implementatiefase: input – process – output.......................................................94
Implementatie-ideeën voor trainingsstructuur.................................................95
Implementatie ideeën voor trainers.................................................................96
Dry Run............................................................................................................. 97
Pilootprogramma.............................................................................................. 97
Transfer van de training.................................................................................... 97
H9 – Evaluatie van trainingen.............................................................................. 98
Doelen van H9.................................................................................................. 98
9.1 Weerstand tegen evalueren… de 3 hoofdexcuses:.....................................99
9.2 Voordelen van evalueren............................................................................ 99
9.3 Soorten verzamelde evaluatiedata.............................................................99
9.3.1 Procesevaluatie.................................................................................... 99
9.3.2 Outcome evalutie............................................................................... 102
9.3.3: Kosten/batenanalyse.........................................................................106
9.3.4 Wanneer en welk type evaluatie gebruiken?......................................107
Focus op kleine bedrijven...............................................................................107
Samengevat................................................................................................... 107
.................................................................................................................... 118
Supervisor support...................................................................................... 139
Peer support................................................................................................ 139
Trainer support............................................................................................ 139
H1 - Training in organisaties.................................................................................. 9
Doelen van H1.................................................................................................... 9
A: Training: system en processen.......................................................................9
B: Het ADDIE model.......................................................................................... 10
ANALYSE........................................................................................................ 11
DESIGN.......................................................................................................... 11
DEVELOPMENT............................................................................................... 12
IMPLEMENTATIE............................................................................................. 12
EVALUATIE..................................................................................................... 13
C: Alternatieve trainingsproces modellen.........................................................14
E: belangrijke concepten en betekenissen........................................................14
F: Key Issues voor training................................................................................16
G: een carrière in opleiding (ik sla dit stuk over)..............................................16
H: Focus op kleine bedrijven.............................................................................17
I: oefening op einde van hoofdstuk 1................................................................17
J: Questions for review...................................................................................... 17
H4 – TNA: Training Needs Analysis.......................................................................18
Wat?.................................................................................................................. 18
Doelen van H4.................................................................................................. 18
Doel van TNA?.................................................................................................. 18
Wanneer geen TNA uitvoeren?.........................................................................19
Het TNA-model.................................................................................................. 19
Waar moet je PG’s zoeken?...............................................................................21
Hoe data/input verzamelen?............................................................................. 22
Methode 1: Analyse van de organisatie.........................................................22
Methode 2: Analyse van de processen (operational analysis).......................23
Methode 3: Analyse van de medewerkers.....................................................27
Final thoughts bij verzamelen van data voor de TNA.....................................31
Snelle behoefteanalyse..................................................................................... 31
TNA Output....................................................................................................... 32
Proactieve TNA en Reactieve TNA.....................................................................34
Proactieve TNA.............................................................................................. 34
Reactieve TNA............................................................................................... 35
Focus on small business................................................................................... 36
Appendix 4.1:................................................................................................... 36
,H5 – Training DESIGN........................................................................................... 38
Doelen van H5.................................................................................................. 38
Overzicht.......................................................................................................... 39
Organizational constraints (belemmeringen)....................................................40
Het opstellen van doelen..................................................................................41
Een goed doel bestaat uit 3 onderdelen........................................................41
Een goed doel opstellen................................................................................ 42
Purpose Statements: kort hoofddoel.............................................................43
Waarom Trainingsdoelen gebruiken?................................................................44
Leer- en transfermodel (Baldwin & Ford) (uit HC 3)..........................................45
Faciliteren van LEREN: focus op de trainee.......................................................46
Motivatie van de trainee................................................................................ 46
Faciliteren van LEREN: focus op training ontwerp.............................................49
Social Learning Theory = SLT (Bandura)........................................................49
Elaboration theory (ET).................................................................................. 50
Gagné-Brigs model en SLT (van Bandura).....................................................52
Strategic knowledge...................................................................................... 53
Experiential learning: een héél belangrijk designonderdeel..........................54
Faciliteren van TRANSFER: focus op training.....................................................55
Conditions of practice (omstandigheden van de oefening)...........................55
Goal setting................................................................................................... 57
Relapse prevention........................................................................................ 57
Faciliteren van TRANSFER: focus op organisatorische interventies...................58
Supervisor support........................................................................................ 58
Peer support.................................................................................................. 58
Trainer support.............................................................................................. 58
Reward system.............................................................................................. 58
Evaluatie van gedrag en resultaten...............................................................58
Klimaat en cultuur......................................................................................... 58
Focus op kleine ondernemingen.......................................................................59
Outcome van het design…............................................................................... 59
Alternatieve manieren van instructie:...........................................................59
Evaluatiedoelen............................................................................................. 59
Samenvatting van H5....................................................................................... 61
H6: Traditionele trainingmethodes.......................................................................63
overzicht........................................................................................................... 63
lectures en demonstraties................................................................................63
, Straight lecture.............................................................................................. 63
Lecture/discussion methode..........................................................................65
Demonstrations............................................................................................. 65
Sterktes en zwaktes van Lectures en Demonstrations..................................65
karakteristieken van de trainee group...........................................................66
Games en simulations...................................................................................... 67
Equipment simulators.................................................................................... 67
Business games............................................................................................. 67
In-Basket technique (postvakoefening).........................................................67
Case Studies.................................................................................................. 68
Rollenspel...................................................................................................... 68
Behavior Modeling......................................................................................... 69
Oefeningen en Activiteiten............................................................................70
SAMENGEVAT.................................................................................................... 72
Blended learning.................................................................................................. 72
On-the-job-training.............................................................................................. 73
Leren gebeurt dan meestal via JIT (Job Instruction Techniques):.......................73
OJT via “apprenticeship training”......................................................................74
Coaching........................................................................................................... 74
Mentoring......................................................................................................... 75
Matching methods with outcome.........................................................................77
Informal learning.................................................................................................. 77
Audiovisuele versterking van training..................................................................78
statische media................................................................................................ 78
dynamische media = audio en video................................................................78
H7 – Elektronische trainingsmethoden................................................................81
Het Learning Technology Ecosystem.................................................................81
Delivery Channel Options................................................................................. 82
Webinars én online instructeur-geleide cursussen.........................................82
Online communities....................................................................................... 82
Remote mentoring......................................................................................... 82
E-learning...................................................................................................... 82
Online games en online simulations..............................................................82
Virtual labs.................................................................................................... 82
Artificial intelligence...................................................................................... 83
Toegankelijkheidsoverwegingen....................................................................83
LMS: Learning Management Systems...............................................................83
, E-training delivery systems..............................................................................83
Technologie-ondersteunde training...................................................................84
Afstemmen van leveringsmethode op het trainingsdoel...............................85
Sterktes en beperkingen van e-training............................................................85
Learning Objectives (KSA’s)...........................................................................86
H8 - Development, implementation and transfer of training...............................87
Doelen van H8.................................................................................................. 87
Ontwikkeling van training.................................................................................88
keuze instructiemethode............................................................................... 88
Instructiestrategie (= trainingsplan).................................................................88
Leerdoelen georganiseerd in Trainingmodules met Leerpunten....................88
De Trainer......................................................................................................... 92
Trainercapaciteiten........................................................................................ 92
Ervaring en geloofwaardigheid van de trainer...............................................92
OJT-trainers.................................................................................................... 93
Gebruik van externe middelen voor training.................................................93
Implementatiefase: input – process – output.......................................................94
Implementatie-ideeën voor trainingsstructuur.................................................95
Implementatie ideeën voor trainers.................................................................96
Dry Run............................................................................................................. 97
Pilootprogramma.............................................................................................. 97
Transfer van de training.................................................................................... 97
H9 – Evaluatie van trainingen.............................................................................. 98
Doelen van H9.................................................................................................. 98
9.1 Weerstand tegen evalueren… de 3 hoofdexcuses:.....................................99
9.2 Voordelen van evalueren............................................................................ 99
9.3 Soorten verzamelde evaluatiedata.............................................................99
9.3.1 Procesevaluatie.................................................................................... 99
9.3.2 Outcome evalutie............................................................................... 102
9.3.3: Kosten/batenanalyse.........................................................................106
9.3.4 Wanneer en welk type evaluatie gebruiken?......................................107
Focus op kleine bedrijven...............................................................................107
Samengevat................................................................................................... 107
.................................................................................................................... 118
Supervisor support...................................................................................... 139
Peer support................................................................................................ 139
Trainer support............................................................................................ 139
