NSG 232 Exam #2 Comprehensive Questions With Complete
Solutions
______ are the earliest lesions associated with atherosclerosis
and appear around age 15. Lowering LDL may reverse this
process. Correct Answers Fatty streaks (in smooth muscle cells)
______ is a vitamin that has been shown to be effective in
lowering LDL and triglyceride levels but has many side effects
like flushing, pruritis, GI disturbances, and orthostatic
hypotension. Correct Answers Niacin
______ is chest pain that occurs when a person is lying down
and is relieved by standing or sitting up. Correct Answers
Angina decubitus
______ is the clinical manifestation of reversible myocardial
ischemia. Correct Answers Angina
_______ angina occurs at rest and is usually in response to a
spasm of a major coronary artery. It is common in patients with
a hx of migraines. Correct Answers Prinzmetals angina
________ is a drug used to treat chronic angina that prolongs the
QT interval. For this reason it should only be used aftr other
meds have been unsuccessful and in conjunction with beta
blockers, nitrates or amlodipine. Correct Answers Ranolazine
_________ are a group of drugs that have been found to
decrease morbidity and mortality in patients with CAD,
especially following an MI. Correct Answers Beta blockers
,1785 William Withering England Correct Answers used
digitalis to alleviate dropsy-> edema of the extremities caused
by kidney and cardiac insufficiency
A _______ is the most dangerous stage of formation during
atherosclerosis. Continuation of development leads to instability
and can result in the development of a thrombus. Correct
Answers Complicated lesion
A pathologic Q wave is defined as: Correct Answers - >= 25%
of R wave
- or, >0.03 seconds
A-fib is characterized by an atrial rate of? and a ventricle rate
of? Correct Answers 350-600 bpm
vent - 50-180 (more important figure)
ABSOLUTE hypovolemia results when_ Correct Answers
_fluid is lost through hemorrhage, GI loss (vomiting/diarrhea),
fistula drainage, diabetes insipidus, or diuresis.
After endotracheal administration of Atropine, what should be
done? Correct Answers The client should be ventilated
vigorously with a bag vale device to enhance the absorption of
the drug.
After the onset of a-fib, the passage of how much time is
significant? Correct Answers < 48 h - cardiovert w/ meds or
EdMed
> 48 h - if a-sx, need anticoagulant stat
,Albuterol has what effect on HR? Correct Answers Increases
HR
Although rare, what are the risks associated with use of statin
medications to control serum lipid levels? Correct Answers
Liver damage, myopathy that progresses to rhabdomyolysis
Antiplatelets are mainly given prophylactically to prevent: (3)
Correct Answers - MI or stroke in pts w/ familial hx
- repeat MI or stroke
- stroke for clients having TIAs
Antiplatelets are used to: Correct Answers Prevent thrombosis
in arteries by supprressing platelet aggregation.
(Heparin/warfarin are given to suppress th. in veins)
Arterial blood pressure Correct Answers peripheral resistance
and cardiac output
As a last resort, how should Atropine be administered? Correct
Answers Endotracheal tube (ETT) route.
atria walls Correct Answers thin->less pumping action and
recieve blood from circulation and lungs
atrioventricular valves Correct Answers tricuspid->right
mitral->left
, AV node Correct Answers posterior right side of the interatrial
septum-> has continuous tract of fibers called the bundle of His
(AV bundle)->pacemaker-> 40 to 60 bpm
blocked cornonary arteries Correct Answers can lead to
myocardial infarction
Blood Correct Answers plasma, red blood cells (erythrocytes),
white blood cells (leukocytes), platelets
cardiac glycosides Correct Answers inhibit the sodium
potassium pump-> ^ in intracellular sodium
^ leads to -> calcium influx->cardiac muscle contractions more
efficiently
Cardiac output Correct Answers stroke volume times heart rate
4-8 L per minute
Blood ejected from left ventricle=70 ML per beat
Cardiac Output Diagram Correct Answers Stroke Volume
↓
Preload----->Contractility------>Afterload
↓↓↓
Vent filling->Vent Contraction->Systemic Vascular Resistance
Catheter ablation tx to "burn" areas of the cardiac conduction
sys. is indicated for tx of: Correct Answers Tachydysrhythmias
- burns ectopic sites in atria.
CHF Correct Answers When compensatory mechanisms fail
and the lung tissues are congested
Solutions
______ are the earliest lesions associated with atherosclerosis
and appear around age 15. Lowering LDL may reverse this
process. Correct Answers Fatty streaks (in smooth muscle cells)
______ is a vitamin that has been shown to be effective in
lowering LDL and triglyceride levels but has many side effects
like flushing, pruritis, GI disturbances, and orthostatic
hypotension. Correct Answers Niacin
______ is chest pain that occurs when a person is lying down
and is relieved by standing or sitting up. Correct Answers
Angina decubitus
______ is the clinical manifestation of reversible myocardial
ischemia. Correct Answers Angina
_______ angina occurs at rest and is usually in response to a
spasm of a major coronary artery. It is common in patients with
a hx of migraines. Correct Answers Prinzmetals angina
________ is a drug used to treat chronic angina that prolongs the
QT interval. For this reason it should only be used aftr other
meds have been unsuccessful and in conjunction with beta
blockers, nitrates or amlodipine. Correct Answers Ranolazine
_________ are a group of drugs that have been found to
decrease morbidity and mortality in patients with CAD,
especially following an MI. Correct Answers Beta blockers
,1785 William Withering England Correct Answers used
digitalis to alleviate dropsy-> edema of the extremities caused
by kidney and cardiac insufficiency
A _______ is the most dangerous stage of formation during
atherosclerosis. Continuation of development leads to instability
and can result in the development of a thrombus. Correct
Answers Complicated lesion
A pathologic Q wave is defined as: Correct Answers - >= 25%
of R wave
- or, >0.03 seconds
A-fib is characterized by an atrial rate of? and a ventricle rate
of? Correct Answers 350-600 bpm
vent - 50-180 (more important figure)
ABSOLUTE hypovolemia results when_ Correct Answers
_fluid is lost through hemorrhage, GI loss (vomiting/diarrhea),
fistula drainage, diabetes insipidus, or diuresis.
After endotracheal administration of Atropine, what should be
done? Correct Answers The client should be ventilated
vigorously with a bag vale device to enhance the absorption of
the drug.
After the onset of a-fib, the passage of how much time is
significant? Correct Answers < 48 h - cardiovert w/ meds or
EdMed
> 48 h - if a-sx, need anticoagulant stat
,Albuterol has what effect on HR? Correct Answers Increases
HR
Although rare, what are the risks associated with use of statin
medications to control serum lipid levels? Correct Answers
Liver damage, myopathy that progresses to rhabdomyolysis
Antiplatelets are mainly given prophylactically to prevent: (3)
Correct Answers - MI or stroke in pts w/ familial hx
- repeat MI or stroke
- stroke for clients having TIAs
Antiplatelets are used to: Correct Answers Prevent thrombosis
in arteries by supprressing platelet aggregation.
(Heparin/warfarin are given to suppress th. in veins)
Arterial blood pressure Correct Answers peripheral resistance
and cardiac output
As a last resort, how should Atropine be administered? Correct
Answers Endotracheal tube (ETT) route.
atria walls Correct Answers thin->less pumping action and
recieve blood from circulation and lungs
atrioventricular valves Correct Answers tricuspid->right
mitral->left
, AV node Correct Answers posterior right side of the interatrial
septum-> has continuous tract of fibers called the bundle of His
(AV bundle)->pacemaker-> 40 to 60 bpm
blocked cornonary arteries Correct Answers can lead to
myocardial infarction
Blood Correct Answers plasma, red blood cells (erythrocytes),
white blood cells (leukocytes), platelets
cardiac glycosides Correct Answers inhibit the sodium
potassium pump-> ^ in intracellular sodium
^ leads to -> calcium influx->cardiac muscle contractions more
efficiently
Cardiac output Correct Answers stroke volume times heart rate
4-8 L per minute
Blood ejected from left ventricle=70 ML per beat
Cardiac Output Diagram Correct Answers Stroke Volume
↓
Preload----->Contractility------>Afterload
↓↓↓
Vent filling->Vent Contraction->Systemic Vascular Resistance
Catheter ablation tx to "burn" areas of the cardiac conduction
sys. is indicated for tx of: Correct Answers Tachydysrhythmias
- burns ectopic sites in atria.
CHF Correct Answers When compensatory mechanisms fail
and the lung tissues are congested
