TEST BANK
ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES IN CANADIAN NURSING
,Table Of Contents
Ethical And Legal Issues In Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank.................................... 3
Chapter 01: An Introduction To The Ethics And The Law: A Perspective For Nurses ................................. 3
Chapter 02: Ethical Theories: Their Meaning For Nursing .................................................................. 8
Chapter 03: Guiding Ethical Decision Making: Resources For Nurses ................................................. 18
Chapter 04: The Canadian Legal System .................................................................................... 27
Chapter 05: Regulation Of The Nursing Profession ........................................................................ 34
Chapter 06: Informed Consent: Rights And Obligations .................................................................. 41
Chapter 07: The Nurse’s Legal Accountabilities: Professional Competence, ................................................ 47
Chapter 08: Complexity At The End Of Life: The Ethical And Legal Challenges ...................................... 53
Chapter 09: Ethical And Legal Issues Related To Advancing Science And Technology ............................ 60
Chapter 10: Safeguarding Patient Rights .................................................................................... 67
Chapter 11: Perspectives On The Rights Of Nurses ...................................................................... 74
Chapter 12: Ethical Issues In Leadership, The Organization, And Approaches To The Delivery Of Care ....... 81
,Ethical And Legal Issues In Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank
Chapter 01: An Introduction To The Ethics And The Law: A Perspective For Nurses
Multiple Choice
1. Which Of The Following Mandates That Nurses Have A Basic Understanding Of The Canadian Legal System?
a. Provincial And Federal Nursing Bodies
b. The Supreme Court Of Canada
c. Provincial Nursing Labor Unions
d. The Drug And Pharmacies Regulation Act, 1990
ANSWER: A
Elaboration
A Correct! Provincial And Territorial Regulatory Bodies, Have Certain Requirements
Related To Nurses’ Knowledge/Skill, Which Includes Knowledge Of The Legal
System.
B Incorrect—The Supreme Court, Which Is The Final Court Of Appeal In Canada, Is
Not Involved In The Regulation Of Health Care Professionals.
C Incorrect—Labour Unions Do Not Focus On Nursing Standards And Knowledge;
Rather, They Represent The Collective Bargaining Rights Of Nurses.
D Incorrect—This Act Is Relevant To Nursing In That It Regulates The Prescribing,
Dispensing, And Handling Of Drugs. It Does Not Mandate The Knowledge Nurses
Require About The Legal System.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
2. Identify One Of The Reasons Why Nurses Need To Have An Understanding Of Ethics.
a. Nurses Do Not Share The Same Perspectives Regarding Health Care With Other Health
Care Professionals.
b. Morality And Care Are At The Heart Of Nursing Practice.
c. Ethics Provides A Clear Answer To Nurses Regarding The Correct Course Of Action.
d. Convincing Family Members Of Compassionate Courses Of Action Is Best Done By Nurses.
ANSWER: B
Elaboration
A Incorrect—Professional Values May Be Shared Across Multiple Professions, And
Perspectives On Issues May Be Similar. When Views On An Issue Differ, Then Knowledge
Of Ethics Assists In Clarifying And Defending One’s Position To Others.
B Correct! One Reason For Nurses Studying Ethics Is That Morality And Care Are At
The Heart Of Nursing Practice.
C Incorrect—Ethical Theories Can Provide A Framework For The Exploration Of The
Ethical Questions And Moral Issues Faced In Health Care. These Theories Guide How
Morality Is Understood Within The Sphere Of Nursing Practice And The Nurse– Patient Or
Nurse–Client Relationship. Ethical Theories And Frameworks Can
Assist/Guide Nurses As They Consider Multiple Options To Choose The Best Or The
Least Wrong Course Of Action.
D Incorrect—Nurses As Members Of The Health Care Team Are In A Strong Position To
Support Families. They Respect The Values And Beliefs Of Clients And Families And
Support Them In Decision Making Regarding The Right Course Of Action.
, Dif: Cognitive Level: Synthesis
3. Why Is It Advantageous For Nurses To Have Knowledge Of Ethical Theories And Principles?
a. Ethical Theories Encourage Nurses To Critique Others’ Points Of View.
b. Nurses Are Able To Justify And Defend Their Positions On A Situation.
c. Ethical Theories Help Nurses Explain To The Rest Of The Team Why Nurses Have A
Greater Understanding Of The Patient’s Perspective.
d. This Knowledge Allows Nurses To Convince Patients To Choose Comfort Measures Only.
ANSWER: B
Elaboration
A Incorrect—Ethics Encourages Nurses To Respect The Values Of Others And Assists
In Understanding Opposing Points Of View. Ethics Offers Tools To Nurses To
Respectfully Argue In Favour Of Their Positions While Respecting The Perspectives
Of Others.
B Correct! When Views Differ, Ethical Theories Help Clarify One’s Position And Make
Arguments In Support Of It. Nurses Ensure That All Relevant Information Is Shared With
The
Team And The Client.
C Incorrect—The Perspective Of All Team Members Is Important And Is Based On
The Unique Relationships Each Nurse Has With The Client.
D Incorrect—This Approach Is Paternalistic. Nurses And The Health Care Team, While
Respecting A Person’s Autonomy, Support Him Or Her In Making Decisions About
What Is Best In A Particular Context. This Includes Ensuring That Patients Are Aware Of All
The Options Available To Them.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
4. Why Must Nurses Be Familiar With The Legal System?
a. Some Nursing Actions Are Governed By The Law.
b. Nurses’ Decisions May Not Be Supported By The Law.
c. Nurses Are Sometimes At Risk For Litigation.
d. All Are Correct.
ANSWER: D
Elaboration
A Incorrect—Reserved Or Controlled Acts And The Administration Of Narcotics Are
Two Examples Of Nursing Actions Governed By The Law. A Nurse May Think
An
Action Is ―Ethical,‖ But It May Not Be Legal. Nurses’ Decisions Sometimes Have Untoward
Consequences, And Errors Or Omissions May Lead To Negligence Claims.
B Incorrect—Reserved Or Controlled Acts And The Administration Of Narcotics Are
Two Examples Of Nursing Actions Governed By The Law. A Nurse May Think An
Action Is
―Ethical,‖ But It May Not Be Legal. Nurses’ Decisions Sometimes Have
Untoward Consequences, And Errors Or Omissions May Lead To Negligence Claims.
, C Incorrect—Reserved Or Controlled Acts And The Administration Of Narcotics Are
Two Examples Of Nursing Actions Governed By The Law. A Nurse May Think
An
Action Is ―Ethical,‖ But It May Not Be Legal. Nurses’ Decisions Sometimes Have Untoward
Consequences, And Errors Or Omissions May Lead To Negligence Claims.
D Correct! Reserved Or Controlled Acts And The Administration Of Narcotics Are Two
Examples Of Nursing Actions Governed By The Law. A Nurse May Think An Action Is
―Ethical,‖ But It May Not Be Legal. Nurses’ Decisions Sometimes Have Untoward
Consequences, And Errors Or
Omissions May Lead To Negligence Claims.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Analysis
5. What Existing Legislation Has Been Influenced By The Shifting Of Canadian Values Over Time?
a. The Abolition Of Capital Punishment
b. Privacy
c. Medical Assistance In Dying
d. All Are Correct
ANSWER: D
Elaboration
A Incorrect—One Reason For The Abolition Of Capital Punishment Is Based On The Belief In
The Sanctity Of Life And The Concern That An Innocent Person May Be Executed.
B Incorrect—Respect For Autonomy And Privacy Led To Legislation In Provinces
Across Canada.
C Incorrect—Shifting Views Regarding Euthanasia For The Terminally Ill Led The Supreme Court
To Create A Law Regarding Assistance In Dying. This Resulted In The
Legislation ―Medical Assistance In Dying,‖ Which Was Introduced In 2016.
D Correct! All Of These Are Examples Of How Shifting Canadian Values Have
Influenced Legislation.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
True/False
1. In Addition To Having Obligations To Clients, Nurses Also Have Rights Regarding What They Can
Expect As Professionals.
ANSWER: T
Elaboration
Correct Like All Canadians, Nurses Have Rights Under The Charter Of Rights And
Freedoms.
Nurses Consider These Rights In The Context Of Their
Responsibilities And Obligations To Clients.
Incorrect Like All Canadians, Nurses Have Rights Under The Charter Of Rights And
Freedoms.
Nurses Must Consider These Rights In The Context Of Their Responsibilities And
Obligations To Clients.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
, 2. Through The Canada Health Act, The Federal Government Is Given Authority Over Health Care In Canada.
ANSWER: F
Elaboration
Correct Health Care Is A Provincial Responsibility. Only The Conditions Under
Which The Federal Government Funds Health Care Is Specified In The
Act.
Incorrect Health Care Is A Provincial Responsibility. Only The Conditions Under
Which The Federal Government Funds Health Care Is Specified In The
Act.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
3. The Field Of Ethics Is Gaining Greater Prominence, In Part, Because Of The
Growing Sophistication Of Science And Technology.
ANSWER: T
Elaboration
Correct Recent Advances In Genetics, Transplantation, And Reproductive Biotechnology,
Have Opened Up An Entirely New Array Of Ethical Dilemmas, Not Previously
Known. This Raises The Question ―Just Because You Can Do Something,
Should You?‖
Incorrect Recent Advances In Genetics, Transplantation, And Reproductive
Biotechnology, Have Opened Up An Entirely New Array Of Ethical Dilemmas,
Not Previously Known This Raises The Question Of Just Because You Can
Do
Dif: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
4. A Nurse Is Justified In Accessing The Chart Of A Friend Who Is A Patient On Another Unit Because She Is
Aware Of Her Friend’s Serious Allergy To Antibiotics And Wants To Make Sure This Is Documented.
ANSWER: F
Elaboration
Correct It Is Inappropriate For A Nurse To Access The Record Of A Patient Who Is
Outside Of His Or Her ―Circle Of Care.‖ If The Friend Is Not Capable Of Disclosing
This Information, Then To Prevent Serious Harm, The Nurse Should Disclose This
Information To The Team If The Friend’s Family Or Substitute Decision Maker Is Not
Available To Do So.
Incorrect It Is Inappropriate For A Nurse To Access The Record Of A Patient Who Is
Outside Of His Or Her ―Circle Of Care.‖ If The Friend Is Not Capable Of
Disclosing This Information, Then To Prevent Serious Harm, The Nurse Should
Disclose This Information To The Team If The Friend’s Family Or Substitute
Decision Maker Is Not Available To Do
So.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
,5. A Resident In Long-Term Has Been Deteriorating For A Number Of Days. His Daughter Has Been
With Him Most Of The Time And Is Exhausted. The Nurse Encourages Her To Go Home To Get Some
Rest. A Few Hours Later, It Becomes Clear To The Staff That Death Is Imminent. Appreciating How
Exhausted The Daughter Is, The Nurse Is Justified In Not Disturbing Her.
ANSWER: F
Elaboration
Correct The Nurse Is Denying The Daughter The Opportunity To Be Present With
Her Father So That He Does Not Die Alone. It Is The Daughter’s, Not
The Nurse’s, Choice To Make. This May Also Have Implications For The
Grieving Process.
Incorrect The Nurse Is Denying The Daughter The Opportunity To Be Present With
Her Father So That He Does Not Die Alone. It Is The Daughter’s, Not
The Nurse’s, Choice To Make. This May Also Have Implications For The
Grieving Process.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
,Chapter 02: Ethical Theories: Their Meaning For Nursing
Multiple Choice
1. How May Ethics Be Best Described?
a. The Philosophical Study Of Morality
b. The Process Of Value Clarification
c. The Beliefs And Norms Of A Society
d. The Application Of Ethical Principles To Moral Issues
ANSWER: A
Elaboration
A Correct! Ethics, The Philosophical Study Of Morality, Is A Comprehensive Approach To
The
Systematic Exploration Of What Is Morally Right And Wrong.
B Incorrect—Value Clarification Is A Process Through Which Individuals Come To
Understand The Values They Hold And The Relative Importance Of Each Of These
Values And Hence Come To Understand The Various And Shared Perspectives They
Hold.
C Incorrect—The Beliefs And Norms Of A Society Influence Ethical Perspectives And Are
Explored In The Study Of Ethics.
D Incorrect—Applying Ethical Principles To Moral Issues Helps Provide
Frameworks For Ethical Decision Making And Is A Component Of The Study
Of Ethics.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Knowledge Which Of The Following Is The Focus Of Normative Ethics?
e. The Analysis Of Morality Without Taking A Moral Position
f. The Question Of What Is Right Or Wrong
g. Explaining How Moral Attitudes And Beliefs Differ From Person To Person
h. Distinguishing Between What Is Normal And What Is Not
ANSWER: B
Elaboration
A Incorrect—This Is A Focus Of Descriptive Ethics.
B Correct! Normative Ethics Focuses On The Reasons, Principles, Or Arguments That Guide
Decisions About What Is Right And Wrong. Basic Principles And Virtues Are
Identified To Guide Morality And Provide Coherent, Systematic, And Justifiable Answers To
Moral Questions.
C Incorrect—A Person’s Differing Moral Attitudes And Beliefs Help To Shape His
Or Her Personal Values; And Influence Views About What Is Right Or Wrong.
D Incorrect—People’s Ideas Of Normal And Abnormal Could Be Based On Values,
But These Distinctions Are Not Necessarily Ethical.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
,2. Which Of The Following Fields Of Ethics Applies Ethical Theories And Principles To Actual Moral Problems?
a. Philosophical Ethics
b. Biomedical Ethics
c. Nursing Ethics
d. Applied Ethics
ANSWER: D
Elaboration
A Incorrect—Ethics In General Is A Philosophical Study.
B Incorrect—Biomedical Ethics Explores Moral Issues And Ethical Questions
Associated With Health Care.
C Incorrect—Nursing Ethics Focuses On Moral Questions Within All Domains Of
Nursing.
D Correct! Applied Ethics Is A Specific Field Of Ethics Where Theories And Principles Are
Applied
To Actual Moral Problems To Assist In Guiding Decision Making.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
3. Which Of The Following Exists When Mutually Exclusive Alternatives Can Both Be Supported By
Strong Moral Reasons?
a. Moral Distress
b. An Ethical Dilemma
c. A Value Conflict
d. An Ethical Violation
ANSWER: B
Elaboration
A Incorrect—Moral Distress Results When A Person Is Faced With Ethical Issues Or
Conflicting Values And Cannot Deal Effectively With Them Or Is Obstructed From Doing
So.
B Correct! An Ethical Dilemma Arises When The Best Course Of Action Is Unclear
And There Are Strong Moral Reasons Supporting Each Opposing Position.
C Incorrect—A Value Conflict Occurs When People Encounter Other Individuals Or Groups
Whose Value System Are In Conflict With Their Own.
D Incorrect—An Ethical Violation Occurs When Actions And Behaviours Contradict What Is
Clearly The Right Action Or Fail To Meet An Ethical Standard Or Code Of
Ethics.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
4. What Is The Result When A Nurse Believes That A Course Of Action Is Correct, But Is Prevented
(E.G., Through A Law Or Policy) From Carrying Out That Action Or Influencing The Decision,
Resulting In Feelings Of Guilt?
a. An Ethical Dilemma
b. Moral Distress
c. Ethical Reasoning
d. Moral Irresponsibility
, ANSWER: B
Elaboration
A Incorrect—An Ethical Dilemma Arises When The Best Course Of Action Is Unclear And
There
Are Strong Moral Reasons Supporting Each Opposing Position.
B Correct! Moral Distress Results When A Person Is Faced With Ethical Issues Or Conflicting
Values And Cannot Deal Effectively With Them.
C Incorrect—Ethical Reasoning Is The Process Of Ethical Decision Making, Not The
Result Of A Situation.
D Incorrect—Moral Responsibility Refers To The Duty To Act In Accordance With The Moral
Principles That Guides Groups Or Society. Moral Irresponsibility Would Occur If A Nurse
Disregarded Professional Or Organizational Ethical Standards Or
Codes Of Ethics.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
5. What Is The Correct Term To Describe A Framework Of Principles And Guidelines That Helps To
Identify Ethical Issues And Reconcile Conflicts?
a. Metaethics
b. Ethical Theory
c. Ethical Values
d. Descriptive Ethics
ANSWER: B
Elaboration
A Incorrect—Mataethic Such As Right, Obligation, Good, And Virtue, And Attempts To
Distinguish Between W Hat Is Moral
And What Is Not—For Example, The Difference Between A Moral Rule And A Social Rule.
B Correct! Ethical Theory Is The Study Of The Nature And Justification Of General
Ethical Principles That Can Be Applied To Moral Problems.
C Incorrect—Ethical Values Are Ideals And May Vary Across Individuals, Groups, Or
Populations; They Do Not Resolve Conflicts But Help In Understanding Various
Perspectives On An Issue.
D Incorrect—Descriptive Ethics Encompasses Explanations And Factual Descriptions Of
Moral Behaviour And Beliefs; It Does Not Identify Ethical Issues Or Resolve
Conflicts.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
6. Which Of The Following Best Describes The Concept Of Equality For All Canadians?
a. A Belief
b. A Value
c. A Principle
d. A Moral Dilemma
ANSWER: B
Elaboration
ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES IN CANADIAN NURSING
,Table Of Contents
Ethical And Legal Issues In Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank.................................... 3
Chapter 01: An Introduction To The Ethics And The Law: A Perspective For Nurses ................................. 3
Chapter 02: Ethical Theories: Their Meaning For Nursing .................................................................. 8
Chapter 03: Guiding Ethical Decision Making: Resources For Nurses ................................................. 18
Chapter 04: The Canadian Legal System .................................................................................... 27
Chapter 05: Regulation Of The Nursing Profession ........................................................................ 34
Chapter 06: Informed Consent: Rights And Obligations .................................................................. 41
Chapter 07: The Nurse’s Legal Accountabilities: Professional Competence, ................................................ 47
Chapter 08: Complexity At The End Of Life: The Ethical And Legal Challenges ...................................... 53
Chapter 09: Ethical And Legal Issues Related To Advancing Science And Technology ............................ 60
Chapter 10: Safeguarding Patient Rights .................................................................................... 67
Chapter 11: Perspectives On The Rights Of Nurses ...................................................................... 74
Chapter 12: Ethical Issues In Leadership, The Organization, And Approaches To The Delivery Of Care ....... 81
,Ethical And Legal Issues In Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank
Chapter 01: An Introduction To The Ethics And The Law: A Perspective For Nurses
Multiple Choice
1. Which Of The Following Mandates That Nurses Have A Basic Understanding Of The Canadian Legal System?
a. Provincial And Federal Nursing Bodies
b. The Supreme Court Of Canada
c. Provincial Nursing Labor Unions
d. The Drug And Pharmacies Regulation Act, 1990
ANSWER: A
Elaboration
A Correct! Provincial And Territorial Regulatory Bodies, Have Certain Requirements
Related To Nurses’ Knowledge/Skill, Which Includes Knowledge Of The Legal
System.
B Incorrect—The Supreme Court, Which Is The Final Court Of Appeal In Canada, Is
Not Involved In The Regulation Of Health Care Professionals.
C Incorrect—Labour Unions Do Not Focus On Nursing Standards And Knowledge;
Rather, They Represent The Collective Bargaining Rights Of Nurses.
D Incorrect—This Act Is Relevant To Nursing In That It Regulates The Prescribing,
Dispensing, And Handling Of Drugs. It Does Not Mandate The Knowledge Nurses
Require About The Legal System.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
2. Identify One Of The Reasons Why Nurses Need To Have An Understanding Of Ethics.
a. Nurses Do Not Share The Same Perspectives Regarding Health Care With Other Health
Care Professionals.
b. Morality And Care Are At The Heart Of Nursing Practice.
c. Ethics Provides A Clear Answer To Nurses Regarding The Correct Course Of Action.
d. Convincing Family Members Of Compassionate Courses Of Action Is Best Done By Nurses.
ANSWER: B
Elaboration
A Incorrect—Professional Values May Be Shared Across Multiple Professions, And
Perspectives On Issues May Be Similar. When Views On An Issue Differ, Then Knowledge
Of Ethics Assists In Clarifying And Defending One’s Position To Others.
B Correct! One Reason For Nurses Studying Ethics Is That Morality And Care Are At
The Heart Of Nursing Practice.
C Incorrect—Ethical Theories Can Provide A Framework For The Exploration Of The
Ethical Questions And Moral Issues Faced In Health Care. These Theories Guide How
Morality Is Understood Within The Sphere Of Nursing Practice And The Nurse– Patient Or
Nurse–Client Relationship. Ethical Theories And Frameworks Can
Assist/Guide Nurses As They Consider Multiple Options To Choose The Best Or The
Least Wrong Course Of Action.
D Incorrect—Nurses As Members Of The Health Care Team Are In A Strong Position To
Support Families. They Respect The Values And Beliefs Of Clients And Families And
Support Them In Decision Making Regarding The Right Course Of Action.
, Dif: Cognitive Level: Synthesis
3. Why Is It Advantageous For Nurses To Have Knowledge Of Ethical Theories And Principles?
a. Ethical Theories Encourage Nurses To Critique Others’ Points Of View.
b. Nurses Are Able To Justify And Defend Their Positions On A Situation.
c. Ethical Theories Help Nurses Explain To The Rest Of The Team Why Nurses Have A
Greater Understanding Of The Patient’s Perspective.
d. This Knowledge Allows Nurses To Convince Patients To Choose Comfort Measures Only.
ANSWER: B
Elaboration
A Incorrect—Ethics Encourages Nurses To Respect The Values Of Others And Assists
In Understanding Opposing Points Of View. Ethics Offers Tools To Nurses To
Respectfully Argue In Favour Of Their Positions While Respecting The Perspectives
Of Others.
B Correct! When Views Differ, Ethical Theories Help Clarify One’s Position And Make
Arguments In Support Of It. Nurses Ensure That All Relevant Information Is Shared With
The
Team And The Client.
C Incorrect—The Perspective Of All Team Members Is Important And Is Based On
The Unique Relationships Each Nurse Has With The Client.
D Incorrect—This Approach Is Paternalistic. Nurses And The Health Care Team, While
Respecting A Person’s Autonomy, Support Him Or Her In Making Decisions About
What Is Best In A Particular Context. This Includes Ensuring That Patients Are Aware Of All
The Options Available To Them.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
4. Why Must Nurses Be Familiar With The Legal System?
a. Some Nursing Actions Are Governed By The Law.
b. Nurses’ Decisions May Not Be Supported By The Law.
c. Nurses Are Sometimes At Risk For Litigation.
d. All Are Correct.
ANSWER: D
Elaboration
A Incorrect—Reserved Or Controlled Acts And The Administration Of Narcotics Are
Two Examples Of Nursing Actions Governed By The Law. A Nurse May Think
An
Action Is ―Ethical,‖ But It May Not Be Legal. Nurses’ Decisions Sometimes Have Untoward
Consequences, And Errors Or Omissions May Lead To Negligence Claims.
B Incorrect—Reserved Or Controlled Acts And The Administration Of Narcotics Are
Two Examples Of Nursing Actions Governed By The Law. A Nurse May Think An
Action Is
―Ethical,‖ But It May Not Be Legal. Nurses’ Decisions Sometimes Have
Untoward Consequences, And Errors Or Omissions May Lead To Negligence Claims.
, C Incorrect—Reserved Or Controlled Acts And The Administration Of Narcotics Are
Two Examples Of Nursing Actions Governed By The Law. A Nurse May Think
An
Action Is ―Ethical,‖ But It May Not Be Legal. Nurses’ Decisions Sometimes Have Untoward
Consequences, And Errors Or Omissions May Lead To Negligence Claims.
D Correct! Reserved Or Controlled Acts And The Administration Of Narcotics Are Two
Examples Of Nursing Actions Governed By The Law. A Nurse May Think An Action Is
―Ethical,‖ But It May Not Be Legal. Nurses’ Decisions Sometimes Have Untoward
Consequences, And Errors Or
Omissions May Lead To Negligence Claims.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Analysis
5. What Existing Legislation Has Been Influenced By The Shifting Of Canadian Values Over Time?
a. The Abolition Of Capital Punishment
b. Privacy
c. Medical Assistance In Dying
d. All Are Correct
ANSWER: D
Elaboration
A Incorrect—One Reason For The Abolition Of Capital Punishment Is Based On The Belief In
The Sanctity Of Life And The Concern That An Innocent Person May Be Executed.
B Incorrect—Respect For Autonomy And Privacy Led To Legislation In Provinces
Across Canada.
C Incorrect—Shifting Views Regarding Euthanasia For The Terminally Ill Led The Supreme Court
To Create A Law Regarding Assistance In Dying. This Resulted In The
Legislation ―Medical Assistance In Dying,‖ Which Was Introduced In 2016.
D Correct! All Of These Are Examples Of How Shifting Canadian Values Have
Influenced Legislation.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
True/False
1. In Addition To Having Obligations To Clients, Nurses Also Have Rights Regarding What They Can
Expect As Professionals.
ANSWER: T
Elaboration
Correct Like All Canadians, Nurses Have Rights Under The Charter Of Rights And
Freedoms.
Nurses Consider These Rights In The Context Of Their
Responsibilities And Obligations To Clients.
Incorrect Like All Canadians, Nurses Have Rights Under The Charter Of Rights And
Freedoms.
Nurses Must Consider These Rights In The Context Of Their Responsibilities And
Obligations To Clients.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
, 2. Through The Canada Health Act, The Federal Government Is Given Authority Over Health Care In Canada.
ANSWER: F
Elaboration
Correct Health Care Is A Provincial Responsibility. Only The Conditions Under
Which The Federal Government Funds Health Care Is Specified In The
Act.
Incorrect Health Care Is A Provincial Responsibility. Only The Conditions Under
Which The Federal Government Funds Health Care Is Specified In The
Act.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
3. The Field Of Ethics Is Gaining Greater Prominence, In Part, Because Of The
Growing Sophistication Of Science And Technology.
ANSWER: T
Elaboration
Correct Recent Advances In Genetics, Transplantation, And Reproductive Biotechnology,
Have Opened Up An Entirely New Array Of Ethical Dilemmas, Not Previously
Known. This Raises The Question ―Just Because You Can Do Something,
Should You?‖
Incorrect Recent Advances In Genetics, Transplantation, And Reproductive
Biotechnology, Have Opened Up An Entirely New Array Of Ethical Dilemmas,
Not Previously Known This Raises The Question Of Just Because You Can
Do
Dif: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
4. A Nurse Is Justified In Accessing The Chart Of A Friend Who Is A Patient On Another Unit Because She Is
Aware Of Her Friend’s Serious Allergy To Antibiotics And Wants To Make Sure This Is Documented.
ANSWER: F
Elaboration
Correct It Is Inappropriate For A Nurse To Access The Record Of A Patient Who Is
Outside Of His Or Her ―Circle Of Care.‖ If The Friend Is Not Capable Of Disclosing
This Information, Then To Prevent Serious Harm, The Nurse Should Disclose This
Information To The Team If The Friend’s Family Or Substitute Decision Maker Is Not
Available To Do So.
Incorrect It Is Inappropriate For A Nurse To Access The Record Of A Patient Who Is
Outside Of His Or Her ―Circle Of Care.‖ If The Friend Is Not Capable Of
Disclosing This Information, Then To Prevent Serious Harm, The Nurse Should
Disclose This Information To The Team If The Friend’s Family Or Substitute
Decision Maker Is Not Available To Do
So.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
,5. A Resident In Long-Term Has Been Deteriorating For A Number Of Days. His Daughter Has Been
With Him Most Of The Time And Is Exhausted. The Nurse Encourages Her To Go Home To Get Some
Rest. A Few Hours Later, It Becomes Clear To The Staff That Death Is Imminent. Appreciating How
Exhausted The Daughter Is, The Nurse Is Justified In Not Disturbing Her.
ANSWER: F
Elaboration
Correct The Nurse Is Denying The Daughter The Opportunity To Be Present With
Her Father So That He Does Not Die Alone. It Is The Daughter’s, Not
The Nurse’s, Choice To Make. This May Also Have Implications For The
Grieving Process.
Incorrect The Nurse Is Denying The Daughter The Opportunity To Be Present With
Her Father So That He Does Not Die Alone. It Is The Daughter’s, Not
The Nurse’s, Choice To Make. This May Also Have Implications For The
Grieving Process.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
,Chapter 02: Ethical Theories: Their Meaning For Nursing
Multiple Choice
1. How May Ethics Be Best Described?
a. The Philosophical Study Of Morality
b. The Process Of Value Clarification
c. The Beliefs And Norms Of A Society
d. The Application Of Ethical Principles To Moral Issues
ANSWER: A
Elaboration
A Correct! Ethics, The Philosophical Study Of Morality, Is A Comprehensive Approach To
The
Systematic Exploration Of What Is Morally Right And Wrong.
B Incorrect—Value Clarification Is A Process Through Which Individuals Come To
Understand The Values They Hold And The Relative Importance Of Each Of These
Values And Hence Come To Understand The Various And Shared Perspectives They
Hold.
C Incorrect—The Beliefs And Norms Of A Society Influence Ethical Perspectives And Are
Explored In The Study Of Ethics.
D Incorrect—Applying Ethical Principles To Moral Issues Helps Provide
Frameworks For Ethical Decision Making And Is A Component Of The Study
Of Ethics.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Knowledge Which Of The Following Is The Focus Of Normative Ethics?
e. The Analysis Of Morality Without Taking A Moral Position
f. The Question Of What Is Right Or Wrong
g. Explaining How Moral Attitudes And Beliefs Differ From Person To Person
h. Distinguishing Between What Is Normal And What Is Not
ANSWER: B
Elaboration
A Incorrect—This Is A Focus Of Descriptive Ethics.
B Correct! Normative Ethics Focuses On The Reasons, Principles, Or Arguments That Guide
Decisions About What Is Right And Wrong. Basic Principles And Virtues Are
Identified To Guide Morality And Provide Coherent, Systematic, And Justifiable Answers To
Moral Questions.
C Incorrect—A Person’s Differing Moral Attitudes And Beliefs Help To Shape His
Or Her Personal Values; And Influence Views About What Is Right Or Wrong.
D Incorrect—People’s Ideas Of Normal And Abnormal Could Be Based On Values,
But These Distinctions Are Not Necessarily Ethical.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
,2. Which Of The Following Fields Of Ethics Applies Ethical Theories And Principles To Actual Moral Problems?
a. Philosophical Ethics
b. Biomedical Ethics
c. Nursing Ethics
d. Applied Ethics
ANSWER: D
Elaboration
A Incorrect—Ethics In General Is A Philosophical Study.
B Incorrect—Biomedical Ethics Explores Moral Issues And Ethical Questions
Associated With Health Care.
C Incorrect—Nursing Ethics Focuses On Moral Questions Within All Domains Of
Nursing.
D Correct! Applied Ethics Is A Specific Field Of Ethics Where Theories And Principles Are
Applied
To Actual Moral Problems To Assist In Guiding Decision Making.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
3. Which Of The Following Exists When Mutually Exclusive Alternatives Can Both Be Supported By
Strong Moral Reasons?
a. Moral Distress
b. An Ethical Dilemma
c. A Value Conflict
d. An Ethical Violation
ANSWER: B
Elaboration
A Incorrect—Moral Distress Results When A Person Is Faced With Ethical Issues Or
Conflicting Values And Cannot Deal Effectively With Them Or Is Obstructed From Doing
So.
B Correct! An Ethical Dilemma Arises When The Best Course Of Action Is Unclear
And There Are Strong Moral Reasons Supporting Each Opposing Position.
C Incorrect—A Value Conflict Occurs When People Encounter Other Individuals Or Groups
Whose Value System Are In Conflict With Their Own.
D Incorrect—An Ethical Violation Occurs When Actions And Behaviours Contradict What Is
Clearly The Right Action Or Fail To Meet An Ethical Standard Or Code Of
Ethics.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
4. What Is The Result When A Nurse Believes That A Course Of Action Is Correct, But Is Prevented
(E.G., Through A Law Or Policy) From Carrying Out That Action Or Influencing The Decision,
Resulting In Feelings Of Guilt?
a. An Ethical Dilemma
b. Moral Distress
c. Ethical Reasoning
d. Moral Irresponsibility
, ANSWER: B
Elaboration
A Incorrect—An Ethical Dilemma Arises When The Best Course Of Action Is Unclear And
There
Are Strong Moral Reasons Supporting Each Opposing Position.
B Correct! Moral Distress Results When A Person Is Faced With Ethical Issues Or Conflicting
Values And Cannot Deal Effectively With Them.
C Incorrect—Ethical Reasoning Is The Process Of Ethical Decision Making, Not The
Result Of A Situation.
D Incorrect—Moral Responsibility Refers To The Duty To Act In Accordance With The Moral
Principles That Guides Groups Or Society. Moral Irresponsibility Would Occur If A Nurse
Disregarded Professional Or Organizational Ethical Standards Or
Codes Of Ethics.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
5. What Is The Correct Term To Describe A Framework Of Principles And Guidelines That Helps To
Identify Ethical Issues And Reconcile Conflicts?
a. Metaethics
b. Ethical Theory
c. Ethical Values
d. Descriptive Ethics
ANSWER: B
Elaboration
A Incorrect—Mataethic Such As Right, Obligation, Good, And Virtue, And Attempts To
Distinguish Between W Hat Is Moral
And What Is Not—For Example, The Difference Between A Moral Rule And A Social Rule.
B Correct! Ethical Theory Is The Study Of The Nature And Justification Of General
Ethical Principles That Can Be Applied To Moral Problems.
C Incorrect—Ethical Values Are Ideals And May Vary Across Individuals, Groups, Or
Populations; They Do Not Resolve Conflicts But Help In Understanding Various
Perspectives On An Issue.
D Incorrect—Descriptive Ethics Encompasses Explanations And Factual Descriptions Of
Moral Behaviour And Beliefs; It Does Not Identify Ethical Issues Or Resolve
Conflicts.
Dif: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
6. Which Of The Following Best Describes The Concept Of Equality For All Canadians?
a. A Belief
b. A Value
c. A Principle
d. A Moral Dilemma
ANSWER: B
Elaboration
