SAMENVATTING
BOEK SUPPLY
CHAIN
MANAGEMENT
,Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1 – Introduction ................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Wat is Operations Management .................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Het belang van Operations Management ..................................................................................... 5
1.3 Kernfuncties in de organisatie ....................................................................................................... 5
1.4 Procesperspectief ......................................................................................................................... 5
1.5 Prestatiemaatstaven ..................................................................................................................... 5
1.6 Mismatch tussen vraag en aanbod ............................................................................................... 6
1.7 Rol van de operations manager .................................................................................................... 6
1.8 Opbouw van het boek ................................................................................................................... 6
Hoofdstuk 2 – Process Analysis .......................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Flow units en resources ................................................................................................................ 7
2.3 Belangrijke procesmaten ............................................................................................................... 7
2.4 Little’s Law..................................................................................................................................... 7
2.5 Bottlenecks .................................................................................................................................... 8
2.6 Capaciteitsanalyse ........................................................................................................................ 8
2.7 Imbalance en wachttijden .............................................................................................................. 8
2.8 Belang van procesanalyse ............................................................................................................ 8
Hoofdstuk 3 – Understanding the Supply Process: Evaluating Process Capacity ........................ 9
3.1 Proces flow diagram ...................................................................................................................... 9
3.2 Bottleneck, capaciteit en flow rate................................................................................................. 9
3.3 Tijd om een hoeveelheid te produceren ........................................................................................ 9
3.4 Proces- en capaciteitsbenutting .................................................................................................... 9
3.5 Workload en implied utilization ...................................................................................................... 9
3.6 Meerdere soorten flow units ........................................................................................................ 10
3.7 Belang van capaciteitsanalyse .................................................................................................... 10
Hoofdstuk 5 – Batching and Other Flow Interruptions: Setup Times and the Economic Order
Quantity Model ......................................................................................................................................11
5.1 Impact van setups op capaciteit ...................................................................................................11
5.2 Interactie tussen batching en voorraad ........................................................................................11
5.3 Kiezen van een batchgrootte bij setups .......................................................................................11
5.4 Setups en productvariëteit ...........................................................................................................11
5.5 Setup time reduction ....................................................................................................................11
5.6 Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model ..................................................................................... 12
5.7 Observaties bij EOQ ................................................................................................................... 12
5.8 Belang van batching-analyse ...................................................................................................... 12
Hoofdstuk 9 – Quality and Statistical Process Control ................................................................... 13
, 9.1 Belang van kwaliteit .................................................................................................................... 13
9.2 Dimensies van kwaliteit ............................................................................................................... 13
9.3 Variabiliteit en fouten ................................................................................................................... 13
9.4 Statistische procesbeheersing (SPC) ......................................................................................... 13
9.5 Meten van kwaliteit ...................................................................................................................... 13
9.6 Verbeteren van kwaliteit .............................................................................................................. 14
9.7 Trade-offs en strategisch belang ................................................................................................. 14
9.8 Belang van SPC in OM ............................................................................................................... 14
Hoofdstuk 10 – Lean Operations ...................................................................................................... 15
10.1 Belang van lean ........................................................................................................................ 15
10.2 Verspilling (muda) ..................................................................................................................... 15
10.3 Just-in-Time (JIT) ...................................................................................................................... 15
10.4 Continue verbetering en standaardisatie .................................................................................. 15
10.5 Variabiliteit en kwaliteit .............................................................................................................. 15
10.6 Voorraad en procesverbetering ................................................................................................. 16
10.7 Implementatie van lean ............................................................................................................. 16
10.8 Strategisch belang .................................................................................................................... 16
Hoofdstuk 13 – Forecasting ............................................................................................................... 17
13.1 Forecasting Framework ............................................................................................................ 17
13.2 Evaluatie van de Kwaliteit van een Forecast ............................................................................ 17
13.3 Elimineren van Ruis uit Data Om patronen beter te herkennen, worden technieken gebruikt om
ruis (toevallige fluctuaties) te verminderen: ...................................................................................... 17
13.4 Time Series Analysis – Trends .................................................................................................. 17
13.5 Time Series Analysis – Seizoenpatronen ................................................................................. 18
13.6 Subjectieve Forecasting en Expert Panels ............................................................................... 18
13.7 Conclusie................................................................................................................................... 18
Hoofdstuk 14 – Betting on Uncertain Demand: The Newsvendor Model ...................................... 19
14.1 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................... 19
14.2 Kosten van mismatch ................................................................................................................ 19
14.3 Structuur van het model ............................................................................................................ 19
14.4 Kritische fractie .......................................................................................................................... 19
14.5 Prestatiemaatstaven ................................................................................................................. 19
14.6 Praktische toepassing ............................................................................................................... 19
14.7 Conclusie................................................................................................................................... 20
Hoofdstuk 15 – Assemble-to-Order, Make-to-Order, and Quick Response with Reactive Capacity
............................................................................................................................................................... 21
15.1 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................... 21
15.2 Make-to-Stock vs. Make-to-Order ............................................................................................. 21
15.3 Assemble-to-Order (ATO) ......................................................................................................... 21
15.4 Quick Response (QR) ............................................................................................................... 21
, 15.5 Reactive capacity ...................................................................................................................... 21
15.6 Vergelijking van strategieën ...................................................................................................... 22
15.7 Conclusie................................................................................................................................... 22
Hoofdstuk 16 – Risk Pooling Strategies to Reduce Demand Uncertainty ..................................... 23
16.1 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................... 23
16.2 Veiligheidsvoorraad en vraagonzekerheid ................................................................................ 23
16.3 Risk pooling door centralisatie .................................................................................................. 23
16.4 Risk pooling door productsubstitutie ......................................................................................... 23
16.5 Risk pooling door component commonality .............................................................................. 23
16.6 Risk pooling door capaciteitsflexibiliteit ..................................................................................... 23
16.7 Trade-offs bij risk pooling .......................................................................................................... 24
16.8 Conclusie................................................................................................................................... 24
Hoofdstuk 17 – Advanced Revenue Management: Dynamic Pricing, Forecasting, and
Overbooking......................................................................................................................................... 25
17.1 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................... 25
17.2 Dynamic pricing ......................................................................................................................... 25
17.3 Forecasting van vraag ............................................................................................................... 25
17.4 Overbooking .............................................................................................................................. 25
17.5 Toepassing in de praktijk ........................................................................................................... 25
17.6 Trade-offs en uitdagingen ......................................................................................................... 26
17.7 Conclusie................................................................................................................................... 26
Hoofdstuk 19 – Supply Chain Management ...................................................................................... 27
19.1 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................... 27
19.2 Belang van SCM ....................................................................................................................... 27
19.3 Het bullwhip-effect ..................................................................................................................... 27
19.4 Informatie en coördinatie ........................................................................................................... 27
19.5 Strategieën voor supply chains ................................................................................................. 27
19.6 Samenwerking in de keten ........................................................................................................ 28
19.7 Conclusie................................................................................................................................... 28
Formule- en Modeloverzicht ............................................................................................................... 29
Hoofdstuk 2 – Process Analysis ........................................................................................................ 29
Hoofdstuk 3 – Evaluating Process Capacity ..................................................................................... 29
Hoofdstuk 5 – Batching & EOQ......................................................................................................... 29
Hoofdstuk 9 – Quality & SPC ............................................................................................................ 30
Hoofdstuk 10 – Lean Operations ...................................................................................................... 30
Hoofdstuk 14 – Newsvendor Model .................................................................................................. 31
Hoofdstuk 16 – Risk Pooling ............................................................................................................. 31
Hoofdstuk 17 – Revenue Management ............................................................................................ 31
Hoofdstuk 19 – Supply Chain Management ..................................................................................... 31
BOEK SUPPLY
CHAIN
MANAGEMENT
,Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1 – Introduction ................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Wat is Operations Management .................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Het belang van Operations Management ..................................................................................... 5
1.3 Kernfuncties in de organisatie ....................................................................................................... 5
1.4 Procesperspectief ......................................................................................................................... 5
1.5 Prestatiemaatstaven ..................................................................................................................... 5
1.6 Mismatch tussen vraag en aanbod ............................................................................................... 6
1.7 Rol van de operations manager .................................................................................................... 6
1.8 Opbouw van het boek ................................................................................................................... 6
Hoofdstuk 2 – Process Analysis .......................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Flow units en resources ................................................................................................................ 7
2.3 Belangrijke procesmaten ............................................................................................................... 7
2.4 Little’s Law..................................................................................................................................... 7
2.5 Bottlenecks .................................................................................................................................... 8
2.6 Capaciteitsanalyse ........................................................................................................................ 8
2.7 Imbalance en wachttijden .............................................................................................................. 8
2.8 Belang van procesanalyse ............................................................................................................ 8
Hoofdstuk 3 – Understanding the Supply Process: Evaluating Process Capacity ........................ 9
3.1 Proces flow diagram ...................................................................................................................... 9
3.2 Bottleneck, capaciteit en flow rate................................................................................................. 9
3.3 Tijd om een hoeveelheid te produceren ........................................................................................ 9
3.4 Proces- en capaciteitsbenutting .................................................................................................... 9
3.5 Workload en implied utilization ...................................................................................................... 9
3.6 Meerdere soorten flow units ........................................................................................................ 10
3.7 Belang van capaciteitsanalyse .................................................................................................... 10
Hoofdstuk 5 – Batching and Other Flow Interruptions: Setup Times and the Economic Order
Quantity Model ......................................................................................................................................11
5.1 Impact van setups op capaciteit ...................................................................................................11
5.2 Interactie tussen batching en voorraad ........................................................................................11
5.3 Kiezen van een batchgrootte bij setups .......................................................................................11
5.4 Setups en productvariëteit ...........................................................................................................11
5.5 Setup time reduction ....................................................................................................................11
5.6 Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model ..................................................................................... 12
5.7 Observaties bij EOQ ................................................................................................................... 12
5.8 Belang van batching-analyse ...................................................................................................... 12
Hoofdstuk 9 – Quality and Statistical Process Control ................................................................... 13
, 9.1 Belang van kwaliteit .................................................................................................................... 13
9.2 Dimensies van kwaliteit ............................................................................................................... 13
9.3 Variabiliteit en fouten ................................................................................................................... 13
9.4 Statistische procesbeheersing (SPC) ......................................................................................... 13
9.5 Meten van kwaliteit ...................................................................................................................... 13
9.6 Verbeteren van kwaliteit .............................................................................................................. 14
9.7 Trade-offs en strategisch belang ................................................................................................. 14
9.8 Belang van SPC in OM ............................................................................................................... 14
Hoofdstuk 10 – Lean Operations ...................................................................................................... 15
10.1 Belang van lean ........................................................................................................................ 15
10.2 Verspilling (muda) ..................................................................................................................... 15
10.3 Just-in-Time (JIT) ...................................................................................................................... 15
10.4 Continue verbetering en standaardisatie .................................................................................. 15
10.5 Variabiliteit en kwaliteit .............................................................................................................. 15
10.6 Voorraad en procesverbetering ................................................................................................. 16
10.7 Implementatie van lean ............................................................................................................. 16
10.8 Strategisch belang .................................................................................................................... 16
Hoofdstuk 13 – Forecasting ............................................................................................................... 17
13.1 Forecasting Framework ............................................................................................................ 17
13.2 Evaluatie van de Kwaliteit van een Forecast ............................................................................ 17
13.3 Elimineren van Ruis uit Data Om patronen beter te herkennen, worden technieken gebruikt om
ruis (toevallige fluctuaties) te verminderen: ...................................................................................... 17
13.4 Time Series Analysis – Trends .................................................................................................. 17
13.5 Time Series Analysis – Seizoenpatronen ................................................................................. 18
13.6 Subjectieve Forecasting en Expert Panels ............................................................................... 18
13.7 Conclusie................................................................................................................................... 18
Hoofdstuk 14 – Betting on Uncertain Demand: The Newsvendor Model ...................................... 19
14.1 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................... 19
14.2 Kosten van mismatch ................................................................................................................ 19
14.3 Structuur van het model ............................................................................................................ 19
14.4 Kritische fractie .......................................................................................................................... 19
14.5 Prestatiemaatstaven ................................................................................................................. 19
14.6 Praktische toepassing ............................................................................................................... 19
14.7 Conclusie................................................................................................................................... 20
Hoofdstuk 15 – Assemble-to-Order, Make-to-Order, and Quick Response with Reactive Capacity
............................................................................................................................................................... 21
15.1 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................... 21
15.2 Make-to-Stock vs. Make-to-Order ............................................................................................. 21
15.3 Assemble-to-Order (ATO) ......................................................................................................... 21
15.4 Quick Response (QR) ............................................................................................................... 21
, 15.5 Reactive capacity ...................................................................................................................... 21
15.6 Vergelijking van strategieën ...................................................................................................... 22
15.7 Conclusie................................................................................................................................... 22
Hoofdstuk 16 – Risk Pooling Strategies to Reduce Demand Uncertainty ..................................... 23
16.1 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................... 23
16.2 Veiligheidsvoorraad en vraagonzekerheid ................................................................................ 23
16.3 Risk pooling door centralisatie .................................................................................................. 23
16.4 Risk pooling door productsubstitutie ......................................................................................... 23
16.5 Risk pooling door component commonality .............................................................................. 23
16.6 Risk pooling door capaciteitsflexibiliteit ..................................................................................... 23
16.7 Trade-offs bij risk pooling .......................................................................................................... 24
16.8 Conclusie................................................................................................................................... 24
Hoofdstuk 17 – Advanced Revenue Management: Dynamic Pricing, Forecasting, and
Overbooking......................................................................................................................................... 25
17.1 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................... 25
17.2 Dynamic pricing ......................................................................................................................... 25
17.3 Forecasting van vraag ............................................................................................................... 25
17.4 Overbooking .............................................................................................................................. 25
17.5 Toepassing in de praktijk ........................................................................................................... 25
17.6 Trade-offs en uitdagingen ......................................................................................................... 26
17.7 Conclusie................................................................................................................................... 26
Hoofdstuk 19 – Supply Chain Management ...................................................................................... 27
19.1 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................... 27
19.2 Belang van SCM ....................................................................................................................... 27
19.3 Het bullwhip-effect ..................................................................................................................... 27
19.4 Informatie en coördinatie ........................................................................................................... 27
19.5 Strategieën voor supply chains ................................................................................................. 27
19.6 Samenwerking in de keten ........................................................................................................ 28
19.7 Conclusie................................................................................................................................... 28
Formule- en Modeloverzicht ............................................................................................................... 29
Hoofdstuk 2 – Process Analysis ........................................................................................................ 29
Hoofdstuk 3 – Evaluating Process Capacity ..................................................................................... 29
Hoofdstuk 5 – Batching & EOQ......................................................................................................... 29
Hoofdstuk 9 – Quality & SPC ............................................................................................................ 30
Hoofdstuk 10 – Lean Operations ...................................................................................................... 30
Hoofdstuk 14 – Newsvendor Model .................................................................................................. 31
Hoofdstuk 16 – Risk Pooling ............................................................................................................. 31
Hoofdstuk 17 – Revenue Management ............................................................................................ 31
Hoofdstuk 19 – Supply Chain Management ..................................................................................... 31
