NSG 4100 Exam 1 Study Guide 2025: Nursing Research & Evidence-Based Practice

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EXAM 1: NSG4100 / NSG 4100 (LATEST

UPDATES STUDY BUNDLE PACKAGE WITH SOLUTIONS)

NURSING PRACTICE - ADULT HEALTH III | QUESTIONS

& ANSWERS | GRADE A | 100% CORRECT - GALEN

Signs and Symptoms of Uremia .....ANSWER.....Fatigue, SOB,

unexplained weight loss, N/V, muscle cramps. change in mental

status, metallic taste in mouth, pruritus.

Pathophysiology of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

.....ANSWER.....Renal function declines and end products of

protein metabolism accumulate in the blood. Uremia develops

and adversely affects every system in the body. Usually

associated with a low GFR. The more waste products in the

system the more severe the symptoms.

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Uremic Pericarditis .....ANSWER.....Inflammation and irritation of

the visceral and parietal layers of the pericardium by metabolic

toxins that accumulate due to renal failure.

Uremic Treatment .....ANSWER.....Diuretics and Hemodialysis and

if the patient is already on hemodialysis we need to intensify it.

Clinical manifestations of fluid overload in ESRD

.....ANSWER.....Pericarditis, pericardial effusions/tamponade,

pulmonary infiltrates, JVD, edema, HF, hypertension,

hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis

BUN normal range .....ANSWER.....10-20

Creatinine normal range .....ANSWER.....0.5-1.2

Sodium normal range .....ANSWER.....135-145

Potassium Normal range .....ANSWER.....3.5-5

Magnesium normal range .....ANSWER.....1.5-2.5 (high in ESRD

pt)

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Normal urine output range .....ANSWER.....30mL/hr

Dietary restrictions for patients with ESRD .....ANSWER.....Low

protein, low potassium, no potatoes or oranges or citrus fruits, no

salt substitute, fluid restrictions

How much protein is allowed in a patient with ESRD?

.....ANSWER.....1.2-1.5 mg/kg/day

What medications are used to treat ESRD?

.....ANSWER.....Calcium acetate/carbonate, Phosphate-binding

agents (Phoslo, Renagel), Erythropoeitin, Antihypertensive and

cardiac medication, Ionotropes, Anticonvulsants

What are important topics for patient education in ESRD?

.....ANSWER.....Dietary education, S/S of hyperkalemia (muscle

cramps, urine abnormalities, respiratory distress, decrease

cardiac contractility, EGK changes, decrease reflexes, tingling in

hands and feet, paralysis), worsening S/S of kidney disease

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(anemia, difficulty breathing, nocturia, swelling and puffiness of

feet and ankles, high BP, changes in mental status, poor digestion

Possible complications after Hemodialysis

.....ANSWER.....Bleeding, Infection, and Hypotension

What type of medication should be held before dialysis?

.....ANSWER.....Antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic medications

What metabolic imbalance is common with ESRD?

.....ANSWER.....Metabolic Acidosis (pH lower than 7.35, HCO3

lower than 22, CO2 normal 35-45)

What type of patient is a candidate for CRRT?

.....ANSWER.....Clinically unstable patient who are hypotensive,

patient with fluid overload secondary to oliguric kidney disease,

patient who kidneys cannot handle their acutely high metabolic

or nutritional needs.

Nursing interventions/Care of a post nephrectomy patient.

.....ANSWER.....Assess Respiratory status, loot at drainage tubes