Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names
June 2025 Pearson Edexcel: GCSE (9–1)
Centre Number Candidate Number Astronomy 1AS0/01 – Paper 1 Naked-eye
Astronomy – Merged Question Paper &
Mark Scheme.
Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 GCSE (9–1)
Monday 2 June 2025
Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 45 minutes) Paper
reference 1AS0/01
Astronomy 🟐 🟐
PAPER 1: Naked‑eye Astronomy
You must have: Total Marks
Formulae and Data Sheet (enclosed)
Calculator, ruler
Instructions
• Use black ink or ball‑point pen.
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
•• Calculators may be used.
Any diagrams may NOT be accurately drawn, unless otherwise indicated.
• You must show all your working out with your answer clearly identified
end of your solution .
at the
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 100.
• – use this asfora guide
The marks each question are shown in brackets
as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
•• Try to answer every question.
Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P78691A
©2025 Pearson Education Ltd.
Y:1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
, Formulae and Data Sheet
Formulae
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Equation of Time = Apparent Solar Time (AST) – Mean Solar Time (MST)
T2
Kepler’s 3rd law: = a constant
r3
fo
Magnification of telescope: magnification =
fe
Distance modulus formula: M = m + 5 – 5 log d
λ λ0 v
Redshift formula:
λ0 c
Hubble’s law: v = H0d
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Data
Mass of Earth 6.0 × 1024 kg
Mean diameter of Earth 13 000 km
Mean diameter of Moon 3500 km
Mean diameter of Sun 1.4 × 106 km
One Astronomical Unit (AU) 1.5 × 108 km
Mean Earth to Moon distance 380 000 km
One light year (l.y.) 9.5 × 1012 km DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
One parsec (pc) 3.1 × 1013 km = 3.26 l.y.
Sidereal day of Earth 23 h 56 min
Synodic day of Earth 24 h 00 min
Temperature of solar photosphere 5800 K
Hubble Constant 68 km/s/Mpc
Speed of light in vacuum 3.0 × 108 m/s
2
■■■■
, DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
■■■■
Sidereal Mean
Type of Mean distance Diameter Mass/ Ring
Name period/Earth temperature Moons
body from Sun/AU /1000 km Earth mass system
year /°C
Mercury planet 0.38 0.24 170 4.9 0.055 no none
Venus planet 0.72 0.62 470 12.1 0.82 no none
Earth planet 1.0 1.0 15 12.8 1.00 no 1: the Moon
2 small moons: Deimos and
Mars planet 1.5 1.9 –50 6.9 0.11 no
Phobos
Ceres dwarf planet 2.8 4.6 –105 0.95 1.5 × 10–4 no none
4 major moons: Ganymede,
Jupiter planet 5.2 11.9 –150 143 318 yes Callisto, Europa, Io
>60 others
5 major moons: including
Saturn planet 9.5 29.5 –180 121 95 yes Titan, Iapetus
>55 others
5 major moons: including
Uranus planet 19.1 84.0 –210 51 15 yes Titania, Oberon
>20 others
1 major moon: Triton
Neptune planet 30.0 165 –220 50 17 yes
>12 others
1 major moon: Charon
Pluto dwarf planet 39.5 248 –230 2.4 2.2 × 10–3 no
>4 other moons
Haumea dwarf planet 43.1 283 –241 1.4 6.7 × 10–4 no 2
Eris dwarf planet 67.8 557 –230 2.3 2.8 × 10–3 no at least 1
Turn over
3
, Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 (a) A student makes a sketch of the surface of the Moon, as shown in Figure 1.
B
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
A
Figure 1
(i) Identify which phase of the Moon is shown in Figure 1.
(1)
A crescent
B full
C gibbous DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
D new
(ii) Identify the small circular features labelled A in Figure 1.
(1)
A craters
B mare
C mountains
D terrae
4
■■■■
Candidate surname Other names
June 2025 Pearson Edexcel: GCSE (9–1)
Centre Number Candidate Number Astronomy 1AS0/01 – Paper 1 Naked-eye
Astronomy – Merged Question Paper &
Mark Scheme.
Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 GCSE (9–1)
Monday 2 June 2025
Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 45 minutes) Paper
reference 1AS0/01
Astronomy 🟐 🟐
PAPER 1: Naked‑eye Astronomy
You must have: Total Marks
Formulae and Data Sheet (enclosed)
Calculator, ruler
Instructions
• Use black ink or ball‑point pen.
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
•• Calculators may be used.
Any diagrams may NOT be accurately drawn, unless otherwise indicated.
• You must show all your working out with your answer clearly identified
end of your solution .
at the
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 100.
• – use this asfora guide
The marks each question are shown in brackets
as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
•• Try to answer every question.
Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P78691A
©2025 Pearson Education Ltd.
Y:1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
, Formulae and Data Sheet
Formulae
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Equation of Time = Apparent Solar Time (AST) – Mean Solar Time (MST)
T2
Kepler’s 3rd law: = a constant
r3
fo
Magnification of telescope: magnification =
fe
Distance modulus formula: M = m + 5 – 5 log d
λ λ0 v
Redshift formula:
λ0 c
Hubble’s law: v = H0d
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Data
Mass of Earth 6.0 × 1024 kg
Mean diameter of Earth 13 000 km
Mean diameter of Moon 3500 km
Mean diameter of Sun 1.4 × 106 km
One Astronomical Unit (AU) 1.5 × 108 km
Mean Earth to Moon distance 380 000 km
One light year (l.y.) 9.5 × 1012 km DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
One parsec (pc) 3.1 × 1013 km = 3.26 l.y.
Sidereal day of Earth 23 h 56 min
Synodic day of Earth 24 h 00 min
Temperature of solar photosphere 5800 K
Hubble Constant 68 km/s/Mpc
Speed of light in vacuum 3.0 × 108 m/s
2
■■■■
, DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
■■■■
Sidereal Mean
Type of Mean distance Diameter Mass/ Ring
Name period/Earth temperature Moons
body from Sun/AU /1000 km Earth mass system
year /°C
Mercury planet 0.38 0.24 170 4.9 0.055 no none
Venus planet 0.72 0.62 470 12.1 0.82 no none
Earth planet 1.0 1.0 15 12.8 1.00 no 1: the Moon
2 small moons: Deimos and
Mars planet 1.5 1.9 –50 6.9 0.11 no
Phobos
Ceres dwarf planet 2.8 4.6 –105 0.95 1.5 × 10–4 no none
4 major moons: Ganymede,
Jupiter planet 5.2 11.9 –150 143 318 yes Callisto, Europa, Io
>60 others
5 major moons: including
Saturn planet 9.5 29.5 –180 121 95 yes Titan, Iapetus
>55 others
5 major moons: including
Uranus planet 19.1 84.0 –210 51 15 yes Titania, Oberon
>20 others
1 major moon: Triton
Neptune planet 30.0 165 –220 50 17 yes
>12 others
1 major moon: Charon
Pluto dwarf planet 39.5 248 –230 2.4 2.2 × 10–3 no
>4 other moons
Haumea dwarf planet 43.1 283 –241 1.4 6.7 × 10–4 no 2
Eris dwarf planet 67.8 557 –230 2.3 2.8 × 10–3 no at least 1
Turn over
3
, Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 (a) A student makes a sketch of the surface of the Moon, as shown in Figure 1.
B
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
A
Figure 1
(i) Identify which phase of the Moon is shown in Figure 1.
(1)
A crescent
B full
C gibbous DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
D new
(ii) Identify the small circular features labelled A in Figure 1.
(1)
A craters
B mare
C mountains
D terrae
4
■■■■
