Topic 3: Infection & Response o Spread by sexual contact/exchange of body
Communicable adaptations: fluids – like blood when drug users share
A infectious disease that can be spread between needles
animals and plants directly or indirectly TMW
Viral o Widespread plant pathogen affecting many
o Very small species of plants
o Move into cells, live and reproduce and o Like tomatoes
make copies of themselves until cell bursts - o Mosaic pattern – discoloration of leaves
LYSIS affect leaf growth as can’t photosynthesise
o Damage and destroys cells o Prevent with good field hygiene & pest
Bacterial control
o Produce toxins Bacterial Diseases:
o Directly damage the cells Salmonella
o Multiply very quickly in body through binary o Food poisoning
fission o Bacteria ingested in food
Protist o Food prepared in unhygienic conditions
o Use animals and humans as their hosts o UK – poultry vaccinated against salmonella
(parasitic) to control spread
o Live on the inside and cause damage o Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting &
Fungi diarrhoea – caused by bacteria & its toxins
o Produce spores that can be spread to other Gonorrhoea
organisms o STD
o Can be single celled or have a hyphae body o Thick/yellow green discharge
(thread like structure) o Pain on urinating
Pathogen: Micro-organisms that cause infectious o Treated with penicillium until restraint
diseases strains
Diseases can be transmitted by: o Spread by sexual contract
o Direct contact – Kissing, infected plant o Spread controlled by antibiotics or barrier
material, Skin to skin method of contraception
o Air - Droplets Fungal Diseases:
o Water – Contaminated water Rose Black Spot
drinking/contact Purple/black spots on leaves
Preventing disease Leaves turn yellow & drop early reduce
o Good hygiene – hand washing, disinfectants photosynthesises & growing
o Reducing contact with infected individuals Spread in environment by water/wind
o Removing vectors – using pesticides, etc Treated with fungicides/removing or destroying
o Vaccination – Injecting small amounts of affected leaves
dead or inactive pathogen into someone’s Protist Diseases:
body to stimulate the immune system to E.g. Pathogens that cause malaria
create antibodies Malaria protest has a life cycle that includes the
Viral Diseases mosquito
Measles: Recurrent episodes of (possibly fatal) fevers
o Fever Control spread by preventing vectors, mosquitos
o Red Skin Rash from breeding
o Fatal if complications arise Using mosquito nets to avoid being bitten
o Young chidren are vaccinated against Vaccine to prevent
measles Human Defence Systems:
o Spread by ihalations of droplets – sneezes & Non-Specific Defence systems ↓
Skin
coughs
1. Physical barrier
HIV
2. Produced antimicrobial secretions to kill
o Flu-like illness
pathogens
o Attacks body’s immune cells unless
Nose
controlled by antiretroviral drugs
1. Hair to trap dust
o Late-stage HIV/AIDS – body’s immune
2. Mucus to trap dust to stop particles from
system badly damaged & can’t deal with
entering your lungs
other infections/ cancers
Communicable adaptations: fluids – like blood when drug users share
A infectious disease that can be spread between needles
animals and plants directly or indirectly TMW
Viral o Widespread plant pathogen affecting many
o Very small species of plants
o Move into cells, live and reproduce and o Like tomatoes
make copies of themselves until cell bursts - o Mosaic pattern – discoloration of leaves
LYSIS affect leaf growth as can’t photosynthesise
o Damage and destroys cells o Prevent with good field hygiene & pest
Bacterial control
o Produce toxins Bacterial Diseases:
o Directly damage the cells Salmonella
o Multiply very quickly in body through binary o Food poisoning
fission o Bacteria ingested in food
Protist o Food prepared in unhygienic conditions
o Use animals and humans as their hosts o UK – poultry vaccinated against salmonella
(parasitic) to control spread
o Live on the inside and cause damage o Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting &
Fungi diarrhoea – caused by bacteria & its toxins
o Produce spores that can be spread to other Gonorrhoea
organisms o STD
o Can be single celled or have a hyphae body o Thick/yellow green discharge
(thread like structure) o Pain on urinating
Pathogen: Micro-organisms that cause infectious o Treated with penicillium until restraint
diseases strains
Diseases can be transmitted by: o Spread by sexual contract
o Direct contact – Kissing, infected plant o Spread controlled by antibiotics or barrier
material, Skin to skin method of contraception
o Air - Droplets Fungal Diseases:
o Water – Contaminated water Rose Black Spot
drinking/contact Purple/black spots on leaves
Preventing disease Leaves turn yellow & drop early reduce
o Good hygiene – hand washing, disinfectants photosynthesises & growing
o Reducing contact with infected individuals Spread in environment by water/wind
o Removing vectors – using pesticides, etc Treated with fungicides/removing or destroying
o Vaccination – Injecting small amounts of affected leaves
dead or inactive pathogen into someone’s Protist Diseases:
body to stimulate the immune system to E.g. Pathogens that cause malaria
create antibodies Malaria protest has a life cycle that includes the
Viral Diseases mosquito
Measles: Recurrent episodes of (possibly fatal) fevers
o Fever Control spread by preventing vectors, mosquitos
o Red Skin Rash from breeding
o Fatal if complications arise Using mosquito nets to avoid being bitten
o Young chidren are vaccinated against Vaccine to prevent
measles Human Defence Systems:
o Spread by ihalations of droplets – sneezes & Non-Specific Defence systems ↓
Skin
coughs
1. Physical barrier
HIV
2. Produced antimicrobial secretions to kill
o Flu-like illness
pathogens
o Attacks body’s immune cells unless
Nose
controlled by antiretroviral drugs
1. Hair to trap dust
o Late-stage HIV/AIDS – body’s immune
2. Mucus to trap dust to stop particles from
system badly damaged & can’t deal with
entering your lungs
other infections/ cancers
