GMS 6419 Past Exam Paper with Verified Answers
endocrine glands
hormones
target organs/target cells - correct answers ✔️✔w
️ hat are the three components of the endocrine
system
chemical messengers that are transported by the blood to target cells/organs where they elicit a
physiological change - correct answers ✔️✔️definition of hormones
to regulate cellular and organ function throughout life and maintain normal body homeostasis - correct
answers ✔️✔️what is the function of the endocrine system
-growth/developmental processes
-reproduction
-energy balance/metabolism
-body temperature
-stress responses
-sodium/potassium/calcium/phosphate
-water and sodium balance
,-cardiovascular regulation
-GI system - correct answers ✔️✔️the endocrine system regulates:
by the glands - correct answers ✔️✔w
️ here are hormones made
there is no endocrine gland so the hormone is released from the nerve terminal instead - correct
answers ✔️✔️how are the endocrine and neurocrine systems different
into the interstitial fluid and then to the receptors on target cells - correct answers ✔️✔w
️ here are
hormones released in the paracrine and autocrine systems
growth factors
cytokines
neurotransmitters (NTs) - correct answers ✔️✔️examples of paracrine and autocrine systems
hypothalamus
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
parathyroid gland
adrenal gland
pancreas
ovaries
testes - correct answers ✔️✔w
️ hat are the major endocrine glands
hypothalamus
pituitary gland - correct answers ✔️✔w
️ hat are the master endocrine glands
releasing/inhibiting hormones - correct answers ✔️✔️hypothalamus hormones
,ACTH
TSH
GH
LH
FSH
PRL
SST
AVP
OT - correct answers ✔️✔️pituitary gland hormones
T3
T4
CT - correct answers ✔️✔️thyroid gland hormones
PTH - correct answers ✔️✔️parathyroid gland hormones
ALDO
CORT
EPI
NE - correct answers ✔️✔a️ drenal gland hormones
insulin
glucagon - correct answers ✔️✔️pancreas hormones
estrogen
progesterone
inhibin - correct answers ✔️✔️ovarian hormones
testosterone
, inhibin - correct answers ✔️✔️testes hormones
proteins/peptides (largest group)
steroids/steroid-like molecules
tyrosine-derived hormones - correct answers ✔️✔️what are the three major classes of hormones
intracellularly - correct answers ✔️✔w
️ here are most peptide hormones made
starts with DNA
mRNA
preprohormone (ribosomes)
prohormone (endoplasmic reticulum)
hormone (golgi bodies) - correct answers ✔️✔️steps of making a peptide hormone
stored in secretory/storage granules until they are released - correct answers ✔️✔️where do peptide
hormones go once they are made
hydrophilic (water soluble)
usually circulate freely in blood
short half-life (rapid metabolism and excretion)
bind to membrane receptors at target cell - correct answers ✔️✔c️ haracteristics of peptide hormones
Calcium - correct answers ✔️✔w
️ hat triggers exocytosis of peptide hormones from cell
angiotensin II - correct answers ✔️✔️example of a peptide hormone that is synthesized extracellularly
aldosterone (ALDO)
cortisol (CORT)
estradiol (E2)
endocrine glands
hormones
target organs/target cells - correct answers ✔️✔w
️ hat are the three components of the endocrine
system
chemical messengers that are transported by the blood to target cells/organs where they elicit a
physiological change - correct answers ✔️✔️definition of hormones
to regulate cellular and organ function throughout life and maintain normal body homeostasis - correct
answers ✔️✔️what is the function of the endocrine system
-growth/developmental processes
-reproduction
-energy balance/metabolism
-body temperature
-stress responses
-sodium/potassium/calcium/phosphate
-water and sodium balance
,-cardiovascular regulation
-GI system - correct answers ✔️✔️the endocrine system regulates:
by the glands - correct answers ✔️✔w
️ here are hormones made
there is no endocrine gland so the hormone is released from the nerve terminal instead - correct
answers ✔️✔️how are the endocrine and neurocrine systems different
into the interstitial fluid and then to the receptors on target cells - correct answers ✔️✔w
️ here are
hormones released in the paracrine and autocrine systems
growth factors
cytokines
neurotransmitters (NTs) - correct answers ✔️✔️examples of paracrine and autocrine systems
hypothalamus
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
parathyroid gland
adrenal gland
pancreas
ovaries
testes - correct answers ✔️✔w
️ hat are the major endocrine glands
hypothalamus
pituitary gland - correct answers ✔️✔w
️ hat are the master endocrine glands
releasing/inhibiting hormones - correct answers ✔️✔️hypothalamus hormones
,ACTH
TSH
GH
LH
FSH
PRL
SST
AVP
OT - correct answers ✔️✔️pituitary gland hormones
T3
T4
CT - correct answers ✔️✔️thyroid gland hormones
PTH - correct answers ✔️✔️parathyroid gland hormones
ALDO
CORT
EPI
NE - correct answers ✔️✔a️ drenal gland hormones
insulin
glucagon - correct answers ✔️✔️pancreas hormones
estrogen
progesterone
inhibin - correct answers ✔️✔️ovarian hormones
testosterone
, inhibin - correct answers ✔️✔️testes hormones
proteins/peptides (largest group)
steroids/steroid-like molecules
tyrosine-derived hormones - correct answers ✔️✔️what are the three major classes of hormones
intracellularly - correct answers ✔️✔w
️ here are most peptide hormones made
starts with DNA
mRNA
preprohormone (ribosomes)
prohormone (endoplasmic reticulum)
hormone (golgi bodies) - correct answers ✔️✔️steps of making a peptide hormone
stored in secretory/storage granules until they are released - correct answers ✔️✔️where do peptide
hormones go once they are made
hydrophilic (water soluble)
usually circulate freely in blood
short half-life (rapid metabolism and excretion)
bind to membrane receptors at target cell - correct answers ✔️✔c️ haracteristics of peptide hormones
Calcium - correct answers ✔️✔w
️ hat triggers exocytosis of peptide hormones from cell
angiotensin II - correct answers ✔️✔️example of a peptide hormone that is synthesized extracellularly
aldosterone (ALDO)
cortisol (CORT)
estradiol (E2)
