PSYU3399 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
What |branch |of |ethics |is |concerned |with |how |people |ought |to |behave; |deciphering |right |from |
wrong |actions?
Normative
What |branch |of |ethics |is |concerned |with |what |motivates |people |to |behave |ethically?
Descriptive
What |branch |of |ethics |is |concerned |with |the |application |of |ethical |principles |to |various |
domains, |such |as |research |ethics?
Applied
Samuel |believes |that |when |making |decisions, |it |is |important |to |consider |the |'greatest |good |for
|the |greatest |number |of |people'. |What |subset |of |Normative |ethics |is |John |demonstrating?
Consequentialism/utilitarianism
Simon's |mother |is |feeling |really |lonely |and |would |like |Simon |to |come |and |spend |the |day |with |
her. |Simon |had |planned |on |using |the |day |to |volunteer |with |counselling |for |recently |arrived |
refugees. |By |volunteering, |he |would |be |helping |a |much |larger |group |of |people, |rather |than |
cheering |up |his |moth- |er |for |simply |one |day. |But |decides |to |go |and |spend |the |day |with |his |
mother.
Greatest |good |for |the |greatest |number
Which |of |the |following |is |a |critique |of |Kant's |Deontological |ethics?
Removes |personal |factor
Ignores |our |emotions |and |feelings
Does |not |apply |where |there |are |conflicting |duties |(e.g |employment |versus |religious |beliefs)
Which |of |the |following |is |a |critique |of |Aristotle's |virtue |ethics?
Values |virtues |differ |depending |on |the |context
Virtuous |character |may |not |lead |to |good |actions
In |particular |situations, |virtues |could |be |conflicting
,What |are |the |main |ethical |principles |in |PACE?
Reciprocity |and |mutual |benefit
What |does |'justice' |refer |to |as |a |principle |of |ethical |research?
fairness |to |participants |in |recruitment |and |effort |requested
What |does |'merit |and |integrity' |refer |to |as |a |principle |of |ethical |research?
purpose |of |research, |dissemination |of |results, |trained |researcher
Which, |of |these |examples, |constitutes |human |research?
Collection |of |body |organs, |tissues, |exhaled |breath
Taking |part |in |surveys, |interviews, |focus |groups
Psychological, |physiological, |medical |testing |or |treatment
All |of |the |above
What |gender |differences |in |animal |behaviour |were |identified |by |Archer, |1988?
Male |animals |are |more |aggressive, |more |likely |to |attack, |more |likely |to |fight
How |did |Konrad |Lorenz |theorise |aggressive |behaviour?
Aggression |is |instinctual
Aggression |is |released/unlocked |in |certain |circumstances, |such |as |when |it |becomes |'pent |up'
Where |does |aggressive |behaviour |'show |up' |in |the |DSM-V?
Antisocial, |narcissistic, |borderline, |and |paranoid |personality |disorders
Conduct |disorders |in |children
Addiction, |especially |alcohol, |amphetamines, |and |ice
How |does |the |neuropsychological |principle |of |'fire |together, |wire |together' |apply |to |
aggression?
The |more |aggression |and |violence |we |experience, |the |greater |the |number |of |nodes |and |
strength
of |the |connections
If |the |same |sequence |of |events |plays |out |in |real |life |or |vicariously |(through |others, |media, |or
video |games) |it |becomes |like |a |'script' |that |can |be |triggered
Which |theory |is |reflected |by |the |following |explanation |of |aggressive |behaviour?
Unpleasant |or |threatening |situations |(e.g |frustration, |provocation, |perceived |threats) |arouse |
negative |feelings, |which |are |associated |with |anger/fight |tendencies |or |flight/fear |tendencies, |
, depending |on |whichever |dominates |that |individual's |neural |network |(i.e |thoughts, |memories, |
responses).
Cognitive |Neo-Association |Theory
Researcher |Rowell |Huesmann |compared |an |aggressive |episode |to |what?
A |movie |script
The |frustration-aggression |hypothesis |argues |what?
All |frustration |leads |to |aggression, |all |instances |of |aggression |can |be |traced |back |to |frustration
Albert |Bandura's |social |learning |theory |suggests |that |people |acquire |aggressive |tendencies |
through?
Observing |aggression
Mimicking |aggression
According |to |Bandura's |social |learning |theory, |when |are |we |more |likely |to |copy |aggressive |
models?
When |models |are |respected, |liked, |or |high |status
When |models |are |familiar |or |similar
When |models |behaviour |is |rewarded
Deficits |in |which |neurotransmitter |are |linked |to |aggression |in |humans?
Serotonin
Which |hormone |has |been |associated |with |aggression?
Testosterone, |in |high |levels
Damage |to |which |area |of |the |brain |can |lead |to |uninhibited, |aggressive |behaviour?
Frontal |lobe
According |to |Tedeschi |& |Felson |(1994), |aggression |is |instrumental |in |what |sense?
Aggression |is |a |way |of |achieving |desired |goals |(obtain |something |of |value, |put |forward |a |de-
sired |image)
According |to |the |General |Aggression |Model, |in |what |situation |will |a |person |have |a |reactive |re-
|sponse?
When |they |do |not |have |enough |time |and |cognitive |capacity
When |the |automatic |response |is |not |'important |and |undesirable'
SOLUTIONS
What |branch |of |ethics |is |concerned |with |how |people |ought |to |behave; |deciphering |right |from |
wrong |actions?
Normative
What |branch |of |ethics |is |concerned |with |what |motivates |people |to |behave |ethically?
Descriptive
What |branch |of |ethics |is |concerned |with |the |application |of |ethical |principles |to |various |
domains, |such |as |research |ethics?
Applied
Samuel |believes |that |when |making |decisions, |it |is |important |to |consider |the |'greatest |good |for
|the |greatest |number |of |people'. |What |subset |of |Normative |ethics |is |John |demonstrating?
Consequentialism/utilitarianism
Simon's |mother |is |feeling |really |lonely |and |would |like |Simon |to |come |and |spend |the |day |with |
her. |Simon |had |planned |on |using |the |day |to |volunteer |with |counselling |for |recently |arrived |
refugees. |By |volunteering, |he |would |be |helping |a |much |larger |group |of |people, |rather |than |
cheering |up |his |moth- |er |for |simply |one |day. |But |decides |to |go |and |spend |the |day |with |his |
mother.
Greatest |good |for |the |greatest |number
Which |of |the |following |is |a |critique |of |Kant's |Deontological |ethics?
Removes |personal |factor
Ignores |our |emotions |and |feelings
Does |not |apply |where |there |are |conflicting |duties |(e.g |employment |versus |religious |beliefs)
Which |of |the |following |is |a |critique |of |Aristotle's |virtue |ethics?
Values |virtues |differ |depending |on |the |context
Virtuous |character |may |not |lead |to |good |actions
In |particular |situations, |virtues |could |be |conflicting
,What |are |the |main |ethical |principles |in |PACE?
Reciprocity |and |mutual |benefit
What |does |'justice' |refer |to |as |a |principle |of |ethical |research?
fairness |to |participants |in |recruitment |and |effort |requested
What |does |'merit |and |integrity' |refer |to |as |a |principle |of |ethical |research?
purpose |of |research, |dissemination |of |results, |trained |researcher
Which, |of |these |examples, |constitutes |human |research?
Collection |of |body |organs, |tissues, |exhaled |breath
Taking |part |in |surveys, |interviews, |focus |groups
Psychological, |physiological, |medical |testing |or |treatment
All |of |the |above
What |gender |differences |in |animal |behaviour |were |identified |by |Archer, |1988?
Male |animals |are |more |aggressive, |more |likely |to |attack, |more |likely |to |fight
How |did |Konrad |Lorenz |theorise |aggressive |behaviour?
Aggression |is |instinctual
Aggression |is |released/unlocked |in |certain |circumstances, |such |as |when |it |becomes |'pent |up'
Where |does |aggressive |behaviour |'show |up' |in |the |DSM-V?
Antisocial, |narcissistic, |borderline, |and |paranoid |personality |disorders
Conduct |disorders |in |children
Addiction, |especially |alcohol, |amphetamines, |and |ice
How |does |the |neuropsychological |principle |of |'fire |together, |wire |together' |apply |to |
aggression?
The |more |aggression |and |violence |we |experience, |the |greater |the |number |of |nodes |and |
strength
of |the |connections
If |the |same |sequence |of |events |plays |out |in |real |life |or |vicariously |(through |others, |media, |or
video |games) |it |becomes |like |a |'script' |that |can |be |triggered
Which |theory |is |reflected |by |the |following |explanation |of |aggressive |behaviour?
Unpleasant |or |threatening |situations |(e.g |frustration, |provocation, |perceived |threats) |arouse |
negative |feelings, |which |are |associated |with |anger/fight |tendencies |or |flight/fear |tendencies, |
, depending |on |whichever |dominates |that |individual's |neural |network |(i.e |thoughts, |memories, |
responses).
Cognitive |Neo-Association |Theory
Researcher |Rowell |Huesmann |compared |an |aggressive |episode |to |what?
A |movie |script
The |frustration-aggression |hypothesis |argues |what?
All |frustration |leads |to |aggression, |all |instances |of |aggression |can |be |traced |back |to |frustration
Albert |Bandura's |social |learning |theory |suggests |that |people |acquire |aggressive |tendencies |
through?
Observing |aggression
Mimicking |aggression
According |to |Bandura's |social |learning |theory, |when |are |we |more |likely |to |copy |aggressive |
models?
When |models |are |respected, |liked, |or |high |status
When |models |are |familiar |or |similar
When |models |behaviour |is |rewarded
Deficits |in |which |neurotransmitter |are |linked |to |aggression |in |humans?
Serotonin
Which |hormone |has |been |associated |with |aggression?
Testosterone, |in |high |levels
Damage |to |which |area |of |the |brain |can |lead |to |uninhibited, |aggressive |behaviour?
Frontal |lobe
According |to |Tedeschi |& |Felson |(1994), |aggression |is |instrumental |in |what |sense?
Aggression |is |a |way |of |achieving |desired |goals |(obtain |something |of |value, |put |forward |a |de-
sired |image)
According |to |the |General |Aggression |Model, |in |what |situation |will |a |person |have |a |reactive |re-
|sponse?
When |they |do |not |have |enough |time |and |cognitive |capacity
When |the |automatic |response |is |not |'important |and |undesirable'
