WGU D027 ADVANCED
PATHOPHARMACOLOGICAL
FOUNDATIONS QUESTIONS AND
100%VERIFIED ANSWERS(BRAND NEW).
What is the action of ginkgo biloba? - CorreCt Answers -- Suppress
production of platelet-activating factor (PAF), a mediator of platelet
aggregation
- Benefits are believed to derive from improved blood flow secondary to
gingko-induced vasodilation
What are some adverse effects of ginkgo biloba? - CorreCt Answers --
Stomach upset
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Vertigo
- All can be minimized by rapid increases in dosage
- Reported cases of spontaneous bleeding
What are some interactions of ginkgo biloba? - CorreCt Answers -- Suppress
anticoagulation (use in caution in patients taking antiplatelet drugs or
anticoagulants)
- May promote seizures (lowers the seizure threshold)
What are some uses of green tea? - CorreCt Answers -- Lose weight
- Improve mental clarity
,- Prevent and treat cancers of the stomach, skin, bladder, and breast
What are some adverse reactions of green tea? - CorreCt Answers --
Overconsumption may cause headache, nausea, anxiety, insomnia,
increased heart rate, and increased urination
- Hepatotoxicity has been reported (in those using concentrated green tea
extracts)
What are some interactions of green tea? - CorreCt Answers -- Consumed
with caution by patients taking vasodilators, stimulants, other psychoactive
medications, and medications with known risk for liver damage
- Contains small amounts of vitamin K which may decrease the
anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
What is saw palmetto used for? - CorreCt Answers -- Relieve urinary
symptoms associated with BPH
What is the mechanism of action for saw palmetto? - CorreCt Answers --
Blockade of testosterone receptors, blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptors,
and suppress of inflammation
What are some adverse effects of saw palmetto? - CorreCt Answers --
Nausea or headache
- May have antiplatlet actions
What are some interactions of saw palmetto? - CorreCt Answers --
Antiplatelet effects - used in caution with patients taking antiplatelet drugs
or anticoagulants
,What is the use of St. John's wort? - CorreCt Answers -- Mild to moderate
depression
- Used topically to manage local infection and orally to relieve pain and
inflammation
What is the mechanism of action for St. John's wort? - CorreCt Answers --
Decrease reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
- Blockade of serotonin and norepinephrine mimics the actions of some
conventional antidepressants
What are some adverse effects of St. John's wort? - CorreCt Answers -- CNS
effects (insomnia, vivid dreams, restlessness, anxiety, agitation, and
irritability)
- GI discomfort
- Fatigue
- Dry mouth
- Headache
- High dose may pose a risk for phototoxicity
What are some interactions of St. John's wort? - CorreCt Answers --
Serotonin syndrome (with certain drugs can intensify serotonergic
transmission; should not be combined with many antidepressants)
- Accelerate the elimination of drugs and reduce their effects
- Greatly reduces levels of digoxin, calcium channel blockers, steroid
hormones, protease inhibitors, and certain anticancer drugs
, What are some harmful supplements? - CorreCt Answers -- Comfrey -
topical appears safe; can cause severe liver damage; is carcinogenic
- Kava - used to treat anxiety, promote sleep, and relax muscles; promoted
to a natural alternative to benzos for treating anxiety and stress; can cause
severe liver injury
- Ma Huang (ephedra): elevates blood pressure and stimulate the heart and
CNS; high doses are associated with stroke, MI, and death
How does St. John's wort accelerate the metabolism of many drugs? -
CorreCt Answers -- CYP3A4 (the 3A4 isoenzyme of cytochrome P450)
What are some herbal products that increase the risk for bleeding in
patients? - CorreCt Answers -- Ginkgo biloba
- Feverfew
- Garlic
- Suppresses platelet aggregationWhat are some physical changes from
Alzheimer's dementia? - CorreCt Answers -- Brain shrinks dramatically;
nerve cell death and tissue loss
- Cardinal signs: plaques (abnormal clusters of protein fragments) and
tangles (twisted strands of another protein)
How is Alzheimer's treated? - CorreCt Answers -- There is no cure, but there
are pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments
- Cholinesterase inhibitors
- Memantine (namenda)
PATHOPHARMACOLOGICAL
FOUNDATIONS QUESTIONS AND
100%VERIFIED ANSWERS(BRAND NEW).
What is the action of ginkgo biloba? - CorreCt Answers -- Suppress
production of platelet-activating factor (PAF), a mediator of platelet
aggregation
- Benefits are believed to derive from improved blood flow secondary to
gingko-induced vasodilation
What are some adverse effects of ginkgo biloba? - CorreCt Answers --
Stomach upset
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Vertigo
- All can be minimized by rapid increases in dosage
- Reported cases of spontaneous bleeding
What are some interactions of ginkgo biloba? - CorreCt Answers -- Suppress
anticoagulation (use in caution in patients taking antiplatelet drugs or
anticoagulants)
- May promote seizures (lowers the seizure threshold)
What are some uses of green tea? - CorreCt Answers -- Lose weight
- Improve mental clarity
,- Prevent and treat cancers of the stomach, skin, bladder, and breast
What are some adverse reactions of green tea? - CorreCt Answers --
Overconsumption may cause headache, nausea, anxiety, insomnia,
increased heart rate, and increased urination
- Hepatotoxicity has been reported (in those using concentrated green tea
extracts)
What are some interactions of green tea? - CorreCt Answers -- Consumed
with caution by patients taking vasodilators, stimulants, other psychoactive
medications, and medications with known risk for liver damage
- Contains small amounts of vitamin K which may decrease the
anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
What is saw palmetto used for? - CorreCt Answers -- Relieve urinary
symptoms associated with BPH
What is the mechanism of action for saw palmetto? - CorreCt Answers --
Blockade of testosterone receptors, blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptors,
and suppress of inflammation
What are some adverse effects of saw palmetto? - CorreCt Answers --
Nausea or headache
- May have antiplatlet actions
What are some interactions of saw palmetto? - CorreCt Answers --
Antiplatelet effects - used in caution with patients taking antiplatelet drugs
or anticoagulants
,What is the use of St. John's wort? - CorreCt Answers -- Mild to moderate
depression
- Used topically to manage local infection and orally to relieve pain and
inflammation
What is the mechanism of action for St. John's wort? - CorreCt Answers --
Decrease reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
- Blockade of serotonin and norepinephrine mimics the actions of some
conventional antidepressants
What are some adverse effects of St. John's wort? - CorreCt Answers -- CNS
effects (insomnia, vivid dreams, restlessness, anxiety, agitation, and
irritability)
- GI discomfort
- Fatigue
- Dry mouth
- Headache
- High dose may pose a risk for phototoxicity
What are some interactions of St. John's wort? - CorreCt Answers --
Serotonin syndrome (with certain drugs can intensify serotonergic
transmission; should not be combined with many antidepressants)
- Accelerate the elimination of drugs and reduce their effects
- Greatly reduces levels of digoxin, calcium channel blockers, steroid
hormones, protease inhibitors, and certain anticancer drugs
, What are some harmful supplements? - CorreCt Answers -- Comfrey -
topical appears safe; can cause severe liver damage; is carcinogenic
- Kava - used to treat anxiety, promote sleep, and relax muscles; promoted
to a natural alternative to benzos for treating anxiety and stress; can cause
severe liver injury
- Ma Huang (ephedra): elevates blood pressure and stimulate the heart and
CNS; high doses are associated with stroke, MI, and death
How does St. John's wort accelerate the metabolism of many drugs? -
CorreCt Answers -- CYP3A4 (the 3A4 isoenzyme of cytochrome P450)
What are some herbal products that increase the risk for bleeding in
patients? - CorreCt Answers -- Ginkgo biloba
- Feverfew
- Garlic
- Suppresses platelet aggregationWhat are some physical changes from
Alzheimer's dementia? - CorreCt Answers -- Brain shrinks dramatically;
nerve cell death and tissue loss
- Cardinal signs: plaques (abnormal clusters of protein fragments) and
tangles (twisted strands of another protein)
How is Alzheimer's treated? - CorreCt Answers -- There is no cure, but there
are pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments
- Cholinesterase inhibitors
- Memantine (namenda)
