,CHAPTER 1: Evolution of Nursing Thought &
Action
Section title: Historical Leaders Who Advanced the Profession of
Nursing
Key Concept: Florence Nightingale’s emphasis on environment
and outcomes
Chapter & Subtopic — Chapter 1 – Historical Leaders;
Nightingale’s Environmental Theory
Question Stem: A nurse reviews a patient's crowded, poorly
ventilated ward with rising infection rates. Which Nightingale-
derived intervention should the nurse prioritize to reduce
infection-related morbidity? (≤65 words)
A. Increase antibiotic use for all patients
B. Improve ventilation and sanitation of the environment
C. Reduce nurse-patient communication to limit contact
D. Isolate all patients regardless of symptoms
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct: Improving ventilation and sanitation aligns with
Nightingale’s environmental theory, which links environment
to patient outcomes (Capriotti, Chapter 1 — Historical
Leaders Who Advanced the Profession of Nursing).
• A Incorrect: Antibiotics treat infection but do not address
environmental contributors and increase resistance risk.
• C Incorrect: Reducing communication harms assessment and
care; it does not prevent infection.
• D Incorrect: Blanket isolation is not evidence-based and may
cause harm; isolation should be symptom/diagnosis-driven.
Teaching Point: Environmental sanitation and ventilation reduce
infection risk and improve outcomes.
, 2.
Chapter #: Chapter 1
Section title: Nursing Today: Full-Spectrum Nursing
Key Concept: Full-spectrum nursing integrates prevention, acute
care, and population health
Chapter & Subtopic — Chapter 1 – Full-Spectrum Nursing Model
Question Stem: A full-spectrum nurse coordinates vaccination
clinics, triages ED patients, and teaches discharge self-care. Which
statement best describes full-spectrum nursing? (≤65 words)
A. Focuses only on acute, hospital-based care
B. Integrates health promotion, acute care, and population-level
interventions
C. Replaces the need for public health nurses
D. Limits nursing to bedside technical tasks
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct: Full-spectrum nursing spans prevention, acute care,
and population health, emphasizing broad roles (Capriotti,
Chapter 1 — Nursing Today: Full-Spectrum Nursing).
• A Incorrect: Incorrect — it is not limited to hospital care.
• C Incorrect: It complements — not replaces — public health
nursing.
• D Incorrect: Incorrect — it includes teaching, coordination,
and population work, not just technical tasks.
Teaching Point: Full-spectrum nursing combines prevention,
acute care, and population health activities.
3.
Chapter #: Chapter 1
, Section title: How Is Nursing Defined?
Key Concept: Nursing as autonomous and collaborative care
Chapter & Subtopic — Chapter 1 – Definitions of Nursing
Question Stem: Which definition best captures modern nursing’s
dual roles when advocating for a patient requiring coordination
with multiple specialists? (≤65 words)
A. Nursing is solely task-oriented assistance to physicians
B. Nursing is autonomous, caring, and collaborative practice
promoting health
C. Nursing is administrative oversight only
D. Nursing excludes patient advocacy
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct: Modern nursing emphasises autonomous and
collaborative practice, including advocacy and coordination
(Capriotti, Chapter 1 — How Is Nursing Defined?).
• A Incorrect: Outdated; nursing is not merely physician
assistance.
• C Incorrect: Nursing includes clinical practice, not just
administration.
• D Incorrect: Wrong — advocacy is central to nursing practice.
Teaching Point: Nursing is autonomous, collaborative, and
centered on advocacy.
4.
Chapter #: Chapter 1
Section title: How Do Nurses’ Educational Paths Differ?
Key Concept: Differences between ADN, BSN, and advanced
degrees
Chapter & Subtopic — Chapter 1 – Nursing Education Pathways
Action
Section title: Historical Leaders Who Advanced the Profession of
Nursing
Key Concept: Florence Nightingale’s emphasis on environment
and outcomes
Chapter & Subtopic — Chapter 1 – Historical Leaders;
Nightingale’s Environmental Theory
Question Stem: A nurse reviews a patient's crowded, poorly
ventilated ward with rising infection rates. Which Nightingale-
derived intervention should the nurse prioritize to reduce
infection-related morbidity? (≤65 words)
A. Increase antibiotic use for all patients
B. Improve ventilation and sanitation of the environment
C. Reduce nurse-patient communication to limit contact
D. Isolate all patients regardless of symptoms
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct: Improving ventilation and sanitation aligns with
Nightingale’s environmental theory, which links environment
to patient outcomes (Capriotti, Chapter 1 — Historical
Leaders Who Advanced the Profession of Nursing).
• A Incorrect: Antibiotics treat infection but do not address
environmental contributors and increase resistance risk.
• C Incorrect: Reducing communication harms assessment and
care; it does not prevent infection.
• D Incorrect: Blanket isolation is not evidence-based and may
cause harm; isolation should be symptom/diagnosis-driven.
Teaching Point: Environmental sanitation and ventilation reduce
infection risk and improve outcomes.
, 2.
Chapter #: Chapter 1
Section title: Nursing Today: Full-Spectrum Nursing
Key Concept: Full-spectrum nursing integrates prevention, acute
care, and population health
Chapter & Subtopic — Chapter 1 – Full-Spectrum Nursing Model
Question Stem: A full-spectrum nurse coordinates vaccination
clinics, triages ED patients, and teaches discharge self-care. Which
statement best describes full-spectrum nursing? (≤65 words)
A. Focuses only on acute, hospital-based care
B. Integrates health promotion, acute care, and population-level
interventions
C. Replaces the need for public health nurses
D. Limits nursing to bedside technical tasks
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct: Full-spectrum nursing spans prevention, acute care,
and population health, emphasizing broad roles (Capriotti,
Chapter 1 — Nursing Today: Full-Spectrum Nursing).
• A Incorrect: Incorrect — it is not limited to hospital care.
• C Incorrect: It complements — not replaces — public health
nursing.
• D Incorrect: Incorrect — it includes teaching, coordination,
and population work, not just technical tasks.
Teaching Point: Full-spectrum nursing combines prevention,
acute care, and population health activities.
3.
Chapter #: Chapter 1
, Section title: How Is Nursing Defined?
Key Concept: Nursing as autonomous and collaborative care
Chapter & Subtopic — Chapter 1 – Definitions of Nursing
Question Stem: Which definition best captures modern nursing’s
dual roles when advocating for a patient requiring coordination
with multiple specialists? (≤65 words)
A. Nursing is solely task-oriented assistance to physicians
B. Nursing is autonomous, caring, and collaborative practice
promoting health
C. Nursing is administrative oversight only
D. Nursing excludes patient advocacy
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct: Modern nursing emphasises autonomous and
collaborative practice, including advocacy and coordination
(Capriotti, Chapter 1 — How Is Nursing Defined?).
• A Incorrect: Outdated; nursing is not merely physician
assistance.
• C Incorrect: Nursing includes clinical practice, not just
administration.
• D Incorrect: Wrong — advocacy is central to nursing practice.
Teaching Point: Nursing is autonomous, collaborative, and
centered on advocacy.
4.
Chapter #: Chapter 1
Section title: How Do Nurses’ Educational Paths Differ?
Key Concept: Differences between ADN, BSN, and advanced
degrees
Chapter & Subtopic — Chapter 1 – Nursing Education Pathways
