HOSA Forensic Science comprehensive set of
questions and well detailed answers with verified
solutions.
Locard's Principle of Exchange - ANSWER: contact between people and objects
during a crime can result in a transfer of material
direct evidence - ANSWER: evidence (if true) that proves a fact (eyewitness
account)
circumstantial evidence - ANSWER: evidence that does not directly support a fact
(blood stain or fingerprint)
physical evidence - ANSWER: an object used to support elements of a crime
biological evidence - ANSWER: organic matter used to support elements of a
crime
class evidence - ANSWER: evidence that narrows an identity to a group of
persons or things
individual evidence - ANSWER: evidence that narrows identity to a single person
or thing
trace evidence - ANSWER: a small amount of physical or biological evidence
crime-scene investigation team - ANSWER: police officers, detectives, crime-
scene investigators, medical examiners, and specialists
crime-scene investigation - ANSWER: recognize, document, photograph, and
collect evidence
,first-responding officer - ANSWER: identify extent of crime scene, secure the
scene, and separate witnesses
primary crime scene - ANSWER: location of where the crime took place
secondary crime scene - ANSWER: alternate location where additional evidence
can be collected
crime-scene investigator - ANSWER: processes crime scenes (recognize,
document, and preserve evidence)
triangulation - ANSWER: mathematical method of calculating the location of an
object based on the position of other objects
paper bindle - ANSWER: folded paper used to hold evidence
chain of custody - ANSWER: document that records how and when evidence has
been handled
datum point - ANSWER: a permanent, fixed point of reference used in mapping a
crime scene
crime-scene reconstruction - ANSWER: forming a hypothesis of the sequence of
evidence before, during, and after the crime
forensic laboratory - ANSWER: where evidence is analyzed
detective - ANSWER: develops a possible crime-scene scenario
, toxicology - ANSWER: the study of poisons, toxins, drugs, and other substances
people use for medical, recreational, or criminal purposes
handling substance evidence - ANSWER: process it, weigh it, separate it, identify
it
forensic toxicology - ANSWER: science of determining relationship between
exposure to a substance and toxic or lethal effects of exposure on humans
poisons - ANSWER: natural or manufactured chemicals that can cause severe
harm
toxins - ANSWER: naturally occurring poisonous substances living things produce
toxicologist - ANSWER: examines the effects of harmful substances on the body,
establishes cause and effect of exposure, and develops treatments and techniques
for detection
toxicity - ANSWER: degree to which a substance is harmful to a person at a given
time
factors of toxicity - ANSWER: dose, duration, nature of exposure, interactions, by-
products when broken down or metabolized
questions for toxicological testing - ANSWER: which substances?
illegal components?
how much of each?
presumptive testing - ANSWER: preliminary chemical tests performed by first-
responding officers to identify a substance (does not provide positive confirmation)
questions and well detailed answers with verified
solutions.
Locard's Principle of Exchange - ANSWER: contact between people and objects
during a crime can result in a transfer of material
direct evidence - ANSWER: evidence (if true) that proves a fact (eyewitness
account)
circumstantial evidence - ANSWER: evidence that does not directly support a fact
(blood stain or fingerprint)
physical evidence - ANSWER: an object used to support elements of a crime
biological evidence - ANSWER: organic matter used to support elements of a
crime
class evidence - ANSWER: evidence that narrows an identity to a group of
persons or things
individual evidence - ANSWER: evidence that narrows identity to a single person
or thing
trace evidence - ANSWER: a small amount of physical or biological evidence
crime-scene investigation team - ANSWER: police officers, detectives, crime-
scene investigators, medical examiners, and specialists
crime-scene investigation - ANSWER: recognize, document, photograph, and
collect evidence
,first-responding officer - ANSWER: identify extent of crime scene, secure the
scene, and separate witnesses
primary crime scene - ANSWER: location of where the crime took place
secondary crime scene - ANSWER: alternate location where additional evidence
can be collected
crime-scene investigator - ANSWER: processes crime scenes (recognize,
document, and preserve evidence)
triangulation - ANSWER: mathematical method of calculating the location of an
object based on the position of other objects
paper bindle - ANSWER: folded paper used to hold evidence
chain of custody - ANSWER: document that records how and when evidence has
been handled
datum point - ANSWER: a permanent, fixed point of reference used in mapping a
crime scene
crime-scene reconstruction - ANSWER: forming a hypothesis of the sequence of
evidence before, during, and after the crime
forensic laboratory - ANSWER: where evidence is analyzed
detective - ANSWER: develops a possible crime-scene scenario
, toxicology - ANSWER: the study of poisons, toxins, drugs, and other substances
people use for medical, recreational, or criminal purposes
handling substance evidence - ANSWER: process it, weigh it, separate it, identify
it
forensic toxicology - ANSWER: science of determining relationship between
exposure to a substance and toxic or lethal effects of exposure on humans
poisons - ANSWER: natural or manufactured chemicals that can cause severe
harm
toxins - ANSWER: naturally occurring poisonous substances living things produce
toxicologist - ANSWER: examines the effects of harmful substances on the body,
establishes cause and effect of exposure, and develops treatments and techniques
for detection
toxicity - ANSWER: degree to which a substance is harmful to a person at a given
time
factors of toxicity - ANSWER: dose, duration, nature of exposure, interactions, by-
products when broken down or metabolized
questions for toxicological testing - ANSWER: which substances?
illegal components?
how much of each?
presumptive testing - ANSWER: preliminary chemical tests performed by first-
responding officers to identify a substance (does not provide positive confirmation)
