Advanced Clinical Nursing Theory latest
Exams (Q&A)
Opioids
1
Q
what are opioids most commonly used for?
A
perioperative analgesia
2
Q
why are opioids less commonly used for chronic pain management?
A
poor oral bioavailability of opioids
3
Q
in what pain states are opioids less effective?
A
neuropathic (e.g. brachial plexus avulsion where there is significant
nerve damage)
4
Q
what are the main pharmacological effects of opioids in mammals?
A
analgesia
sedation
,excitation
bradycardia
respiratory depression
nausea and vomiting
decreased GI motility
varied urinary effects
antitussive
minimal effect on inotropy
effects on the pupil
5
Q
when is excitation most often seen following opioid administration?
A
in pain free animals when giving as a premed
6
Q
when does opioid induced bradycardia have most effect?
A
when the patient is anaesthetised
7
Q
why do opioids cause respiratory depression?
A
depresses bodies response to rising CO2 so that respiratory drive now
comes from lack of oxygen which is physiologically abnormal
, 8
Q
when are nausea and vomiting most commonly seen following opioid
administration?
A
when used as a premed in pain free animals
9
Q
what are the main urinary effects seen with opioids?
A
increased or decreased micturition
reduced sensitivity to urge to urinate
10
Q
what is inotropy?
A
heart contractility
11
Q
what are the effects of opioids on the pupil in dogs?
A
miosis
12
Q
what are the effects of opioids on the pupil in cats?
A
mydriasis
Exams (Q&A)
Opioids
1
Q
what are opioids most commonly used for?
A
perioperative analgesia
2
Q
why are opioids less commonly used for chronic pain management?
A
poor oral bioavailability of opioids
3
Q
in what pain states are opioids less effective?
A
neuropathic (e.g. brachial plexus avulsion where there is significant
nerve damage)
4
Q
what are the main pharmacological effects of opioids in mammals?
A
analgesia
sedation
,excitation
bradycardia
respiratory depression
nausea and vomiting
decreased GI motility
varied urinary effects
antitussive
minimal effect on inotropy
effects on the pupil
5
Q
when is excitation most often seen following opioid administration?
A
in pain free animals when giving as a premed
6
Q
when does opioid induced bradycardia have most effect?
A
when the patient is anaesthetised
7
Q
why do opioids cause respiratory depression?
A
depresses bodies response to rising CO2 so that respiratory drive now
comes from lack of oxygen which is physiologically abnormal
, 8
Q
when are nausea and vomiting most commonly seen following opioid
administration?
A
when used as a premed in pain free animals
9
Q
what are the main urinary effects seen with opioids?
A
increased or decreased micturition
reduced sensitivity to urge to urinate
10
Q
what is inotropy?
A
heart contractility
11
Q
what are the effects of opioids on the pupil in dogs?
A
miosis
12
Q
what are the effects of opioids on the pupil in cats?
A
mydriasis
