HES 305 - Final Exam
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1. What is the functional unit of the mus- Sarcomere
cle cell?
2. What is the band of only thin fi I-band
3. What is the centre of the H-zone also M-line
known as?
4. What hold the m-disc of tick filament Titin
to the z-disc?
5. Describe the histology of skeletal mus- - Long, cylindrical fibre
cle (3) - Striated
- Multinucleated
6. Describe the functions of skeletal mus- - Voluntary movement
cle (3) - Produce heat
- Protect organs
7. Describe the locations of skeletal mus- - Attached to boned
cle (3) - Around orfices
8. Describe the histology of cardiac mus- - Short
cle (4) - Branched
- Striated
- Singl nucleus
9. Describe the function of cardiac mus- Contracts to pump blood
cle
10. Describe the location of cardiac mus- Heart
cle
11.
, HES 305 - Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ea0ld3
Describe the histology of smooth mus- - Short
cle (4) - Spindle shaped
- Not striated
- Single nucleus
12. Describe the functions of smooth mus- - Involuntary movement
cle (5) - Move food
- Involuntary respiration
- Secretions
- Blood in arteries
13. Describe the locations of smooth mus- - Walls of major organs
cle (2) - Walls of passages
14. List the structure and layers of muscle Fascicles -> muscle fibers -> myofibrils
from outer layer to inner layer (3)
15. Describe fascicles Tightly packed bundles inside muscle
16. Describe muscle fibers Groups of long cells inside fascicles
17. Describe myogibrils 1000s of them inside muscle fibres
18. Where are satalite cells located? Inside the basement membrane of muscle fiber
19. List and describe the 3 stages of satal- 1) Proliferation
ite cell activation 2) Migration, adhesion, fusion
3) Fusion, growth
20. Describe the 4 steps of the myogenic 1) Mitosis into additional satalite cells
pathway of satalite cells 2) Formation of myotube (contains contractile
proteins)
3) Translocation of myotube across sarcolemma
4) Fusion of myotube with existing myofibril
, HES 305 - Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ea0ld3
21. List the 2 contractile properties of the 1) Thick filament
muscle 2) Thin filament
22. Describe the 3 components of the tick 1) 6-subunit myosin protein
filament 2) 2 heavy chains (MHC)
3) 2 light chains (MLCs)
23. List the 3 components of the thin fila- 1) 2 twisted strings of spherical actin molecules
ment 2) Tropomyosin on actin
3) Toponin
24. List the 3 types of troponin 1) Troponin - C
2) Triponin - I
3) Troponin - T
25. List the 6 steps of the contractile mech- Hydrolysis of ATP -> myosin head conf change
anisms of the thick filament -> binds to actin and Pi + energy are released
from myosin-ATP binding site -> Myosin head
rotate/swing back while still bound to actin -> ADP
released from myosin binding site -> myosin stays
attached until another ATP binds
26. Describe the myosin heavy chain and - MHC I
mATPase activity in type I fibers - Slow
27. Describe the myosin heavy chain and - MHC IIa
mATPase activity in type IIa fibers - Fast
28. Describe the myosin heavy chain and - MHC IIx
mATPase activity in type IIx fibers - Very fast
29. Describe the 3 steps of the contractile Ca2+ released from SR binds to troponin C sites
mechanism of the thin filament -> troponin makes conformational change, moves
, HES 305 - Final Exam
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tropomyosin from actin binding -> allows for
myosin-actin cross-bridge binding to occur
30. Descruve the 4 mechanisms of calcium 1) Storage, release, and resequestering of Ca2+
handling in contraction depends on SR
2) SR depends on T-tubules to propogate electri-
cal depolorization resulting from AP from motor
neuron
3) Food proteins (DHP 7 RyR) convert AP to chem-
ical signal to terminal cicternae
4) Allows SR to release Ca2+ = [Ca2+] increases in
cytoplasm
31. Describe the main mechanism respon- SERCA pump responsible for reuptake of Ca2+
sible for calcium handling in relaxation
32. What is another word for "speed of re- Lusitropy
laxation"?
33. What 2 things does lusitropy depend 1) Muscle tissue
on? 2) Fiber type
34. List the 2 types of SERCA pumps and 1) SERCA1a: Type II
where they are located 2) SERCA2a: Type I, cardiac, and smooth myscle
35. List the 3 modifying proteins responsi- 1) Sarcolipin
ble for how well SERCA pumps work 2) Parvalbumin
3) Calsequesterine
36. Ability to release and resequester Ca2+ Exercise-induced fatigue
may contribute to what?
37. Describe the cytoskeleton Proteins that provide the framework to hold actin
and myosin contractile proteins
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ea0ld3
1. What is the functional unit of the mus- Sarcomere
cle cell?
2. What is the band of only thin fi I-band
3. What is the centre of the H-zone also M-line
known as?
4. What hold the m-disc of tick filament Titin
to the z-disc?
5. Describe the histology of skeletal mus- - Long, cylindrical fibre
cle (3) - Striated
- Multinucleated
6. Describe the functions of skeletal mus- - Voluntary movement
cle (3) - Produce heat
- Protect organs
7. Describe the locations of skeletal mus- - Attached to boned
cle (3) - Around orfices
8. Describe the histology of cardiac mus- - Short
cle (4) - Branched
- Striated
- Singl nucleus
9. Describe the function of cardiac mus- Contracts to pump blood
cle
10. Describe the location of cardiac mus- Heart
cle
11.
, HES 305 - Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ea0ld3
Describe the histology of smooth mus- - Short
cle (4) - Spindle shaped
- Not striated
- Single nucleus
12. Describe the functions of smooth mus- - Involuntary movement
cle (5) - Move food
- Involuntary respiration
- Secretions
- Blood in arteries
13. Describe the locations of smooth mus- - Walls of major organs
cle (2) - Walls of passages
14. List the structure and layers of muscle Fascicles -> muscle fibers -> myofibrils
from outer layer to inner layer (3)
15. Describe fascicles Tightly packed bundles inside muscle
16. Describe muscle fibers Groups of long cells inside fascicles
17. Describe myogibrils 1000s of them inside muscle fibres
18. Where are satalite cells located? Inside the basement membrane of muscle fiber
19. List and describe the 3 stages of satal- 1) Proliferation
ite cell activation 2) Migration, adhesion, fusion
3) Fusion, growth
20. Describe the 4 steps of the myogenic 1) Mitosis into additional satalite cells
pathway of satalite cells 2) Formation of myotube (contains contractile
proteins)
3) Translocation of myotube across sarcolemma
4) Fusion of myotube with existing myofibril
, HES 305 - Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ea0ld3
21. List the 2 contractile properties of the 1) Thick filament
muscle 2) Thin filament
22. Describe the 3 components of the tick 1) 6-subunit myosin protein
filament 2) 2 heavy chains (MHC)
3) 2 light chains (MLCs)
23. List the 3 components of the thin fila- 1) 2 twisted strings of spherical actin molecules
ment 2) Tropomyosin on actin
3) Toponin
24. List the 3 types of troponin 1) Troponin - C
2) Triponin - I
3) Troponin - T
25. List the 6 steps of the contractile mech- Hydrolysis of ATP -> myosin head conf change
anisms of the thick filament -> binds to actin and Pi + energy are released
from myosin-ATP binding site -> Myosin head
rotate/swing back while still bound to actin -> ADP
released from myosin binding site -> myosin stays
attached until another ATP binds
26. Describe the myosin heavy chain and - MHC I
mATPase activity in type I fibers - Slow
27. Describe the myosin heavy chain and - MHC IIa
mATPase activity in type IIa fibers - Fast
28. Describe the myosin heavy chain and - MHC IIx
mATPase activity in type IIx fibers - Very fast
29. Describe the 3 steps of the contractile Ca2+ released from SR binds to troponin C sites
mechanism of the thin filament -> troponin makes conformational change, moves
, HES 305 - Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ea0ld3
tropomyosin from actin binding -> allows for
myosin-actin cross-bridge binding to occur
30. Descruve the 4 mechanisms of calcium 1) Storage, release, and resequestering of Ca2+
handling in contraction depends on SR
2) SR depends on T-tubules to propogate electri-
cal depolorization resulting from AP from motor
neuron
3) Food proteins (DHP 7 RyR) convert AP to chem-
ical signal to terminal cicternae
4) Allows SR to release Ca2+ = [Ca2+] increases in
cytoplasm
31. Describe the main mechanism respon- SERCA pump responsible for reuptake of Ca2+
sible for calcium handling in relaxation
32. What is another word for "speed of re- Lusitropy
laxation"?
33. What 2 things does lusitropy depend 1) Muscle tissue
on? 2) Fiber type
34. List the 2 types of SERCA pumps and 1) SERCA1a: Type II
where they are located 2) SERCA2a: Type I, cardiac, and smooth myscle
35. List the 3 modifying proteins responsi- 1) Sarcolipin
ble for how well SERCA pumps work 2) Parvalbumin
3) Calsequesterine
36. Ability to release and resequester Ca2+ Exercise-induced fatigue
may contribute to what?
37. Describe the cytoskeleton Proteins that provide the framework to hold actin
and myosin contractile proteins
