PSYCHOLOGY 1004 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS 2025/2026 GRADED A+
✔✔What research bias can be prevented by using a double-blind procedures? -
✔✔Experimenter bias
✔✔Which study would be most likely influenced by a placebo effect? - ✔✔Participants
learn yoga, and then are asked to report whether their mood improves as a result of
doing yoga
✔✔What is the primary reason deception is often used in psychology research? -
✔✔Deception allows researchers to study topics that are otherwise impossible to study
✔✔What is PsychINFO - ✔✔It is a computerized database that contains abstracts of
articles, chapters, and books reporting psychological research
✔✔What type of research would you use to answer this question: Can the presences of
food-related cues cause an increase in the amount of food people eat? -
✔✔Experiment. To demonstrate a casual relationship, you would have to conduct an
experiment. You would manipulate the presence or absences of food-related cues in
controlled circumstances where subjects had an opportunity to eat some food, and
monitor the amount eaten
✔✔Why is it wise to be cautious when interpreting test results? - ✔✔Because tests only
measures samples of behaviour and are limited in the way that they test only certain
samples. Various factors influence test results
✔✔What are the two main categories of psychological tests? - ✔✔Mental ability and
personality tests
✔✔What makes a test standardized? - ✔✔A test is standardized if all subjects get the
same instructions, the same questions, and the same time limits
✔✔What are test norms and percentile scores? - ✔✔Test norms provide information
about where a score on a psychological test ranks in relation to other scores on that test
A percentile scores indicated the percentage of people who score at or below the score
one has obtained
✔✔What is reliability and how can it be measured? - ✔✔Reliability is the measurement
consistency of a test. It can be measured by test-retest reliability, which is estimated by
comparing subject's scores on 2 administrations of a test
✔✔What are the 3 types of test validity? - ✔✔Content Validity
Criterion-Related Validity
,Construct Validity
✔✔At the request of the HiTechnol and computer store chain, Professor Sam develops
a test to measure aptitude for selling computers. Two hundred applicants for sales hobs
at HiTechnol and stores are asked to take the test on two occasions, a few weeks apart.
A correlation of +0.82 is found between applicants's scores on the two administrations
of the test. Thus, the test appears to possess reasonable_________ - ✔✔Test-retest
reliability
✔✔All 200 of these applicants are hired and put to work selling computers, After six
months, Professor Sam correlates the new workers' aptitude test scores with the dollar
value of the computers that each sold during the first six months on the job. This
correlation turns out to by -0.21. This finding suggests the test may lack_________ -
✔✔Criterion-related validity
✔✔Back at the university, Professor Sam is teaching a course in theories of personality.
He decides to use the same midterm exam that he gave last year even though the
exam includes questions about theorists that he did not cover or assign reading on this
year. There are reasons to doubt the ____________ of Professor Sams midterm exam -
✔✔Content Validity
✔✔Hypothesis - ✔✔A tentative statement about the relationships between two or more
variables
✔✔Variables - ✔✔Any measurable conditions, events, characteristics, or behaviours
that are collected or observed in a study
✔✔Theory - ✔✔A system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations
✔✔Operational Definition - ✔✔The actions or operations that will be used to measure or
control a variable
✔✔Participants/subjects - ✔✔The persons or animals whose behaviour is
systematically observed in a study
✔✔Data collection techniques - ✔✔Procedures for making empirical observations and
measurements
✔✔Journal - ✔✔Periodical that publishes technical and scholarly material, usually in a
narrowly defined area of inquiry
✔✔Research Methods - ✔✔Consists of various approaches to the observation,
measurement, manipulation, and control of variables in empirical studies
, ✔✔Experiment - ✔✔A research method in which the investigator manipulates a variable
under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether any changes occur in a
second variable as a result
✔✔Independent variable - ✔✔A condition or event that an experimenter varies in order
to see its impact on another variable
✔✔Dependent variable - ✔✔The variable that is thought to be affected by manipulation
of the independent variable
✔✔Experimental group - ✔✔Consists of subjects who receive some special treatment in
regard to the independent variable
✔✔Control Group - ✔✔Consists of similar subjects who receive some special treatment
in regard to the independent variable
✔✔Control Group - ✔✔Consists of similar subjects who do not receive the special
treatment given to the experimental group
✔✔Extraneous variables - ✔✔Any variables other than the independent variable that
see, likely to influence the dependent variable in a specific study
✔✔Confounding variable - ✔✔Occurs when two variables are linked together in a way
that makes it difficult to sort out their specific effects
✔✔Random assignment - ✔✔Occurs when all subjects have an equal chance of being
assigned to any group or condition in the study
✔✔Naturalistic observation - ✔✔A researchers engages in careful observation of
behaviour without intervening directly with the research subjects or participants
✔✔Reactivity - ✔✔When a subject's behaviour is altered by the presence of an
observer
✔✔Case study - ✔✔An in depth investigation of an individual subject
✔✔Survey - ✔✔Researchers use questionnaires or interviews to gather information
about specific aspects of participants behaviour
✔✔Statistics - ✔✔The use of mathematics to organize, summarize, and interpret
numerical data
✔✔Descriptive statistics - ✔✔Used to organize and summarize data
SOLUTIONS 2025/2026 GRADED A+
✔✔What research bias can be prevented by using a double-blind procedures? -
✔✔Experimenter bias
✔✔Which study would be most likely influenced by a placebo effect? - ✔✔Participants
learn yoga, and then are asked to report whether their mood improves as a result of
doing yoga
✔✔What is the primary reason deception is often used in psychology research? -
✔✔Deception allows researchers to study topics that are otherwise impossible to study
✔✔What is PsychINFO - ✔✔It is a computerized database that contains abstracts of
articles, chapters, and books reporting psychological research
✔✔What type of research would you use to answer this question: Can the presences of
food-related cues cause an increase in the amount of food people eat? -
✔✔Experiment. To demonstrate a casual relationship, you would have to conduct an
experiment. You would manipulate the presence or absences of food-related cues in
controlled circumstances where subjects had an opportunity to eat some food, and
monitor the amount eaten
✔✔Why is it wise to be cautious when interpreting test results? - ✔✔Because tests only
measures samples of behaviour and are limited in the way that they test only certain
samples. Various factors influence test results
✔✔What are the two main categories of psychological tests? - ✔✔Mental ability and
personality tests
✔✔What makes a test standardized? - ✔✔A test is standardized if all subjects get the
same instructions, the same questions, and the same time limits
✔✔What are test norms and percentile scores? - ✔✔Test norms provide information
about where a score on a psychological test ranks in relation to other scores on that test
A percentile scores indicated the percentage of people who score at or below the score
one has obtained
✔✔What is reliability and how can it be measured? - ✔✔Reliability is the measurement
consistency of a test. It can be measured by test-retest reliability, which is estimated by
comparing subject's scores on 2 administrations of a test
✔✔What are the 3 types of test validity? - ✔✔Content Validity
Criterion-Related Validity
,Construct Validity
✔✔At the request of the HiTechnol and computer store chain, Professor Sam develops
a test to measure aptitude for selling computers. Two hundred applicants for sales hobs
at HiTechnol and stores are asked to take the test on two occasions, a few weeks apart.
A correlation of +0.82 is found between applicants's scores on the two administrations
of the test. Thus, the test appears to possess reasonable_________ - ✔✔Test-retest
reliability
✔✔All 200 of these applicants are hired and put to work selling computers, After six
months, Professor Sam correlates the new workers' aptitude test scores with the dollar
value of the computers that each sold during the first six months on the job. This
correlation turns out to by -0.21. This finding suggests the test may lack_________ -
✔✔Criterion-related validity
✔✔Back at the university, Professor Sam is teaching a course in theories of personality.
He decides to use the same midterm exam that he gave last year even though the
exam includes questions about theorists that he did not cover or assign reading on this
year. There are reasons to doubt the ____________ of Professor Sams midterm exam -
✔✔Content Validity
✔✔Hypothesis - ✔✔A tentative statement about the relationships between two or more
variables
✔✔Variables - ✔✔Any measurable conditions, events, characteristics, or behaviours
that are collected or observed in a study
✔✔Theory - ✔✔A system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations
✔✔Operational Definition - ✔✔The actions or operations that will be used to measure or
control a variable
✔✔Participants/subjects - ✔✔The persons or animals whose behaviour is
systematically observed in a study
✔✔Data collection techniques - ✔✔Procedures for making empirical observations and
measurements
✔✔Journal - ✔✔Periodical that publishes technical and scholarly material, usually in a
narrowly defined area of inquiry
✔✔Research Methods - ✔✔Consists of various approaches to the observation,
measurement, manipulation, and control of variables in empirical studies
, ✔✔Experiment - ✔✔A research method in which the investigator manipulates a variable
under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether any changes occur in a
second variable as a result
✔✔Independent variable - ✔✔A condition or event that an experimenter varies in order
to see its impact on another variable
✔✔Dependent variable - ✔✔The variable that is thought to be affected by manipulation
of the independent variable
✔✔Experimental group - ✔✔Consists of subjects who receive some special treatment in
regard to the independent variable
✔✔Control Group - ✔✔Consists of similar subjects who receive some special treatment
in regard to the independent variable
✔✔Control Group - ✔✔Consists of similar subjects who do not receive the special
treatment given to the experimental group
✔✔Extraneous variables - ✔✔Any variables other than the independent variable that
see, likely to influence the dependent variable in a specific study
✔✔Confounding variable - ✔✔Occurs when two variables are linked together in a way
that makes it difficult to sort out their specific effects
✔✔Random assignment - ✔✔Occurs when all subjects have an equal chance of being
assigned to any group or condition in the study
✔✔Naturalistic observation - ✔✔A researchers engages in careful observation of
behaviour without intervening directly with the research subjects or participants
✔✔Reactivity - ✔✔When a subject's behaviour is altered by the presence of an
observer
✔✔Case study - ✔✔An in depth investigation of an individual subject
✔✔Survey - ✔✔Researchers use questionnaires or interviews to gather information
about specific aspects of participants behaviour
✔✔Statistics - ✔✔The use of mathematics to organize, summarize, and interpret
numerical data
✔✔Descriptive statistics - ✔✔Used to organize and summarize data
