IOP2601 Assignment 2
Semester 2 Memo
(COMPLETE ANSWERS)
Due 25 August 2025
For assistance contact
Email:
, 1.1 Inferential statistics is a technique applied to samples in order to make inferences about
populations.
1.2 The statement is true. A single-sample t-test is specifically designed to compare the mean
of a single sample to a known or hypothesized population mean.
1.3 The statement is true. A scale with the property of equal intervals, like a Celsius
temperature scale, ensures that the distance between consecutive points is consistent
throughout the scale. For example, the difference between 10°C and 20°C is the same as the
difference between 30°C and 40°C.
1.4 This is known as a Type I error (or a false positive). It occurs when the researcher
mistakenly concludes there is a significant effect or relationship when there is not one in
reality.
1.5 The term used for a quantity that does not change and always has the same value is a
constant.
1.6 Properties of observations that can assume different values are called variables, whereas
a variable that can assume any value is known as a continuous variable.
1.7 Independent and Dependent Variables
This section requires a list of four variables to determine their relationships. As the variables
were not provided in the prompt, here is a general explanation using a common example:
• Example: The relationship between hours spent studying and exam score.
o Independent Variable (IV): Hours spent studying. The independent
variable is the one that is manipulated or changed by the researcher. In this
case, the number of hours studied can be controlled or observed to see its
effect.
o Dependent Variable (DV): Exam score. The dependent variable is the
outcome that is measured. It's called "dependent" because its value is
hypothesized to depend on the changes in the independent variable.
Semester 2 Memo
(COMPLETE ANSWERS)
Due 25 August 2025
For assistance contact
Email:
, 1.1 Inferential statistics is a technique applied to samples in order to make inferences about
populations.
1.2 The statement is true. A single-sample t-test is specifically designed to compare the mean
of a single sample to a known or hypothesized population mean.
1.3 The statement is true. A scale with the property of equal intervals, like a Celsius
temperature scale, ensures that the distance between consecutive points is consistent
throughout the scale. For example, the difference between 10°C and 20°C is the same as the
difference between 30°C and 40°C.
1.4 This is known as a Type I error (or a false positive). It occurs when the researcher
mistakenly concludes there is a significant effect or relationship when there is not one in
reality.
1.5 The term used for a quantity that does not change and always has the same value is a
constant.
1.6 Properties of observations that can assume different values are called variables, whereas
a variable that can assume any value is known as a continuous variable.
1.7 Independent and Dependent Variables
This section requires a list of four variables to determine their relationships. As the variables
were not provided in the prompt, here is a general explanation using a common example:
• Example: The relationship between hours spent studying and exam score.
o Independent Variable (IV): Hours spent studying. The independent
variable is the one that is manipulated or changed by the researcher. In this
case, the number of hours studied can be controlled or observed to see its
effect.
o Dependent Variable (DV): Exam score. The dependent variable is the
outcome that is measured. It's called "dependent" because its value is
hypothesized to depend on the changes in the independent variable.
