Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era, and
x x x x x x x x x x x
Professional Societies, Organizations, and Associations
x x x x
Salvo: Massage Therapy, 7th Edition
x x x x
,MULTIPLE CHOICE x
1. Which method is defined as manual manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction for the
xxx x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
rapeutic, palliative, and recreational purposes?
x x x x
a. Acupuncture
xxx
b. Ayurveda
xxx
c. Polarity therapy
xxx x
d. Massage therapy
xxx x
ANS: D xx
Massage therapy is as a method of manipulating soft tissue using pressure and traction for th
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
erapeutic, palliative, and recreational purposes. x x x x
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
xxx x x x x x x x
a. Mashesh xxx
b. Masso c xxx x
. Masser d.
xxx x
xxx Makeh
ANS: B xx
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the Hebrew
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the Sanskrit
makeh, and the French masTsE
erS. TBANKSELLER.COM
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x
3. When is the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
xxx x x x x x x x x x x x x
a. 1600s xxx x
b. 1700s xxx x
c. 1800s xxx x
d. 1900s xxx
ANS: C xx
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-
x x x x x x x x x x x
based cultures. Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or sim
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
ply rubbing.x
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BC in which country?
xxx x x x x x x x x x x x x x
a. India xxx
b. China c xxx x
. Egypt d.
xxx x xx
x Greece
ANS: B xx
Early records have revealed that the practice of massage goes back to China, as early as 3000
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
BC. Acupuncture was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BC.
x x x x x x x x x x
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
xxx x x x x x x x x x x x x x
a. Tao Te Ching
xxx x x
, b. Nei Ching
xxx x
c. Ayur-Veda
xxx
d. Corpus Hippocraticum
xxx x
ANS: B xx
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the Yellow
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Emperor (died in 2599 BC) which became the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine k
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
nown as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BC, and this work contains detai
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
led descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal medicines.
x x x x x x x x x
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and energetic the
xxx x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
rapies?
a. Polarity
xxx
b. Shiatsu
xxx
c. Acupuncture
xxx
d. Amma
xxx
ANS: D xx
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese th
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
erapies, manual and energetic. x x x
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
xxx x x x x x x x
a. Ayurveda
xxx
b. Shiatsu c
xxx x
. Amma d.
xxx x xx
x Polarity
ANS: A xx
xx
Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China and massage
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
became part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical works, the A
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
yur-
Veda books of wisdom (about 1800 BC) and recommend it as an almost indispensable healing p
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
rocedure.
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses applied pressure of t
xxx x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
he thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
x x x x x x x x
a. Ayurveda
xxx
b. Shiatsu
xxx
c. Massage
xxx
d. Amma
xxx
ANS: B xx
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as acu
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
puncture. Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy; shiatsu t
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
herapists use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, and elbows, and even their knees and feet.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
xxx x x x x x x x x x x
a. Galen b.
xxx x
Celsus c.
xxx x xx
xRhazes
d. Hippocrates
xxx
, ANS: D xx
Hippocrates was known to be a fine clinician, founder of a medical school, author of
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
numerous books, and advocated the use of massage or ―rubbing.‖ His works are collectively
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
known as the Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was known about
x x x x x x x x x x x x
disease and medicine in the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally recognized as the father of m
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
odern Western medicine, and he believed that physicians should avoid causing harm to patients.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in both the
xxx x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
East and the West?x x x
a. Rhazes xxx
b. Celsus xxx
c. Avicenna
xxx
d. Hippocrates
xxx
ANS: C xx
A text entitled
x x xx
or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the greatest Persian physicians of his era, Avicenn
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
a (980-
x
1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina. The Canon of Medicine is the most famous book in the h
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
istory of medicine in both the East and the West.
x x x x x x x x x
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
xxx x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
a. Paré xxx
b. Harvey xxx
c. Galen xxx
d. Mezger xxx
xx
ANS: A xx
Ambroise Paré (1515- x x
1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest individuals in this era to
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
discuss the effects of massage. He also used friction to treat dislocated joints and other ort
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
hopedic conditions. x
12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to muscular co
xxx x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
ntraction of the heart? x x x
a. Paré xxx
b. Galen xxx
c. Harvey xxx
d. Mezger xxx
ANS: C xx
English scientist William Harvey (1578–
x x x x
1657) discovered the circulation of blood in 1628. Harvey observed the hearts of living anima
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
ls and determined that muscular contraction
x x x x x
(systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins. This discovery enhanced the acceptance of m
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
assage as a therapeutic measure.
x x x x
13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
xxx x x x x x x x x x x x
a. Johann Mezger
xxx x
b. Pehr H. Ling
xxx x x
c. George Henry Taylor
xxx x x
d. John Harvey Kellogg
xxx x x
x x x x x x x x x x x
Professional Societies, Organizations, and Associations
x x x x
Salvo: Massage Therapy, 7th Edition
x x x x
,MULTIPLE CHOICE x
1. Which method is defined as manual manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction for the
xxx x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
rapeutic, palliative, and recreational purposes?
x x x x
a. Acupuncture
xxx
b. Ayurveda
xxx
c. Polarity therapy
xxx x
d. Massage therapy
xxx x
ANS: D xx
Massage therapy is as a method of manipulating soft tissue using pressure and traction for th
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
erapeutic, palliative, and recreational purposes. x x x x
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
xxx x x x x x x x
a. Mashesh xxx
b. Masso c xxx x
. Masser d.
xxx x
xxx Makeh
ANS: B xx
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the Hebrew
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the Sanskrit
makeh, and the French masTsE
erS. TBANKSELLER.COM
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x
3. When is the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
xxx x x x x x x x x x x x x
a. 1600s xxx x
b. 1700s xxx x
c. 1800s xxx x
d. 1900s xxx
ANS: C xx
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-
x x x x x x x x x x x
based cultures. Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or sim
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
ply rubbing.x
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BC in which country?
xxx x x x x x x x x x x x x x
a. India xxx
b. China c xxx x
. Egypt d.
xxx x xx
x Greece
ANS: B xx
Early records have revealed that the practice of massage goes back to China, as early as 3000
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
BC. Acupuncture was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BC.
x x x x x x x x x x
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
xxx x x x x x x x x x x x x x
a. Tao Te Ching
xxx x x
, b. Nei Ching
xxx x
c. Ayur-Veda
xxx
d. Corpus Hippocraticum
xxx x
ANS: B xx
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the Yellow
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Emperor (died in 2599 BC) which became the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine k
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
nown as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BC, and this work contains detai
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
led descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal medicines.
x x x x x x x x x
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and energetic the
xxx x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
rapies?
a. Polarity
xxx
b. Shiatsu
xxx
c. Acupuncture
xxx
d. Amma
xxx
ANS: D xx
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese th
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
erapies, manual and energetic. x x x
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
xxx x x x x x x x
a. Ayurveda
xxx
b. Shiatsu c
xxx x
. Amma d.
xxx x xx
x Polarity
ANS: A xx
xx
Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China and massage
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
became part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical works, the A
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
yur-
Veda books of wisdom (about 1800 BC) and recommend it as an almost indispensable healing p
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
rocedure.
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses applied pressure of t
xxx x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
he thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
x x x x x x x x
a. Ayurveda
xxx
b. Shiatsu
xxx
c. Massage
xxx
d. Amma
xxx
ANS: B xx
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as acu
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
puncture. Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy; shiatsu t
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
herapists use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, and elbows, and even their knees and feet.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
xxx x x x x x x x x x x
a. Galen b.
xxx x
Celsus c.
xxx x xx
xRhazes
d. Hippocrates
xxx
, ANS: D xx
Hippocrates was known to be a fine clinician, founder of a medical school, author of
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
numerous books, and advocated the use of massage or ―rubbing.‖ His works are collectively
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
known as the Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was known about
x x x x x x x x x x x x
disease and medicine in the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally recognized as the father of m
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
odern Western medicine, and he believed that physicians should avoid causing harm to patients.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in both the
xxx x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
East and the West?x x x
a. Rhazes xxx
b. Celsus xxx
c. Avicenna
xxx
d. Hippocrates
xxx
ANS: C xx
A text entitled
x x xx
or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the greatest Persian physicians of his era, Avicenn
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
a (980-
x
1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina. The Canon of Medicine is the most famous book in the h
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
istory of medicine in both the East and the West.
x x x x x x x x x
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
xxx x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
a. Paré xxx
b. Harvey xxx
c. Galen xxx
d. Mezger xxx
xx
ANS: A xx
Ambroise Paré (1515- x x
1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest individuals in this era to
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
discuss the effects of massage. He also used friction to treat dislocated joints and other ort
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
hopedic conditions. x
12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to muscular co
xxx x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
ntraction of the heart? x x x
a. Paré xxx
b. Galen xxx
c. Harvey xxx
d. Mezger xxx
ANS: C xx
English scientist William Harvey (1578–
x x x x
1657) discovered the circulation of blood in 1628. Harvey observed the hearts of living anima
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
ls and determined that muscular contraction
x x x x x
(systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins. This discovery enhanced the acceptance of m
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
assage as a therapeutic measure.
x x x x
13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
xxx x x x x x x x x x x x
a. Johann Mezger
xxx x
b. Pehr H. Ling
xxx x x
c. George Henry Taylor
xxx x x
d. John Harvey Kellogg
xxx x x
