Summary A Level Biology Notes - Respiration

Cristal
stores
Respiration
s ribosomes
oµµ


loop A
Miaeteriff
enzyme
controlledreactions

Glycolysis
First stage of aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Occurs in cytoplasm

Split Gcarbon glucose into 2 3 carbon pyruvate


Glucose
carbon
atom
I
ATP ATP

ADPtPi ApptPi

CYTOPLASM Phosphorylated Glucose
9
poop prevents diffusion AND
I
P
1P y cellmembrane
makesmore reactive


Triose Phosphate L
Those Phosphate
agg

oxidised oxidised
NAD NAD
Reduced
NAD
2K
C NAD
2h
Reduced


2Pi12A
f2Pit2ADP
2ATPC 2ATP


Pyruvate pyruvate

, ymu l lym
Activation of glucose
by phosphorylation
Splitting of the phosphorylated glucose to produce triodephosphateCTP

Oxidation of thosephosphate to pyruvate
Production of ATP by substratelevelphosphorylation and reduced NAD




Energy Yields from Glycolysis
Netgain of 2 ATP
2 reduced NAD provideenergy for more ATP in oxidative phosphorylation

2 pyruvate


Glycolysis does not require Oz
Pyruvate produced can be converted to lactate or ethanol in anaerobic
respiration



link Reaction

Pyruvate enters mitochondrial matrix by activetransport
Pyruvate oxidised to form acetate 12C
Oz and 2Htlost decarboxylation and dehydrogenation
oxidisedNADto produce reduced NAD
accepted
by
Acetate combines woth coenzyme A to produce compoundcalled acetylcoenzymeA