Exam 1 – RNSG 1533: Neurological and Mental Health Assessment
Study Guide (Nursing Fundamentals)
When performing a physical examination on a client with cirrhosis, a nurse notices that the
client's abdomen is enlarged. Which of the following interventions should the nurse consider?
A) Report the condition to the physician immediately.
B) Measure abdominal girth according to a set routine.
C) Provide the client with nonprescription laxatives.
D) Ask the client about food intake. - correct answer B) Measure abdominal girth according to a
set routine.
Evaluation of an adult client reveals oversecretion of growth hormone. Which of the following
would the nurse expect to find?
A) Excessive urine output
B) Weight loss
C) Bulging forehead
D) Constant thirst - correct answer C) Bulging forehead
When caring for an older adult taking a psychotropic medication, the psychiatric nurse must be
aware that older adults:
A) usually require a lower dose of these medications than do younger counterparts.
B) are often refractory to psychotropic medications.
C) are always reluctant to take these medications because of stigma and stereotyping.
D) are not as sensitive to the effects of the psychotropics, and so are usually given slightly
higher doses than in younger people. - correct answer A) usually require a lower dose of these
medications than do younger counterparts.
A 3-year-old girl has just been diagnosed with type 1A diabetes. Her parents are currently
receiving education from the diabetes education nurse. How can the nurse best explain to the
parents the etiology (cause) of their daughter's diabetes?
A) "The problem that underlies her diabetes is that her own body has destroyed the cells in her
pancreas that produce insulin."
B) "It's not known exactly why your daughter has completely stopped making insulin, and
treatment will consist of your rigidly controlling her diet."
,C) "This tendency to produce insufficient amounts of insulin is likely something that she
inherited."
D) "Environmental and lifestyle factors are known to play a part in the fact that her pancreas
secretes and withholds insulin at the wrong times." - correct answer A) "The problem that
underlies her diabetes is that her own body has destroyed the cells in her pancreas that
produce insulin."
A nurse is educating the family of a small child with phenylketonuria about meal choices. Which
of the following meal choices by the parents indicate to the nurse that they understand the
dietary management of this disease?
A) A milkshake and a grilled cheese sandwich
B) A bowl of dry cereal with strawberries and apple juice
C) A steak, mashed potatoes, and orange juice
D) A hamburger and a diet pop sweetened with aspartame - correct answer B) A bowl of dry
cereal with strawberries and apple juice.
A client with diabetes mellitus states, "I can eat as many carbohydrates as I want and it will not
affect my blood sugar." What is the nurse's best response?
A) "Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides before being absorbed."
B) "You are correct."
C) "Carbohydrates do not affect blood glucose."
D) "Clients with diabetes cannot eat carbohydrates." - correct answer A) "Carbohydrates are
broken down into monosaccharides before being absorbed."
A nurse, working in a health clinic, treats a variety of conditions on a daily basis. One disorder
that is rapidly increasing and is the leading cause of secondary morbidity is:
A) Kidney disease
B) Coronary heart disease
C) Obesity
D) Pneumonia - correct answer C) Obesity
Which maternal factors should the nurse consider contributory to a newborn being large for
gestational age? Select all that apply.
A) diabetes mellitus
B) postdates gestation
,C) alcohol use
D) prepregnancy obesity
E) renal infection - correct answer A) diabetes mellitus
B) postdates gestation
D) prepregnancy obesity
The nurse is caring for an adult client with acromegaly. What medication, administered
subcutaneously, would the nurse expect the health care provider to order if the client is not a
candidate for other therapy?
A) gonadorelin hydrochloride
B) octreotide
C) nafarelin
D) gonadorelin acetate - correct answer B) octreotide
After administering propylthiouracil (PTU), what effect would the nurse anticipate the drug will
have in the client's body?
A) destruction of part of the thyroid gland
B) inhibited production of thyroid hormone in the thyroid gland
C) suppression of the anterior pituitary gland's secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
D) suppression of the hypothalamus's production of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) -
correct answer B) inhibited production of thyroid hormone in the thyroid gland
A client with diabetes whose husband recently died reports elevated blood glucose levels. She
admits she is barely eating anything; she does not feel hungry. How will the nurse best respond
to this client?
A) "Have you checked the batteries in your glucose monitor recently?"
B) "You probably do not realize all that you are eating during this stressful time."
C) "The body reacts in strange ways when we go through stressful times."
D) "Often with stress, glucose level increases because the body needs more energy." - correct
answer D) "Often with stress, glucose level increases because the body needs more energy."
The nurse obtains a complete family history of a client with a suspected endocrine disorder
based on which rationale?
A) It helps determine the client's general status.
, B) Endocrine disorders can be inherited.
C) Diet and drug histories are related to the family history.
D) An allergy to iodine is inherited. - correct answer B) Endocrine disorders can be inherited.
Which of the following hormones would the nurse identify as being secreted by the thyroid
gland?
A) Thyroxine
B) Parathormone
C) Thymosin
D) Somatotropin - correct answer A) Thyroxine
The nurse is reviewing a client's history which reveals that the client has had an oversecretion
of growth hormone (GH) that occurred before puberty. The nurse interprets this as which of
the following?
A) Dwarfism
B) Acromegaly
C) Simmonds' disease
D) Gigantism - correct answer D) Gigantism
The most common type of goiter is caused by lack of which of the following?
A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Calcium
D) Iodine - correct answer D) Iodine
A client has been brought to the emergency department following an overdose of insulin that
resulted in unconsciousness. When explaining the rationale for this to the family, the nurse will
emphasize that neurons:
A) store glycogen within the brain cavity.
B) can cause the liver to convert triglycerides into energy if needed quickly.
C) must rely on glucose from the blood to meet their energy needs.
D) require many amino acids in order to produce enough energy to function properly. - correct
answer C) must rely on glucose from the blood to meet their energy needs.
Study Guide (Nursing Fundamentals)
When performing a physical examination on a client with cirrhosis, a nurse notices that the
client's abdomen is enlarged. Which of the following interventions should the nurse consider?
A) Report the condition to the physician immediately.
B) Measure abdominal girth according to a set routine.
C) Provide the client with nonprescription laxatives.
D) Ask the client about food intake. - correct answer B) Measure abdominal girth according to a
set routine.
Evaluation of an adult client reveals oversecretion of growth hormone. Which of the following
would the nurse expect to find?
A) Excessive urine output
B) Weight loss
C) Bulging forehead
D) Constant thirst - correct answer C) Bulging forehead
When caring for an older adult taking a psychotropic medication, the psychiatric nurse must be
aware that older adults:
A) usually require a lower dose of these medications than do younger counterparts.
B) are often refractory to psychotropic medications.
C) are always reluctant to take these medications because of stigma and stereotyping.
D) are not as sensitive to the effects of the psychotropics, and so are usually given slightly
higher doses than in younger people. - correct answer A) usually require a lower dose of these
medications than do younger counterparts.
A 3-year-old girl has just been diagnosed with type 1A diabetes. Her parents are currently
receiving education from the diabetes education nurse. How can the nurse best explain to the
parents the etiology (cause) of their daughter's diabetes?
A) "The problem that underlies her diabetes is that her own body has destroyed the cells in her
pancreas that produce insulin."
B) "It's not known exactly why your daughter has completely stopped making insulin, and
treatment will consist of your rigidly controlling her diet."
,C) "This tendency to produce insufficient amounts of insulin is likely something that she
inherited."
D) "Environmental and lifestyle factors are known to play a part in the fact that her pancreas
secretes and withholds insulin at the wrong times." - correct answer A) "The problem that
underlies her diabetes is that her own body has destroyed the cells in her pancreas that
produce insulin."
A nurse is educating the family of a small child with phenylketonuria about meal choices. Which
of the following meal choices by the parents indicate to the nurse that they understand the
dietary management of this disease?
A) A milkshake and a grilled cheese sandwich
B) A bowl of dry cereal with strawberries and apple juice
C) A steak, mashed potatoes, and orange juice
D) A hamburger and a diet pop sweetened with aspartame - correct answer B) A bowl of dry
cereal with strawberries and apple juice.
A client with diabetes mellitus states, "I can eat as many carbohydrates as I want and it will not
affect my blood sugar." What is the nurse's best response?
A) "Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides before being absorbed."
B) "You are correct."
C) "Carbohydrates do not affect blood glucose."
D) "Clients with diabetes cannot eat carbohydrates." - correct answer A) "Carbohydrates are
broken down into monosaccharides before being absorbed."
A nurse, working in a health clinic, treats a variety of conditions on a daily basis. One disorder
that is rapidly increasing and is the leading cause of secondary morbidity is:
A) Kidney disease
B) Coronary heart disease
C) Obesity
D) Pneumonia - correct answer C) Obesity
Which maternal factors should the nurse consider contributory to a newborn being large for
gestational age? Select all that apply.
A) diabetes mellitus
B) postdates gestation
,C) alcohol use
D) prepregnancy obesity
E) renal infection - correct answer A) diabetes mellitus
B) postdates gestation
D) prepregnancy obesity
The nurse is caring for an adult client with acromegaly. What medication, administered
subcutaneously, would the nurse expect the health care provider to order if the client is not a
candidate for other therapy?
A) gonadorelin hydrochloride
B) octreotide
C) nafarelin
D) gonadorelin acetate - correct answer B) octreotide
After administering propylthiouracil (PTU), what effect would the nurse anticipate the drug will
have in the client's body?
A) destruction of part of the thyroid gland
B) inhibited production of thyroid hormone in the thyroid gland
C) suppression of the anterior pituitary gland's secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
D) suppression of the hypothalamus's production of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) -
correct answer B) inhibited production of thyroid hormone in the thyroid gland
A client with diabetes whose husband recently died reports elevated blood glucose levels. She
admits she is barely eating anything; she does not feel hungry. How will the nurse best respond
to this client?
A) "Have you checked the batteries in your glucose monitor recently?"
B) "You probably do not realize all that you are eating during this stressful time."
C) "The body reacts in strange ways when we go through stressful times."
D) "Often with stress, glucose level increases because the body needs more energy." - correct
answer D) "Often with stress, glucose level increases because the body needs more energy."
The nurse obtains a complete family history of a client with a suspected endocrine disorder
based on which rationale?
A) It helps determine the client's general status.
, B) Endocrine disorders can be inherited.
C) Diet and drug histories are related to the family history.
D) An allergy to iodine is inherited. - correct answer B) Endocrine disorders can be inherited.
Which of the following hormones would the nurse identify as being secreted by the thyroid
gland?
A) Thyroxine
B) Parathormone
C) Thymosin
D) Somatotropin - correct answer A) Thyroxine
The nurse is reviewing a client's history which reveals that the client has had an oversecretion
of growth hormone (GH) that occurred before puberty. The nurse interprets this as which of
the following?
A) Dwarfism
B) Acromegaly
C) Simmonds' disease
D) Gigantism - correct answer D) Gigantism
The most common type of goiter is caused by lack of which of the following?
A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Calcium
D) Iodine - correct answer D) Iodine
A client has been brought to the emergency department following an overdose of insulin that
resulted in unconsciousness. When explaining the rationale for this to the family, the nurse will
emphasize that neurons:
A) store glycogen within the brain cavity.
B) can cause the liver to convert triglycerides into energy if needed quickly.
C) must rely on glucose from the blood to meet their energy needs.
D) require many amino acids in order to produce enough energy to function properly. - correct
answer C) must rely on glucose from the blood to meet their energy needs.
