Bio 431 Heart, Cardiovascular system,
Blood Unit#1 Exam #1 Questions and
Answers
What is the correct sequence of structures that a cardiac action potential follows in
order to excite normal contraction of the heart? - ANSWER-SA node, AV node,
Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers
Which wave in an ECG represents the repolarization of the ventricles? - ANSWER-T
wave
What term refers to the period of time during a cardiac cycle when contraction of a
chamber occurs and pressure within the chamber rises? - ANSWER-Systole
Contraction of the ventricles of the heart leads to blood moving directly into? -
ANSWER-Arteries
The formula for calculating cardiac output: - ANSWER-Heart rate multiplied by stroke
volume
(CO = SV x HR)
An increase in the carbon dioxide levels in the blood leads to a change in the
chemical composition of the blood. This input would be received by what part of the
brain that regulates heart rate? - ANSWER-Medulla oblongata
The three structural layers of a generalized blood vessel from innermost to
outermost are the? - ANSWER-Tunica interna (intima), Tunica media, Tunica
externa (adventia)
The body contains three different types of capillaries: - ANSWER-Continuous,
Fenestrated, Sinusoid
In resting individuals, which blood vessels serve as a large blood reservoir from
which blood can be quickly diverted to other vessels as needed? - ANSWER-Veins
and venules
Substances enter and leave capillaries by three basic mechanisms: - ANSWER-
Diffusion, Bulk flow, Transcytosis
Which is the most important method for capillary exchange? - ANSWER-Diffusion
What is the equation for calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP)? - ANSWER-MAP
= Diastolic BP + 1/3 (systolic BP - diastolic BP)
, Besides the heart two other mechanisms "pump" blood from the lower body back to
the heart: - ANSWER-Skeletal muscle pump and Respiratory pump
Which hormone would not stimulate changes that lead to an increase in arterial
blood pressure? - ANSWER-Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
The chemical histamine causes capillary walls to become more permeable. Excess
histamine secretion, as might be seen in allergic responses, might lead to: -
ANSWER-Edema
A blockage to one or both of the inferior phrenic veins will cause a backup of blood
into what structure? - ANSWER-Diaphragm
Nutrients from digested food enter the liver via the? - ANSWER-Hepatic portal
circulation
How long do red blood cells live and why? - ANSWER-120 days due to wear and
tear on their plasma membranes as they squeeze through blood capillaries
Excess iron in the body can cause damage to which organs of the body (4)? -
ANSWER-Liver, Heart, Pancreatic islets, and Gonads
The main stimulus for erythropoiesis is? - ANSWER-Hypoxia
The granular leukocytes are: - ANSWER-Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils
The agranular leukocytes are: - ANSWER-Lymphocytes and Monocytes
An increase in the number of white blood cells above normal range is called? -
ANSWER-Leukocytosis
An abnormally low number of white blood cells is called? - ANSWER-Leukopenia
The chemical attraction of WBC's to a disease or injury site is termed? - ANSWER-
Chemotaxis
Neutrophils and wandering or fixed macrophages (develop from monocytes) combat
inflammation and infection by what process? - ANSWER-Phagocytosis
These WBC's combat the effects of histamine in allergic reactions, phagocytize
antigen-antibody complexes, and combat parasitic worms. - ANSWER-Eosinophils
These WBC's develop into mast cells that liberate heparin, histamine, and serotonin
in allergic reactions that intensify inflammatory response. - ANSWER-Basophils
Arrange WBC's in order from highest to lowest concentrations in the blood: -
ANSWER-Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils
Platelets have a lifespan of how long? - ANSWER-5-9 days
Blood Unit#1 Exam #1 Questions and
Answers
What is the correct sequence of structures that a cardiac action potential follows in
order to excite normal contraction of the heart? - ANSWER-SA node, AV node,
Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers
Which wave in an ECG represents the repolarization of the ventricles? - ANSWER-T
wave
What term refers to the period of time during a cardiac cycle when contraction of a
chamber occurs and pressure within the chamber rises? - ANSWER-Systole
Contraction of the ventricles of the heart leads to blood moving directly into? -
ANSWER-Arteries
The formula for calculating cardiac output: - ANSWER-Heart rate multiplied by stroke
volume
(CO = SV x HR)
An increase in the carbon dioxide levels in the blood leads to a change in the
chemical composition of the blood. This input would be received by what part of the
brain that regulates heart rate? - ANSWER-Medulla oblongata
The three structural layers of a generalized blood vessel from innermost to
outermost are the? - ANSWER-Tunica interna (intima), Tunica media, Tunica
externa (adventia)
The body contains three different types of capillaries: - ANSWER-Continuous,
Fenestrated, Sinusoid
In resting individuals, which blood vessels serve as a large blood reservoir from
which blood can be quickly diverted to other vessels as needed? - ANSWER-Veins
and venules
Substances enter and leave capillaries by three basic mechanisms: - ANSWER-
Diffusion, Bulk flow, Transcytosis
Which is the most important method for capillary exchange? - ANSWER-Diffusion
What is the equation for calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP)? - ANSWER-MAP
= Diastolic BP + 1/3 (systolic BP - diastolic BP)
, Besides the heart two other mechanisms "pump" blood from the lower body back to
the heart: - ANSWER-Skeletal muscle pump and Respiratory pump
Which hormone would not stimulate changes that lead to an increase in arterial
blood pressure? - ANSWER-Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
The chemical histamine causes capillary walls to become more permeable. Excess
histamine secretion, as might be seen in allergic responses, might lead to: -
ANSWER-Edema
A blockage to one or both of the inferior phrenic veins will cause a backup of blood
into what structure? - ANSWER-Diaphragm
Nutrients from digested food enter the liver via the? - ANSWER-Hepatic portal
circulation
How long do red blood cells live and why? - ANSWER-120 days due to wear and
tear on their plasma membranes as they squeeze through blood capillaries
Excess iron in the body can cause damage to which organs of the body (4)? -
ANSWER-Liver, Heart, Pancreatic islets, and Gonads
The main stimulus for erythropoiesis is? - ANSWER-Hypoxia
The granular leukocytes are: - ANSWER-Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils
The agranular leukocytes are: - ANSWER-Lymphocytes and Monocytes
An increase in the number of white blood cells above normal range is called? -
ANSWER-Leukocytosis
An abnormally low number of white blood cells is called? - ANSWER-Leukopenia
The chemical attraction of WBC's to a disease or injury site is termed? - ANSWER-
Chemotaxis
Neutrophils and wandering or fixed macrophages (develop from monocytes) combat
inflammation and infection by what process? - ANSWER-Phagocytosis
These WBC's combat the effects of histamine in allergic reactions, phagocytize
antigen-antibody complexes, and combat parasitic worms. - ANSWER-Eosinophils
These WBC's develop into mast cells that liberate heparin, histamine, and serotonin
in allergic reactions that intensify inflammatory response. - ANSWER-Basophils
Arrange WBC's in order from highest to lowest concentrations in the blood: -
ANSWER-Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils
Platelets have a lifespan of how long? - ANSWER-5-9 days
