TEST BANK
ESSENTIAL GENETICS: A GENOMIC PERSPECTIVE 4TH EDITION
Elizabeth W. Jones & Daniel L. Hartl
,Study Guide and Solutions Manual to accompany
s
A GENOMICS PERSPECTIVE
Fourth Edition
Daniel L. Hartl and Elizabeth W. Jones
Prepared by Elena R. Lozovsky
JONES AND BARTLETT PUBLISHERS
Sudbury, Massachusetts
BOSTON TORONTO LONDON SINGAPORE
,Contents
1 The Genetic Code of Genes and Genomes 1
2 Transmission Genetics: Heritage from Mendel 4
3 The Chromosomal Basis of Heredity......................• ............................. 9
4 Gene Linkage and Genetic Mapping.......................·.· ........................13
5 Human Chromosomes and Chromosome Behavior 18
6 DNA Structure, Replication, and Manipulation 22
7 The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses 26
8 The Molecular Genetics of Gene Expression 30
9 Molecular Mechanisms of Gene Regulation 34
10 Genomics, Proteomics, and Genetic Engineering .............................. 38
11 The Genetic Control of Development 42
12 Molecular Mechanisms of Mutation and DNA Repair 45
13 Molecular Genetics of the Cell Cycle and cancer 48
14 Molecular Evolution and Population Genetics ...............•..................52
15 The Genetic Basis of Complex Inheritance 55
Appendix: Answers 58
V
, The Genetic Code of Genes
b b b b
and Genomes
b b
Key bConcepts
• Inherited b traits bare b affected bby bgenes.
• Genes b are b composed b of b the b chemical b deoxyribonucleic b acid b (DNA).
• DNA breplicates b to b form b (usually b identical) b copies b of b itself.
• DNA bcontains ba bcode bspecifying bwhat btypes bof benzymes band bother bproteins
bare bmade bin bcells.
• DNA boccasionally bmutates, b and bthe bmutant bforms bspecify baltered bproteins.
• A bmutant benzyme bis ban b"inborn berror bof bmetabolism" bthat bblocks bone bstep
bin ba bbio- bchemical bpathway bfor bthe bmetabolism bof bsmall bmolecules.
• Traits bare baffected bby b environment bas bwell bas bby bgenes.
• Organisms bchange bgenetically bthrough bgenerations bin bthe bprocess bof
bbiological bevolution.
• Because bof btheir bcomm.on bdescent, borganisms bshare bmany bfeatures bof btheir bgenetics
and bbiochemistry.
Key bTerms
1. complementary bbase bpairing
2. antiparallel
3. central bdogma
4. transcri b tion
5. ribosome
6. transfer b RNA b (tRNA)
7. proteome
8. substrate
9. alkaptonuria
10. phenylketonuria
11. pleiotropic beffect bor bpleiotropy
12. prokaryote
Concepts bin b Action
1.1. (a) bfalse; b(b) btrue; b(c) btrue; b(d) bfalse.
1.2. The bimportance bof bthe bnucleus bin binheritance bwas bimplied bby bits
bprominence bin bfer- btilization. bThe bdiscovery bof bchromosomes binside bthe
bnucleus, btheir bbehavior bduring bcell bdivision, band bthe bobservation bthat beach
bspecies bhas ba bcharacteristic bchromosome bnumber bmade bit blikely bthat
bchromosomes bwere bthe bcarriers bof bthe bgenes. bMicro- bscopic b studies
b showed b that b DNA b and b proteins b are b both b present b in b chromosomes, bbut
bwhereas bnearly ball bcells bof ba bgiven bspecies bcontain ba b constant bamount bof
bDNA, bthe bamount band bkinds b of bproteins bdiffer bgreatly bin bdifferent bcell
btypes.
C b2006 bby bJones band bBartlett bPublishers
ESSENTIAL GENETICS: A GENOMIC PERSPECTIVE 4TH EDITION
Elizabeth W. Jones & Daniel L. Hartl
,Study Guide and Solutions Manual to accompany
s
A GENOMICS PERSPECTIVE
Fourth Edition
Daniel L. Hartl and Elizabeth W. Jones
Prepared by Elena R. Lozovsky
JONES AND BARTLETT PUBLISHERS
Sudbury, Massachusetts
BOSTON TORONTO LONDON SINGAPORE
,Contents
1 The Genetic Code of Genes and Genomes 1
2 Transmission Genetics: Heritage from Mendel 4
3 The Chromosomal Basis of Heredity......................• ............................. 9
4 Gene Linkage and Genetic Mapping.......................·.· ........................13
5 Human Chromosomes and Chromosome Behavior 18
6 DNA Structure, Replication, and Manipulation 22
7 The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses 26
8 The Molecular Genetics of Gene Expression 30
9 Molecular Mechanisms of Gene Regulation 34
10 Genomics, Proteomics, and Genetic Engineering .............................. 38
11 The Genetic Control of Development 42
12 Molecular Mechanisms of Mutation and DNA Repair 45
13 Molecular Genetics of the Cell Cycle and cancer 48
14 Molecular Evolution and Population Genetics ...............•..................52
15 The Genetic Basis of Complex Inheritance 55
Appendix: Answers 58
V
, The Genetic Code of Genes
b b b b
and Genomes
b b
Key bConcepts
• Inherited b traits bare b affected bby bgenes.
• Genes b are b composed b of b the b chemical b deoxyribonucleic b acid b (DNA).
• DNA breplicates b to b form b (usually b identical) b copies b of b itself.
• DNA bcontains ba bcode bspecifying bwhat btypes bof benzymes band bother bproteins
bare bmade bin bcells.
• DNA boccasionally bmutates, b and bthe bmutant bforms bspecify baltered bproteins.
• A bmutant benzyme bis ban b"inborn berror bof bmetabolism" bthat bblocks bone bstep
bin ba bbio- bchemical bpathway bfor bthe bmetabolism bof bsmall bmolecules.
• Traits bare baffected bby b environment bas bwell bas bby bgenes.
• Organisms bchange bgenetically bthrough bgenerations bin bthe bprocess bof
bbiological bevolution.
• Because bof btheir bcomm.on bdescent, borganisms bshare bmany bfeatures bof btheir bgenetics
and bbiochemistry.
Key bTerms
1. complementary bbase bpairing
2. antiparallel
3. central bdogma
4. transcri b tion
5. ribosome
6. transfer b RNA b (tRNA)
7. proteome
8. substrate
9. alkaptonuria
10. phenylketonuria
11. pleiotropic beffect bor bpleiotropy
12. prokaryote
Concepts bin b Action
1.1. (a) bfalse; b(b) btrue; b(c) btrue; b(d) bfalse.
1.2. The bimportance bof bthe bnucleus bin binheritance bwas bimplied bby bits
bprominence bin bfer- btilization. bThe bdiscovery bof bchromosomes binside bthe
bnucleus, btheir bbehavior bduring bcell bdivision, band bthe bobservation bthat beach
bspecies bhas ba bcharacteristic bchromosome bnumber bmade bit blikely bthat
bchromosomes bwere bthe bcarriers bof bthe bgenes. bMicro- bscopic b studies
b showed b that b DNA b and b proteins b are b both b present b in b chromosomes, bbut
bwhereas bnearly ball bcells bof ba bgiven bspecies bcontain ba b constant bamount bof
bDNA, bthe bamount band bkinds b of bproteins bdiffer bgreatly bin bdifferent bcell
btypes.
C b2006 bby bJones band bBartlett bPublishers
