Chapter 01: Ecology of the Child
1. Forces affecting how children are socialized include which of the following?
a. Demographics
b. Parental age
c. Inflation
d. Friendships
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Forces affecting how children are socialized include demographics.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-2 - Examine elements of socialization as related to child development.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
2. The process by which individuals acquire the knowledge, skills, and character traits that enable them to participate as
effective members of groups and society is called:
a. socialization.
b. maturation.
c. temperament.
d. revolution.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: The process by which individuals acquire the knowledge, skills, and character traits that
enable them to participate as effective members of groups and society is called socialization.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-2 - Examine elements of socialization as related to child development.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
3. According to Handel, Cahill, and Elkin (2007), socialization occurs:
a. by means of political action.
b. through interactions with strangers.
c. in emotionally significant contexts.
d. only in the home.
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: According to Handel, Cahill, and Elkin (2007), socialization occurs in emotionally
significant contexts.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-2 - Examine elements of socialization as related to child development.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
4. The process by which externally controlled behavior shifts to internally controlled, or self-controlled, behavior is:
a. internalization.
b. socialization.
c. reciprocal connection.
d. cultural change.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: The process by which externally controlled behavior shifts to internally controlled, or self-
controlled, behavior is internalization.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
Page 1
,LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-4 - List the reciprocal factors (biological and socialization) related to developmental
outcomes.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
5. “Socialization as a reciprocal process” refers to which of the following ideas?
a. When individuals interact, a response in one individual usually elicits a response in the other.
b. Both mothers and fathers are important in the lives of children.
c. Children are socialized by many people; many people are important in their lives.
d. Human interactions change over time.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: “Socialization as a reciprocal process” refers to the idea that when individuals interact, a
response in one individual usually elicits a response in the other.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-2 - Examine elements of socialization as related to child development.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
6. The process of socialization begins:
a. at birth.
b. before birth.
c. at school-age.
d. after birth.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: The process of socialization begins at birth.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-2 - Examine elements of socialization as related to child development.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
7. The total composite of hereditary instructions coded in the genes at the moment of conception is one’s:
a. identity.
b. genotype.
c. exosystem.
d. chronosystem.
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: The total composite of hereditary instructions coded in the genes at the moment of
conception is one’s genotype.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-3 - Discuss two characteristics of the brain that make socialization unique to humans.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
8. Genetic prewiring that motivates a person to seek out compatible environments is called:
a. active.
b. passive.
c. language-rich.
d. responsive.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Genetic prewiring that motivates a person to seek out compatible environments is called
active.
Page 2
,QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-2 - Examine elements of socialization as related to child development.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
9. A happy, sociable child is more likely to engage others in social activities than a moody, shy child. This is an example
of a(n):
a. passive genotype–environment interaction.
b. active genotype–environment interaction.
c. evocative genotype–environment interaction.
d. inborn genotype-environment interaction.
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: This is an example of an evocative genotype-environment interaction.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-2 - Examine elements of socialization as related to child development.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
10. The difficult child has what kind of response?
a. Intense
b. Mild
c. Indifferent
d. Adaptable
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: The difficult child has an intense response.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-2 - Examine elements of socialization as related to child development.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
11. Samantha is generally in a positive mood, has regular rhythms, and can adapt to change with ease. Which
temperament style does Samantha exhibit?
a. Easy
b. Difficult
c. Slow to warm up
d. Unclassified
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Samantha exhibits the easy temperament style.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-3 - Discuss two characteristics of the brain that make socialization unique to humans.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply
12. Kochanska (1995, 1997) found that gentle parenting techniques were:
a. less effective in getting timid children to comply compared to assertive children.
b. more effective in getting timid children to comply compared to assertive children.
c. equally effective in getting timid children and assertive children to comply.
d. not effective in gaining compliance in any children.
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Kochanska (1995, 1997) found that gentle parenting techniques were more effective in
Page 3
, getting timid children to comply compared to assertive children.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-2 - Examine elements of socialization as related to child development.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
13. An adult tells a 6-year old to share a toy with a 4-year-old sibling. This is an example of what kind of socialization?
a. Intentional
b. Unintentional
c. Private
d. Challenging
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: This is an example of intentional socialization.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-5 - Compare and contrast intentional and unintentional socialization.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply
14. Which of the following is true?
a. Children absorb only the verbal cues of others.
b. Intentional socialization can end up being unintentional.
c. Much of socialization takes place during carefully structured interactions.
d. Children are unable to pick up on the nonverbal cues of others.
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: It is true that intentional socialization can end up being unintentional.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-5 - Compare and contrast intentional and unintentional socialization.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
15. Children are socialized by:
a. strangers.
b. socioeconomic status.
c. characters in movies and books.
d. politics.
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: Children are socialized by characters in movies and books.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-2 - Examine elements of socialization as related to child development.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
16. According to Aries, children were treated as “miniature adults” during which historical period?
a. Before the Renaissance
b. During the Industrial Revolution
c. In the 21st century
d. During the Great Depression
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: According to Aries, children were treated as “miniature adults” before the Renaissance.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
Page 4
1. Forces affecting how children are socialized include which of the following?
a. Demographics
b. Parental age
c. Inflation
d. Friendships
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Forces affecting how children are socialized include demographics.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-2 - Examine elements of socialization as related to child development.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
2. The process by which individuals acquire the knowledge, skills, and character traits that enable them to participate as
effective members of groups and society is called:
a. socialization.
b. maturation.
c. temperament.
d. revolution.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: The process by which individuals acquire the knowledge, skills, and character traits that
enable them to participate as effective members of groups and society is called socialization.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-2 - Examine elements of socialization as related to child development.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
3. According to Handel, Cahill, and Elkin (2007), socialization occurs:
a. by means of political action.
b. through interactions with strangers.
c. in emotionally significant contexts.
d. only in the home.
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: According to Handel, Cahill, and Elkin (2007), socialization occurs in emotionally
significant contexts.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-2 - Examine elements of socialization as related to child development.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
4. The process by which externally controlled behavior shifts to internally controlled, or self-controlled, behavior is:
a. internalization.
b. socialization.
c. reciprocal connection.
d. cultural change.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: The process by which externally controlled behavior shifts to internally controlled, or self-
controlled, behavior is internalization.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
Page 1
,LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-4 - List the reciprocal factors (biological and socialization) related to developmental
outcomes.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
5. “Socialization as a reciprocal process” refers to which of the following ideas?
a. When individuals interact, a response in one individual usually elicits a response in the other.
b. Both mothers and fathers are important in the lives of children.
c. Children are socialized by many people; many people are important in their lives.
d. Human interactions change over time.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: “Socialization as a reciprocal process” refers to the idea that when individuals interact, a
response in one individual usually elicits a response in the other.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-2 - Examine elements of socialization as related to child development.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
6. The process of socialization begins:
a. at birth.
b. before birth.
c. at school-age.
d. after birth.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: The process of socialization begins at birth.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-2 - Examine elements of socialization as related to child development.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
7. The total composite of hereditary instructions coded in the genes at the moment of conception is one’s:
a. identity.
b. genotype.
c. exosystem.
d. chronosystem.
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: The total composite of hereditary instructions coded in the genes at the moment of
conception is one’s genotype.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-3 - Discuss two characteristics of the brain that make socialization unique to humans.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
8. Genetic prewiring that motivates a person to seek out compatible environments is called:
a. active.
b. passive.
c. language-rich.
d. responsive.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Genetic prewiring that motivates a person to seek out compatible environments is called
active.
Page 2
,QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-2 - Examine elements of socialization as related to child development.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
9. A happy, sociable child is more likely to engage others in social activities than a moody, shy child. This is an example
of a(n):
a. passive genotype–environment interaction.
b. active genotype–environment interaction.
c. evocative genotype–environment interaction.
d. inborn genotype-environment interaction.
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: This is an example of an evocative genotype-environment interaction.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-2 - Examine elements of socialization as related to child development.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
10. The difficult child has what kind of response?
a. Intense
b. Mild
c. Indifferent
d. Adaptable
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: The difficult child has an intense response.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-2 - Examine elements of socialization as related to child development.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
11. Samantha is generally in a positive mood, has regular rhythms, and can adapt to change with ease. Which
temperament style does Samantha exhibit?
a. Easy
b. Difficult
c. Slow to warm up
d. Unclassified
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Samantha exhibits the easy temperament style.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-3 - Discuss two characteristics of the brain that make socialization unique to humans.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply
12. Kochanska (1995, 1997) found that gentle parenting techniques were:
a. less effective in getting timid children to comply compared to assertive children.
b. more effective in getting timid children to comply compared to assertive children.
c. equally effective in getting timid children and assertive children to comply.
d. not effective in gaining compliance in any children.
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Kochanska (1995, 1997) found that gentle parenting techniques were more effective in
Page 3
, getting timid children to comply compared to assertive children.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-2 - Examine elements of socialization as related to child development.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
13. An adult tells a 6-year old to share a toy with a 4-year-old sibling. This is an example of what kind of socialization?
a. Intentional
b. Unintentional
c. Private
d. Challenging
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: This is an example of intentional socialization.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-5 - Compare and contrast intentional and unintentional socialization.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply
14. Which of the following is true?
a. Children absorb only the verbal cues of others.
b. Intentional socialization can end up being unintentional.
c. Much of socialization takes place during carefully structured interactions.
d. Children are unable to pick up on the nonverbal cues of others.
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: It is true that intentional socialization can end up being unintentional.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-5 - Compare and contrast intentional and unintentional socialization.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
15. Children are socialized by:
a. strangers.
b. socioeconomic status.
c. characters in movies and books.
d. politics.
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: Children are socialized by characters in movies and books.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1-2 - Examine elements of socialization as related to child development.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
16. According to Aries, children were treated as “miniature adults” during which historical period?
a. Before the Renaissance
b. During the Industrial Revolution
c. In the 21st century
d. During the Great Depression
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: According to Aries, children were treated as “miniature adults” before the Renaissance.
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
Page 4
