Test bank for Davis Advantage for Pathophysiology Introductory Concepts and Clinical Perspectives 2nd Edition by Theresa M Capriotti |ISBN NO- | ISBN N | Chapter 1-46 | Complete Questions and Answers A+

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Chapter 1, The Cell in Healthkand Illness
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Multiple Choice
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Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Which statement regarding the sodium–potassiumkpump is correct?
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1. The cell’s plasma membrane iskmoreksoluble to sodiumkions than potassium ions.
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2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
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3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the cell
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ss compartment.
4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two
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potassium ions. ss




2. In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is created in t
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ss hekpresence of oxygen? ss ss



1. Dissipation of pyruvic acid ss ss ss



2. Initiation of thekcitric acid cycle ss ss ss ss



3. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A ss ss ss



4. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid ss ss ss ss ss




3. How many adenosine triphosphatesk(ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
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1. 2
2. 3
3. 34
4. 53

4. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
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1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleic acids ss



4. Deoxyribonucleic acids ss




5. Which option best supportskthekreason more energy is produced when a person iskexercising?
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1. Exercise causes an increasekin the synthesis of protein. ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
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3. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
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4. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands. ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss




6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
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1. During endoplasmic reticulumkstress ss ss



2. During theksynthesis of adenosinektriphosphate (ATP) ss ss ss ss



3. During a severe hypoxic state ss ss ss ss



4. During thekprocessing of prohormone ss ss ss




7. Which cellular organelles arekresponsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debriskout of the lungs?
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1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments


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3. Secretory vesicles ss



4. Endoplasmic reticula ss




s s s s 8. s s s s Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
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1. Actin and myosin
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2. Prohormone and tubulin ss ss



3. Tubulin and actin ss ss



4. Myosin and prohormone ss ss




s s s s 9. s s Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachskdisease?
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1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes ss




s s 10. s s Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
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1. Accumulation of ganglioside ss ss



2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis ss ss ss ss



3. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity ss ss ss ss



4. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss




s s 11. s s Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
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1. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.
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2. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
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3. During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
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4. During ER stress, nondegraded substances accumulate in the cells.
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12.
ss s s Aclient is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level, which function is likely to bekin
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volved?
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1. Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



2. Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



3. Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



4. Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum ss ss ss ss ss




ss 13. s Anewborn patient exhibitskcharacteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular component i
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s examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being genetically transferred?
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1. Transfer RNA ss



2. Ribosomal RNA ss



3. Double helix of DNA ss ss ss



4. Mitochondrial DNA ss




ss 14. s sAhiker experiences musclekpain and acidosis while ascending a mountain during a long, steep c
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limb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
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1. Cellular hypoxia ss



2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellular edema ss




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ss 15. Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?
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1. The pairing of nitrogenouskbases
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2. The presence of pyrimidine bases
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3. The presence of nucleotides
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4. The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond
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ss 16. How many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon?
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1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5
s s 17. s s Which components form the structure of DNA?
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1. Nucleotides
2. Amino acids ss



3. Fatty acids ss



4. Phosphates
ss 18. Which factor is essential in order for protein synthesis to occur?
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1. Free-standing ribosomes withinkthekcell ss ss



2. Protein blueprint fromkthe cell of the DNAss ss ss ss ss ss



3. Specific information from the nucleus of the cell ss ss ss ss ss ss ss



4. Transfer RNA to move the protein out of the cell ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss




ss 19. s sTetracycline antibiotic iskprescribed for an adult client with chlamydia infection. Which
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iskthek mechanismkof action of the drug?
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1. It prevents thekreplication of bacteria.
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2. It alters thekconfiguration of bacterial cytoplasm.
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3. It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes.
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4. It inhibits the functions of bacterial mitochondria.
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ss 20. Where does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place?
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1. In the ribosomes ss ss



2. In the Golgi apparatus
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3. In the secretory granules
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4. In the endoplasmic reticulum
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s s 21. s s Which is the cell’s “master mind”?
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1. Nucleus
2. Ribosome
3. Golgi apparatus ss



4. Endoplasmic reticulum ss




Multiple Responsess



Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
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ss 22. Which statements regarding thekmicrotubules are true? Selectallthatapply.
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