MSN 571 EXAM SCRIPT 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Drug intrinsic activity - ✔✔ability of drug to activate receptor upon binding.
✔✔Agonist - ✔✔everts effects by activating receptor sites ; can make process so faster
or slower
✔✔Antagonist - ✔✔produce effects by preventing receptor activation
✔✔partial agonist - ✔✔has only moderate intrinsic activity
can act as agonist or antagonist
✔✔Drugs that do not require receptor - ✔✔antacids
saline laxatives
cheating agents
antiseptics
✔✔drug therapeutic index - ✔✔measure of drug safety
✔✔drug-drug interactions - ✔✔when the effect of a medication is changed, enhanced,
or diminished when taken with another drug; caution w/ OTC, herbal, poly pharmacy,
illicit drugs
✔✔Drug-Food Interactions - ✔✔occur when a drug reacts with a food; grapefruit juice
major interaction
✔✔adverse drug reaction - ✔✔any unexpected, unintended, undesired, or excessive
response to a medication given at therapeutic dosages (as opposed to overdose)
✔✔adverse drug reaction examples - ✔✔allergic reaction, carcinogenic, teratogenic,
hepatotoxic, affect QT interval
✔✔ways to avoid adverse drug reactions - ✔✔monitor liver and kidney function
monitor serum and creating clearance
beers criteria
black box warning
REM's guideline
✔✔black box warning - ✔✔strongest safety warning drug can have.
✔✔placental drug transfer - ✔✔-all drugs can cross the placenta
-some can cross more easily than others
lipid soluble-easy
, others -not easy
✔✔Teratogenesis and Stage of Development - ✔✔weeks 3-8 gross malformation - first
trimester most dangerous
weeks 9-38 function disruption
✔✔Drug therapy and breast feeding - ✔✔take meds after breasfeeding
take drugs with short half life
✔✔Drug Therapy in Pediatric Patients - ✔✔Pediatrics includes all patients under age 16
✔✔absorption oral drug- pediatric - ✔✔delayed gastric emptying births to (6-8m)
decease acidity from birth to 2 years
✔✔absorption IM drug - pediatric - ✔✔slow and erratic b/c of low blood flow
✔✔absorption Transdermal drug - pediatric - ✔✔rapid and complete bc striatum corner
of infant skin is very thin,
✔✔distribution - pediatric - ✔✔drug easily assess blood brain barrier
protein binding - amount of albumin is low
✔✔metabolism - pediatric - ✔✔hepatic metabolism - begins 1 month after birth; mature
by 1 year old but. metabolism elevated until 2 years
may need more frequent drug Amin
✔✔excretion- pediatric - ✔✔renal excretion low at birth, reaches adult levels by 1 year.
✔✔adverse drug reaction-reaction-pediatric - ✔✔glucocorticoids- growth supression
tetracyclines - discolored teet
✔✔pediatric dose determination - ✔✔child BSA X adult dosage / 1.73m2
✔✔Drug Therapy in Geriatric Patients - ✔✔absorption - rate slowed delayed gastric
emptying
distribution- affected by decrease percentage of lean body, increase body fat; belt o
store more lip soluble drugs
metabolism - rate decline w/ age d/t decrease hepatic blood flow
excretion - decrease d/t decline in renal function USE CREATININE CLEARANCE NOT
SERUM CREAT
✔✔Beers List - ✔✔a list of drugs with high likelihood of causing adverse effects in older
adults
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Drug intrinsic activity - ✔✔ability of drug to activate receptor upon binding.
✔✔Agonist - ✔✔everts effects by activating receptor sites ; can make process so faster
or slower
✔✔Antagonist - ✔✔produce effects by preventing receptor activation
✔✔partial agonist - ✔✔has only moderate intrinsic activity
can act as agonist or antagonist
✔✔Drugs that do not require receptor - ✔✔antacids
saline laxatives
cheating agents
antiseptics
✔✔drug therapeutic index - ✔✔measure of drug safety
✔✔drug-drug interactions - ✔✔when the effect of a medication is changed, enhanced,
or diminished when taken with another drug; caution w/ OTC, herbal, poly pharmacy,
illicit drugs
✔✔Drug-Food Interactions - ✔✔occur when a drug reacts with a food; grapefruit juice
major interaction
✔✔adverse drug reaction - ✔✔any unexpected, unintended, undesired, or excessive
response to a medication given at therapeutic dosages (as opposed to overdose)
✔✔adverse drug reaction examples - ✔✔allergic reaction, carcinogenic, teratogenic,
hepatotoxic, affect QT interval
✔✔ways to avoid adverse drug reactions - ✔✔monitor liver and kidney function
monitor serum and creating clearance
beers criteria
black box warning
REM's guideline
✔✔black box warning - ✔✔strongest safety warning drug can have.
✔✔placental drug transfer - ✔✔-all drugs can cross the placenta
-some can cross more easily than others
lipid soluble-easy
, others -not easy
✔✔Teratogenesis and Stage of Development - ✔✔weeks 3-8 gross malformation - first
trimester most dangerous
weeks 9-38 function disruption
✔✔Drug therapy and breast feeding - ✔✔take meds after breasfeeding
take drugs with short half life
✔✔Drug Therapy in Pediatric Patients - ✔✔Pediatrics includes all patients under age 16
✔✔absorption oral drug- pediatric - ✔✔delayed gastric emptying births to (6-8m)
decease acidity from birth to 2 years
✔✔absorption IM drug - pediatric - ✔✔slow and erratic b/c of low blood flow
✔✔absorption Transdermal drug - pediatric - ✔✔rapid and complete bc striatum corner
of infant skin is very thin,
✔✔distribution - pediatric - ✔✔drug easily assess blood brain barrier
protein binding - amount of albumin is low
✔✔metabolism - pediatric - ✔✔hepatic metabolism - begins 1 month after birth; mature
by 1 year old but. metabolism elevated until 2 years
may need more frequent drug Amin
✔✔excretion- pediatric - ✔✔renal excretion low at birth, reaches adult levels by 1 year.
✔✔adverse drug reaction-reaction-pediatric - ✔✔glucocorticoids- growth supression
tetracyclines - discolored teet
✔✔pediatric dose determination - ✔✔child BSA X adult dosage / 1.73m2
✔✔Drug Therapy in Geriatric Patients - ✔✔absorption - rate slowed delayed gastric
emptying
distribution- affected by decrease percentage of lean body, increase body fat; belt o
store more lip soluble drugs
metabolism - rate decline w/ age d/t decrease hepatic blood flow
excretion - decrease d/t decline in renal function USE CREATININE CLEARANCE NOT
SERUM CREAT
✔✔Beers List - ✔✔a list of drugs with high likelihood of causing adverse effects in older
adults
