Clin Med: EENT
1. changing the lens shape in order to help the cornea refract light: definition of
accomodation
2. when the brain takes the images seen by both eyes and makes them into one
image: what is fusion
3. depth perception: what is stereopsis
4. how accurately light is focused onto the retina: what is refraction
5. emmetropic: what is the word meaning that the light is perfectly refracted onto the retina
6. the smallest detail seen when looking straight at a stationary, high contrast
(black and white) image in good lighting: what is visual acuity
7. - snellen chart
- 20/20 means that the person can see at 20 ft what a person with no refractive
error can see at 20 ft: how to measure visual acuity
8. 20/200 corrected (or worse): what is the visual acuity of someone who's legally blind
9. Myopia= near-sighted, focal point in front of retina, (globe squished top to
,bottom, round lens, steep cornea)
Hyperopia= far-sighted, focal point behind the retina, (globe squished front to
back, flat lens, flat cornea): what is the term for near or far sighted, where is the focal point in relation to
the retina, what physical deformity can cause this
10. Superior Rectus (elevate, adduct, intort) & Inferior Oblique (elevate, abduct,
extort)
Inferior Rectus (depress, adduct, extort) & Superior Oblique (depress, abduct,
intort)
The adduct/abduct and intort/extort oppose each other to produce pure up-
ward/downward motion: pairs of eye muscles that have partnership in movements (and what movements)
11. 1= rotation (superior = intorsion) (inferior= extorsion)
2= depress and elevate (superior= depress) (inferior=elevate)
3=abduct (neither adduct): Primary, secondary, and tertiary functions of the superior and inferior obliques
,12. Obliques Primary= when eye adducted
, rectus primary= when eye abducted: when are the obliques the primary elevator and depressor of
the eye and when is it the rectus muscles
13. Oculomotor= all except superior oblique and lateral rectus
Abducens= lateral rectus
Trochlear= superior oblique: cranial nerves and eye muscles
14. the optic axis is the direction you see in
The fovea and macula are here (the dense region of photoreceptors): what two
structures are aligned with the optical axis on the retina
15. the orbital axis is the way that the orbit's cone shape points in
the neurovascular bundle (seen as the optic cup) and disc are here: what structures
are aligned on the retina with the orbital axis
16. -strabismus (latent & manifest)
- ambylopia
- retinopathy of prematurity
- congenital cataracts
1. changing the lens shape in order to help the cornea refract light: definition of
accomodation
2. when the brain takes the images seen by both eyes and makes them into one
image: what is fusion
3. depth perception: what is stereopsis
4. how accurately light is focused onto the retina: what is refraction
5. emmetropic: what is the word meaning that the light is perfectly refracted onto the retina
6. the smallest detail seen when looking straight at a stationary, high contrast
(black and white) image in good lighting: what is visual acuity
7. - snellen chart
- 20/20 means that the person can see at 20 ft what a person with no refractive
error can see at 20 ft: how to measure visual acuity
8. 20/200 corrected (or worse): what is the visual acuity of someone who's legally blind
9. Myopia= near-sighted, focal point in front of retina, (globe squished top to
,bottom, round lens, steep cornea)
Hyperopia= far-sighted, focal point behind the retina, (globe squished front to
back, flat lens, flat cornea): what is the term for near or far sighted, where is the focal point in relation to
the retina, what physical deformity can cause this
10. Superior Rectus (elevate, adduct, intort) & Inferior Oblique (elevate, abduct,
extort)
Inferior Rectus (depress, adduct, extort) & Superior Oblique (depress, abduct,
intort)
The adduct/abduct and intort/extort oppose each other to produce pure up-
ward/downward motion: pairs of eye muscles that have partnership in movements (and what movements)
11. 1= rotation (superior = intorsion) (inferior= extorsion)
2= depress and elevate (superior= depress) (inferior=elevate)
3=abduct (neither adduct): Primary, secondary, and tertiary functions of the superior and inferior obliques
,12. Obliques Primary= when eye adducted
, rectus primary= when eye abducted: when are the obliques the primary elevator and depressor of
the eye and when is it the rectus muscles
13. Oculomotor= all except superior oblique and lateral rectus
Abducens= lateral rectus
Trochlear= superior oblique: cranial nerves and eye muscles
14. the optic axis is the direction you see in
The fovea and macula are here (the dense region of photoreceptors): what two
structures are aligned with the optical axis on the retina
15. the orbital axis is the way that the orbit's cone shape points in
the neurovascular bundle (seen as the optic cup) and disc are here: what structures
are aligned on the retina with the orbital axis
16. -strabismus (latent & manifest)
- ambylopia
- retinopathy of prematurity
- congenital cataracts
